1、同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语-48 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Paper One(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part Dialogue Comm(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Section A(总题数：5，分数：5.00)1.A: John, you didnt show up at my birthday party last night.B: _.（分数：1.00）A.Im sorry, Jane, but I already sent you a present.B.Im sorry, Jane, but I dont like to be sh
2、own.C.Im sorry, Jane, but there was a serious accident on the way.D.Im sorry, Jane, but I dont like shows.2.A: Helen isnt here yet. Did you forget to invite her?B: _.（分数：1.00）A.She wasnt invited at all.B.She was going to come, but then changed her mind.C.She forgot to come.D.I dont remember inviting
3、 her.3.A: How did you do with your essay for Professor Smith Scott?B: _.（分数：1.00）A.Everything is OK. But I failed to finish it.B.Professor Smith Scott didnt work successfully enough to let me believe in him.C.Nonsense. Its not your business.D.Not too bad, it took me almost 10 hours.4.A: You seem to
4、have a lot of work at your office. Youve always been staying late and working overtime.B: _.（分数：1.00）A.What you say is right. But dont you know the meaning of work?B.Yes. Thats true. But dont you know the common saying: “Always work and no play makes Jack a dull boy?“C.Thats true, but its no bother
5、to me. The work is interesting and fun. I dont mind the extra hours at all.D.Sorry. I cannot listen to your advice. Overwork can bring me overpay, you know.5.A: I cant read with only that little lamp on.B: _.（分数：1.00）A.You shouldnt have read here.B.You should have turned that lamp on.C.What you need
6、 is an extra lamp.D.What this room needs is better lightin四、Section B(总题数：5，分数：5.00)6.Woman: Look, I dont want to bother you, but the stereo is really loud.Man: I didnt realize you could hear it.Question: What will the man probably do?（分数：1.00）A.Turn up the stereo.B.Start talking more quietly.C.List
7、en to the stereo at a lower volume.D.Change the channel.7.Man: Mary, did you drop off the roll of film for developing?Woman: No, I got Susan to do it.Question: What happened to the roll of film?（分数：1.00）A.It fell out of the camera.B.Mary developed it in photography class.C.Susan took it to be develo
8、ped.D.The man gave it to Susan.8.Man: Why is it that, whenever I open my mailbox, I pull out letters addressed to the previous tenants of this apartment?Woman: Tell the manager and ask him to forward the letters.Question: What does the woman suggest?（分数：1.00）A.Mail the letters to the manager.B.Have
9、the manager take care of the problem.C.Forward the letters to her apartment.D.Talk with the previous tenants.9.Man: Hello? Id like two seats for this evenings show.Woman: Sorry, but the performance is already sold out. Would you be interested in something later this week?Question: What does the woma
10、n imply?（分数：1.00）A.Tickets are available for future performances.B.The performance has been canceled.C.She wants to see the show tomorrow.D.The performance has already starte10.Woman: Are you sure you cleaned your car thoroughly? You want to impress the boss.Man: Id better double check to be sure.Qu
11、estion: What will the man probably do next?（分数：1.00）A.Have the boss drive another car.B.Ask the woman to help him clean the car.C.Check the car to see if it runs well.D.Make sure that his car is clean.五、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Section A(总题数：10，分数：5.00)11.Gardening is the cultivation of plant
12、s, usually in or near the home, as a hobby.（分数：0.50）A.germinationB.growingC.classificationD.sowing12.Meteorologists are at odds over the workings of tornadoes.（分数：0.50）A.mystifiedB.in disagreementC.up in armsD.in disarray13.Formulated in 1823 ,the Monroe Doctrine asserted that, he Americas were no l
13、onger open to European colonization.（分数：0.50）A.emphatically statedB.belligerently arguedC.accentuatedD.entreated14.The other members of the Cabinet made fun of the Secretary of Interior when he purchased Alaska because ,at the time ,it was not considered valuable,（分数：0.50）A.admiredB.enviedC.teasedD.
14、despised15.American children customarily go trick-or-treating on Halloween.（分数：0.50）A.gailyB.traditionallyC.readilyD.inevitably16.I would like your authorization to trim the part of the tree that hangs into my yard.（分数：0.50）A.sanctionB.encouragementC.approvalD.attention17.The last mayor was assassin
15、ated when he was fifty years old.（分数：0.50）A.honoredB.murderedC.electedD.impeached18.Dating from around（分数：0.50）A.D. 1000,the largest mound surviving from the Mississippian culturewas one hundred feet high and had a base of nearly fifteen acres.A. civilizationB.formationC.sectD.edifice19.In ancient t
16、imes the custom of shaking hands served to transfer power or authority.（分数：0.50）A.practiceB.folkloreC.cultureD.doctrine20.One of the most damaging plant parasites is the stem eelworm.（分数：0.50）A.harmfulB.elegantC.dangerousD.prevalent七、Section B(总题数：10，分数：5.00)21.He cant run a hundred yards, _ a mile.
17、（分数：0.50）A.less thanB.still lessC.no lessD.less even22.Every month, Mrs. Smith _ all her bills before she pays them.（分数：0.50）A.adds intoB.adds toC.adds up toD.adds up23.We were _ for an hour in the traffic and so we arrived late.（分数：0.50）A.kept offB.held upC.put backD.broken down24.The Americans _ G
18、eorge Washington as the father of their country.（分数：0.50）A.look up toB.think upC.regardD.look forward to25.She should _ those present at the meeting to arrive at a clear-cut decision.（分数：0.50）A.count upB.count againstC.count onD.count out26._ , the house was a good buy.（分数：0.50）A.All things to be co
19、nsideredB.All things consideringC.Considering all thingsD.All things considered27.Some criminal slang is so highly developed that pickpockets, for example, can _ a conversation in front of a victim without the persons realizing that they are discussing.（分数：0.50）A.carry onB.carry awayC.carry outD.car
20、ry off28.Whether a gun is a weapon of offence or a weapon of _ depends on which end of it you are at.（分数：0.50）A.defenseB.attackC.assaultD.defeat29._ your work in case youve made any mistakes.（分数：0.50）A.Take care ofB.EnsureC.Look out forD.Check30.A severe flood struck the city and there was a _ short
21、age of food.（分数：0.50）A.frequentB.consequentC.consecutiveD.consequential八、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)九、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Its a classic mystery of the deep. Why does the hammerhead shark (双髻鲨)have the bizarrely shaped head from which it gets its name?There have been a variety of suggeste
22、d explanations. Some simply say that the sharks use their heads to “hammer“ and pin down their favourite food. More plausibly, others have speculated that the wide lobes(圆形突出部分)of the hammerhead allow it to have longer electrorecep-tots, the organs that all sharks use to detect the electric fields p
23、roduced by nearby prey. This might allow hammerheads to sense subtler electric fields from more distant prey than their narrow-headed cousins.Now it turns out that the sharks head does indeed help it find and capture prey, but not in the way that zoologists expected. Stephen Kajlura and Kim Holland
24、of the University of Hawaii at Manoa set out to test the conventional theory by tricking young sharks into chasing phantom (虚构的)prey. Using a system of wires on the bottom of a shallow pool, they set up electric fields that mimicked those created by the bottom-dwelling shrimp and fish that form the
25、sharks usual diet.Sure enough, hungry sharks abruptly turned towards an electric field when they detected it. But when the researchers measured the distance at which this happened they found it was the same for 13 young hammerheads as it was for 12 young sandbar sharks(沙堤鲨),which have normal-shaped
26、heads.The two types of sharks proved equally adept at sensing the electric fields: each was able to detect the source from up to 30 centimetres away. That ruled out any improved sensitivity from the wider head. However, the hammerheads enjoy another more prosaic(平淡无奇的)advantage: their wider heads le
27、t them sweep more than twice as wide a swathe of the seafloor as they swim, which must boost their chance of encountering food.The researchers also found that hammerheads could turn more sharply when they detected the phantom prey. “Theyre a much more bendy shark , “says Kajlura, who is now at the U
28、niversity of California at Irvine. In part, thats because they have more slender bodies than the sandbar sharks. However, Kajiura has other unpublished data that suggests that the hammerheads broad heads can act as fins to improve manoeuvrability(机动性).So far, the researchers have only experimented w
29、ith young sharks, so adult hammerheads may gain some other advantage from their head shape.（分数：6.00）(1).The passage is mainly about _.（分数：1.00）A.the different species of sharksB.the differences between hammerhead and sandbar sharksC.how hammerhead sharks detect their preyD.special functions of the h
30、ammerhead sharks(2).Which of the following is a feature that the hammerhead shark shares with other sharks?（分数：1.00）A.They have slender bodies.B.They have wide lobes.C.They use electroreceptors to detect prey.D.They sense electric fields from far away.(3).What did Stephen Kajlura and Kim Holland ini
31、tially want to prove by the experiment?（分数：1.00）A.hammerheads have slender bodies than sandbar sharks.B.hammerheads could sense subtler electric fields than sandbar sharks.C.hammerheads could sweep more food than sandbar sharks.D.adult hammerheads may have more advantages than young hammerheads.(4).
32、The experiment conducted by Stephen Kajlura and Kim Holland proves that _.（分数：1.00）A.the conventional theory is wrongB.phantom prey are as attractive as real onesC.hammerhead sharks can find more distant preyD.the wider head of the hammerhead shark provides more sensitivity(5).The conclusion made by
33、 Stephen Kajlura and Kim Holland is that hammerhead sharks _.（分数：1.00）A.use their heads to pin down their favorite foodB.have more and longer electroreceptorsC.have more chances to encounter foodD.swim much faster than other sharks(6).One of the reasons why hammerhead sharks can turn more swiftly th
34、an sandbar sharks is that they have _.（分数：1.00）A.big headsB.slender bodiesC.wide lobesD.big fins十、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Ethiopians appear to have evolved a unique way of coping with thin mountain air. But how they do it remains a mystery.One way for the body to get enough oxygen to its tissues w
35、hen breathing oxygen-poor air is for it to make more red blood cells. This increases the amount of hemoglobin(血红蛋白), the protein that carries oxygen. Although less haemoglobin in the arteries is saturated with oxygen at high altitudes, having more of it makes up for the shortfall.People native to th
36、e high Andes are known to have more red blood cells than lowlanders, and athletes who train at altitude can increase their concentration of cells.But while many Tibetans also live at high altitudes, they do not have significantly elevated levels of haemoglobin. Instead they seem to boost the amount
37、of nitric oxide, which dilates(使膨胀) blood vessels and increases blood flow.Now Cynthia Beall, an anthropologist from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, has found a third kind of adaptation. When she tested the blood of 236 people in the Ambaras region in the Semien Mountains of Ethi
38、opia, she found that 95 percent of the haemoglobin in their arteries is saturated with oxygen, almost as much as that of people living at low altitudes and roughly 5 per cent above that of residents in the Andes or Tibet.“That shouldnt be, “says Beall. They must have a massively efficient way to get
39、 oxygen from the lungs to the blood, she says. But just what remains mysterious. They do not have higher concentrations of haemoglobin than anyone else, nor do they have a different kind of haemoglobin.Beall adds that this ability might be found in all people living in that part of the world, and no
40、t just those in the study. It might be why so many world-class endurance athletes are Ethiopian. “The next study needs to look at that,“she says.（分数：6.00）(1).From the passage we learn that haemoglobin is a kind of _.（分数：1.00）A.oxygenB.blood cellC.proteinD.artery(2).Why do athletes often go to high a
41、ltitudes to train?（分数：1.00）A.Because they want to increase the amount of haemoglobin in their bodies.B.Because it may help reduce the amount of red blood cells in their bodies.C.Because they intend to learn more from the mountain dwellers.D.Because it can help them to adapt themselves to the high al
42、titud(3).From the passage we can infer that the faster our blood flows, _.（分数：1.00）A.the stronger we becomeB.the weaker we becomeC.the less nitric oxide we haveD.the lower levels of haemoglobin we have(4).According to Cynthia Beall, the haemoglobin in the arteries of the Ethiopians _.（分数：1.00）A.is s
43、aturated with more oxygen than lowlandersB.is saturated with as much oxygen as the TibetansC.is more efficient than residents in the Andes and TibetD.runs faster than people in any other region of the world(5).Cynthia Beall is going to do more research on _.（分数：1.00）A.why Ethiopians have more haemog
44、lobinB.why so many world-class endurance athletes are EthiopiansC.whether the Ethiopians have different kind of haemoglobinD.whether the Ethiopians have higher concentration of haemoglobin(6).The best title of this passage can be: _.（分数：1.00）A.Ethiopians and HemoglobinB.Ethiopians and the World-clas
45、s AthletesC.An Anthropological Study on EthiopiansD.A Myth. Hemoglobin and the World-class Athletes among the Ethiopians十一、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Entrepreneurs are everybodys darlings these days. They may be small, but they are innovative. And innovation, we are assured, is the main engine of e
46、conomic growth.For policymakers everywhere, the task is to get the little critters to nest and breed. Give them the conditions they like-plenty of venture capital, tax breaks and a risk-taking cultureand the sun will shine on all of us, just like in California.Along comes Amar Bhide to tell us most
47、of this is plain wrong. Entrepreneurs, he asserts, are not risk-takers at all. Nor do most of them innovate, or depend on venture capital.His findings are striking enough. Start with his assertion that entrepreneurs are not innovators or risk-takers. The vast majority of new businesses, he points ou
48、t, start small and stay that way. These are the hairdressing salons, corner shops and landscape gardeners. Those are mature, predictable industries. For just that reason, they are the least profitable.The success stories come in areas of high uncertainty, where markets are changing fast because of t
49、echnology, regulation or fashion. A very large proportion, unsurprisingly, are in computing.But Mr. Bhide insists they are rarely innovative. The people who start high-growth businesses take a humdrum idea, usually from someone else, then change it constantly to fit the market. The starting point is much less important than what happens next. Nor are they risk-takers. These are typically young people, with no money, expertise or st
