1、厦门大学真题 2006 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、 Reading Comprehens(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：3，分数：30.00)In the course of my reading I had come across a case where, many years ago, some hunters on our Great Plains organized a buffalo hunt for the entertainment of an English earl and to provide some fresh
2、 meat for his use. They had charming sport. They killed seventy-two of those great animals; and ate part of one of them and left the seventy-one to rot. In order to determine the difference between an anaconda and an earl, I had seven lambs turned into the anacondas cage. The grateful snake immediat
3、ely crushed one of them and swallowed it, then lay back satisfied. It showed no further interest in the iambs, and no inclination to harm them. I tried this experiment with other anacondas; always with the same result. The fact stood proven that the difference between an earl and an anaconda is that
4、 the earl is cruel and the anaconda isnt; and the earl wantonly destroyed what he has no use for, but the anaconda doesnt. This seemed to suggest that the anaconda was not descended from the earl. It also seemed to suggest that the earl was descended from the anaconda, and had lost a good deal in th
5、e transition.I was aware that many men who have accumulated more money than they can ever use have shown a hunger for more, and have not hesitated to cheat the ignorant and the helpless out of their poor servings in order to partially satisfy that appetite. I furnished a hundred different kinds of w
6、ild and domestic animals the opportunity to accumulate vast stores of food but none of them would do it. The squirrels and bees and certain birds made accumulations, but stopped when they gathered a winters supply, and could not be persuaded to add to it either honestly or be trickery. These experim
7、ents convinced me that there is this difference between man and the higher animals; he is greedy, they are not.In the course of my experiments I convinced myself that among the animals man is the only one that harbors insults and injuries, broods over them, waits till a chance offers, then takes rev
8、enge. The passion of revenge is unknown to the higher animals.（分数：10.00）(1).By describing the buffalo hunting and his experiment with the anaconda, the author mainly wants to tell his readers that_A. the anaconda is easily satisfiedB. the earl is capable of committing wanton crueltyC. the earls ance
9、stor turned out to be the anacondaD. the anaconda does not harm other animals except when it is hungry（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the author, in human society, the rich _A. tend to accumulate vast stores of food B. are inclined to gather more richesC. ate ready to help the poor D. is mostly ch
10、eaters（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The authors experiments with different kinds of animals seem to prove that_A. man is the highest animal B. man is superior to animalsC. man is the lowest animal D. man is inferior to animals in certain respect（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).We learn from the last paragraph that_A. lo
11、ve of revenge is a unique characteristic of manB. man is the only animal capable of thinkingC. human beings are capable of insulting and injuring each otherD. man is better at taking chances than animals（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).In this passage, the author writes in a (n)_A. serious tone B. angry tone C.
12、 ironic tone D. matter-of-fact tone（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Since the early eighties we have been only too aware of the devastating effects of large-scale environmental pollution. Such pollution is generally the result of poor government planning in many developing nations or the short-sighted, selfish poli
13、cies of the already industrialized countries which encourage a minority of the worlds population to squander the majority of its natural resources.While events such as the deforestation of the Amazon jungle or the nuclear disaster in Chernobyl continue to receive high.remembered that not all polluti
14、on is on this grand scale. A large proportion of the worlds pollution has its source much close to home.Avoiding pollution can be a fulltime job. Try not to inhale traffic fumes, keep away from chemical plants and building-sites; wear a mask when cycling. It is enough to make you want to stay at hom
15、e. But that, according to a growing body of scientific evidence, would also be a bad idea. Research shows that levels of pollutants such as hazardous gases, particulate matter and other chemical “nasties“ are usually higher indoors than out, even in the most polluted cities. Since the average Americ
16、an spends 18 hours indoors for every hour outside, it looks as though many environmentalists may be attacking the wrong target.The latest study, conducted by two environmental engineers, Richard Corsi and Cynthia Howard-Reed, of the University of Texas in Austin, and published in Environmental Scien
17、ce and Technology, suggests that it is the process of keeping clean that may be making indoor pollution worse. The researchers found that baths, showers, dishwashers and washing machines can all be significant sources of indoor pollution, because they extract trace amounts of chemicals from the wate
18、r that they use and transfer them to the air.Nearly all public water supplies contain very low concentrations of toxic chemicals, most of them left over from the otherwise beneficial process of chlorination. In fact, in many cases, the degree of exposure to toxic chemicals in tap water by inhalation
19、 is comparable to the exposure that would result from drinking the stuff. This is significant because many people are so concerned about water-borne pollutants that they drink only bottled water, worldwide sales of which are forecast to reach $ 72 billion by next year. Dr. Corsis results suggest tha
20、t they are being exposed to such pollutants any way simply by breathing at home.The aim of such research is not, however, to encourage the use of gas masks when unloading the washing. Instead, it is to bring a sense of perspective to the debate about pollution. According to Dr. Corsi, disproportiona
21、te effort is wasted campaigning against certain forms of outdoor pollution; when there is as much or more cause for concern indoors, fight under peoples noses.Using gas cookers or burning candles, for example, both result in indoor levels of carbon monoxide and particulate matter that are just as hi
22、gh as those to be found outside, amid heavy traffic. Overcrowded classrooms whose ventilation systems were designed for smaller numbers of children frequently contain levels of carbon dioxide that would be regarded as unaccepted on board a submarine. “New car smell“ is the result of high levels of t
23、oxic chemicals, not cleanliness. Laser printers, computers, carpets and paints all contribute to the noxious indoor mix.The implications of indoor pollution for health are unclear. But before worrying about the problems caused by large-scale industry, it makes sense to consider the small-scale indus
24、try, it makes sense to consider the small-scale pollution at home and welcome international debate about this. Scientists investigating indoor pollution will gather next month in Edinburgh at the Indoor Air conference to discuss the problem. Perhaps unwisely, the meeting is being held indoors.（分数：10
25、.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the writer argues that pollution_A. has increased since the eightiesB. is at its worst in industrialized countriesC. results from poor relation between nationsD. is caused by human self-interest（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the third paragraph the writer suggests that_A. pe
26、ople should avoid working in citiesB. Americans spend too little time outdoorsC. hazardous gases are concentrated in industrial suburbsD. there are several ways to avoid city pollution（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The Corsi research team hypothesized that _A. toxic chemicals can pass from air to waterB. poll
27、ution is caused by dishwashers and bathsC. city water contains insufficient chlorineD. household appliances are poorly designed（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).As a result of their experiments, Dr. Corsis team found that_A. dishwashers are very efficient machinesB. tap water is as polluted, as bottled waterC. i
28、ndoor pollution rivals outdoor pollutionD. gas masks are a useful protective device（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Regarding dangers of pollution, the writer believes that_A. there is a need for rational discussionB. indoor pollution is a recent phenomenonC. people should worry most about their work environmen
29、tD. industrial pollution causes specific diseases（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.Interact voting happens all the time, but usually its confined to topics such as “Who is the cutest cast member of Party of Five?“ Soon, however, people will be able to cast their ballot for President on the Internet, ha March, Arizon
30、a Democrats will vote online in their states presidential primary, and Florida and Washington are considering online voting. The military plans to allow a small test group of overseas soldiers to vote via the Internet this November.The Internet voting is growing rapidly. There are civic engagement e
31、nthusiasts who see it as a way to prevent the drop in voter turnout. Then there are the Internet fans, who think the Internet is going to change everything, so why not politics? Most important are the people who make the plan for developing software for online voting. Imagine the retail price of tha
32、t software, then multiply it by every state and city government, and suddenly a lot of Internet capitalists develop a deeply felt concern for increasing voter turnout.Some problems will arise. Hackers and some politicians could break into a voting database and make the secret ballot not so secret. A
33、 massive computer failure would have disastrous consequences. Just as serious, online voting could distort participation levels, at least, to the wealthy and cyber-connected.In the long run, however, online voting might make little difference. Since the 1960s, the government has made numerous attemp
34、ts to energize nonvoters by making it easier for them to get to the polls, extending voting hours, lowering the voting age, etc. Still, voter turnout has decreased steadily. Political scientists believe the important cause is indifference and dislike to politics, not the inconvenience of voting. Put
35、ting a ballot on the Internet might even further depress turnout by cheapening one of the holy ceremonies of democracy. “The business of democracy,“ says Curtis Gans, an analyst of voting behavior, “shouldnt be the same as getting your e-mail./（分数：10.00）(1).What does the word “ballot“ in the second
36、line in Paragraph 1 mean?A. Vote. B. Ball. C. Dance. D. Voter.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Internet voting is growing rapidly because of all of the following EXCEPT that_A. there are civic engagement enthusiasts who see it as a way to prevent the drop in voter turnoutB. there are the internet fans, who thin
37、k the Internet is going to change everything, of course including politicsC. some people make the plan for developing software for online votingD. same capitalists are very much concerned about the voter turnout（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is NOT a problem that will arise in Internet
38、voting?A. People will gain unauthorized access to a database.B. Online voting system may be distorted.C. Participants will be mainly wealthy and cyber-connected.D. Computer failure.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to political scientists, the important cause for decreased voter turnout is_A. the lack
39、of interest in politics B. the inconvenience of votingC. the business of democracy D. the limited voting hours（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What does Curtis Gans think oflnternet voting?A. A holy practice is treated with disrespect.B. It is a natural behavior just like sending e-mail.C. Government should mak
40、e the polls easier for voters to get.D. Less and less people are interested in it.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.三、Directions: The pass(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Allie is a capuchin 16 who helps her disabled friend perform everyday tasks. Allie is a(n) 17 of many animals who can be 18 to do certain jobs. Besides monkeys, 19
41、 and sea lions can also give people a helping 20 .Dogs are good at 21 down prey and sniffing out 22 and 23 because they have millions of 24 in their nose. Monkeys are good helper for the 25 who cannot look after themselves? Sea lions can help scientists to record the 26 of whales because they can 27
42、 to the deep ocean. In addition, 28 are part of whales natural environment, which makes the video more 29 .But animals cannot do the jobs 30 training. The main process of training is called 31 , which uses 32 . During the training, trainers 33 an animal for doing something 34 . For monkeys, the posi
43、tive reinforcement can 35 a year before they are qualified for their jobs.Ahand KdogsBearthquake victims Lnatural behaviorCnatural Millegal substancesDsmell nerves NmonkeyEwithout OcorrectlyFtake PdiveGconditioned QconditioningHreward RexampleIpositive reinforcement Ssea lionsJtracking Tdisabled（分数：
44、10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、Directions: Read the(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Todays worker is no longer willing to work in an authoritarian and dehumanizing environment. Workers want meaning in
45、 their work and balance in their lives. They want opportunities to contribute and to know how their work is effective. Employees want to work for organizations that respect them as individuals. They also want to know that they are working for an ethical company that acts in a socially and environmen
46、tally responsible manner.Today, and in the future, companies must design work so that employees can take responsibility and be rewarded appropriately. By changing altitudes, and conditions in the workplace, organizations can help make work more meaningful.Repetitive factory routines and office work
47、that simply moves paper from in-box to out-box are mindless task that destroy motivation and productivity. Research has shown that mental challenge is closely related to job satisfaction. Too little challenge in the work, as in completely automated tasks, generally leads to boredom and lowered satis
48、faction. On the other hand, too much challenge may lead to failure and frustration. Thus success or achievement in reaching an accepted standard of c.ompetence is an important factor in job satisfaction.Todays workers want to be a valued part of the whole. They want to know that their work is important and how it fits into the corporate strategy. They want to know not only how the work they do affects others and the organizations goals, but how the/as indiv
