1、全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题 2005 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：20，分数：10.00)A.althoughB.asC.butD.whileA.aboveB.unlikeC.excludingD.besidesA.limitedB.committedC.dedicatedD.confinedA.catchingB.ignoringC.missingD.trackingA.anywayB.thoughC.insteadD.thereforeA.even ifB.if onlyC.only ifD.as ifA.dis
2、tinguishingB.discoveringC.determiningD.detectingA.dilutedB.dissolvedC.dispersedD.diffusedA.whenB.sinceC.forD.whereasA.unusualB.particularC.uniqueD.typicalA.signsB.stimuliC.messagesD.impulsesA.at firstB.at allC.at largeD.at timesA.subjectedB.leftC.drawnD.exposedA.ineffectiveB.incompetentC.inefficient
3、D.insufficientA.introduceB.summonC.triggerD.createA.stillB.alsoC.otherwiseD.neverthelessA.sureB.sickC.awareD.tiredA.tolerateB.repelC.neglectD.noticeA.availableB.reliableC.identifiableD.suitableA.similar toB.such asC.along withD.aside from二、BSection Readi(总题数：5，分数：10.00)21.In the opening paragraph, t
4、he author introduces his topic by _.（分数：2.00）A.posing a contrastB.justifying an assumptionC.making a comparisonD.explaining a phenomenon22.The statement “it is all too monkey“ (Last line, Paragraph 1) implies that _.（分数：2.00）A.monkeys are also outraged by slack rivalsB.resenting unfairness is als0 m
5、onkeys natureC.monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each otherD.no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions23.Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are _.（分数：2.00）A.more inclined to weigh what they getB.attentive to researchers instruction
6、sC.nice in both appearance and temperamentD.more generous than their male companions24.Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys _.（分数：2.00）A.prefer grapes to cucumbersB.can be taught to exchange thingsC.will not be co-operative if feeling cheatedD.are unhappy
7、 when separated from others25.What can we infer from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B.Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.C.Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D.Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the w
8、ild.三、BText 2/B(总题数：5，分数：10.00)26.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that _.（分数：2.00）A.there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and deathB.the number of early deaths of smokers in the past decades was insignificantC.people had the freedom to choose their own way
9、 of lifeD.antismoking people were usually talking nonsense27.According to Bruce Alberts, science can serve as _.（分数：2.00）A.a protectorB.a judgeC.a criticD.a guide28.What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis“( Last line, paragraph 4)?（分数：2.00）A.Endless studies kill action.B.Careful investig
10、ation reveals truth.C.Prudent planning hinders progress.D.Extensive research helps decision-making.29.According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?（分数：2.00）A.Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.B.Raise public awareness of conservation.C.Press for further scient
11、ific research.D.Take some legislative measures,30.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because _.（分数：2.00）A.they both suffered from the governments negligenceB.a lesson from the latter is applicable to the formerC.the outcome of the latter aggravates the formerD.bot
12、h of them have turned from bad to worse四、BText 3/B(总题数：5，分数：10.00)31.Researchers have come to believe that dreams _.（分数：2.00）A.can be modified in their coursesB.are susceptible to emotional changesC.reflect our innermost desires and fearsD.are a random outcome of neural repairs32.By referring to the
13、 limbic system, the author intends to show _.（分数：2.00）A.its function in our dreamsB.the mechanism of REM sleepC.the relation of dreams to emotionsD.its difference from the prefrontal cortex33.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to _.（分数：2.00）A.aggravate in our unconscious mindB.devel
14、op into happy dreamsC.persist till the time we fall asleepD.show up in dreams early at night34.Cartwright seems to suggest that _.（分数：2.00）A.waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreamsB.visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under controlC.dreams should be left to their natural prog
15、ressionD.dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious35.What advice might Cartwright give to those who sometimes have bad dreams?（分数：2.00）A.Lead your life as usual.B.Seek professional help.C.Exercise conscious control.D.Avoid anxiety in the daytime.五、BText 4/B(总题数：5，分数：10.00)36.According to M
16、cWhorter, the decline of formal English _.（分数：2.00）A.is inevitable in radical education reformsB.is but all too natural in language developmentC.has caused the controversy over the counter-cultureD.brought about changes in public attitudes in the 1960s37.The word “talking,(Line 5, Paragraph 3) denot
17、es _.（分数：2.00）A.modestyB.personalityC.livelinessD.informality38.To which of the following statements would McWhorter most likely agree?（分数：2.00）A.Logical thinking is not necessarily related to the way we talk.B.Black English can be more expressive than standard English.C.Non-standard varieties of hu
18、man language are just as entertaining.D.Of all the varieties, standard English can best convey complex ideas.39.The description of Russians love of memorizing poetry shows the author s _.（分数：2.00）A.interest in their languageB.appreciation of their effortsC.admiration for their memoryD.contempt for t
19、heir old-fashionedness40.According to the last paragraph, “paper plates“ is to “china“ as _.（分数：2.00）A.“temporary“ is to “permanent“B.“radical“ is to “conservative“C.“functional“ is to “artistic“D.“humble“ is to “noble“六、BPart B/B(总题数：5，分数：10.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、BPart C/B(总题数：5，分
20、数：10.00)_八、BSection Writi(总题数：1，分数：10.00)51.Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Write it neatly on ANSWER SHEET2. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter, use “Li Ming“ instead. You do not need to write the address.（分数：10.00）_九、BPart B/B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)52.You should write neatl
21、y on ANSWER SI1EET 2. （分数：20.00）_全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题 2005 年答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Use o(总题数：20，分数：10.00)A.althoughB.asC.but D.while解析：题型分析 逻辑关系判断 详细解答 空后的一句并非是对前一句的真正原因的阐释，前后逻辑关系更应该是转折，而非其它，所以答案为 C。A.aboveB.unlike C.excludingD.besides解析：题型分析 逻辑关系判断 详细解答 前后是对比关系，应该选“B”选项“unlike”。A.limited
22、 B.committedC.dedicatedD.confined解析：题型分析 词义辨析 详细解答 第三句话对第二句话的意思进行说明，指出“人的鼻子局限于某些气味飘浮于空中的气味”，那么第三空选“A”“limited”比较合适。A.catchingB.ignoringC.missing D.tracking解析：题型分析 词义辨析 详细解答 后半句对前半句进行说明，所填词意思与 perceiving 意思相对，所以应用 missing。A.anywayB.thoughC.instead D.therefore解析：题型分析 逻辑关系判断 详细解答 提示词“In fact”，暗示我们这里内容和
23、文章开始部分相反，正确答案“C”“instead”，表达了这种转折关系，为正确答案。如果选“B”或“D”，那么就与“In fact”无法搭配。A.even if B.if onlyC.only ifD.as if解析：题型分析 逻辑关系判断 详细解答 根据上下义，这一句表示让步关系，意思是“即使我们一般不会意识到某些气味，但我们仍然对这些东西感觉灵敏”。符合这一要求的只有“A”“even if”。A.distinguishingB.discoveringC.determiningD.detecting 解析：题型分析 形近词辨析 详细解答 第七个空要求选一个跟气味能搭配的动词，由前一句话可以了
24、解到其实就是要捕捉气味的意思。那么，“D”选项“detecting”是对的。这里也请同学们注意，本文是说“鼻子嗅觉”方面的。那么凡是说到捕捉气味的动词，要优先考虑，在本文有好几个选项都是选这样的动词。A.diluted B.dissolvedC.dispersedD.diffused解析：题型分析 难词辨义 详细解答 diluted 表示“冲淡”的意思，句意为“即使这些气味的浓度冲淡到原来的百万分之一人们仍然能够捕捉到这些气味”。A.whenB.sinceC.forD.whereas 解析：题型分析 逻辑关系判断 详细解答 第二段首句中的提示词“Strangely”，暗示这里要出现一个转折要填
25、的词必须表达这种对比。很明显，“D”选项“whereas”是正确答案。A.unusualB.particular C.uniqueD.typical解析：题型分析 副词辨析 详细解答 其他选项放到原文都不符合逻辑。A.signsB.stimuliC.messages D.impulses解析：题型分析 词义辨析 详细解答 前半句说“这些接收器能够感觉到气味”，既然能够感觉到气味，那说明已经有了信息。因此“C”选项“messages”是正确答案，这里的“B”选项和“D”选项仅仅谈到受到刺激，还没有形成信息，与整个句子的逻辑不相吻合。A.at first B.at allC.at largeD.a
26、t times解析：题型分析 固定搭配 详细解答 根据句子中间的意思“刚开始对某种气味不灵敏的人能够灵敏起来”，这表示嗅觉灵敏度变化的一个过程。而第十二个空涉及的是第一个过程，所以应该是“A”选项“at first”。A.subjectedB.leftC.drawnD.exposed 解析：题型分析 固定搭配 详细解答 “exposed to”表示“接触”。A.ineffectiveB.incompetentC.inefficient D.insufficient解析：题型分析 逻辑关系判断 详细解答 由该句可以看出：大脑关闭一些嗅觉接收器，这样使嗅觉接收达到最有效的程度。反之，如果让所有的嗅
27、觉接收器每时每刻都工作，毫无疑问，嗅觉接收效率不高。所以选“C”选项“inefficient”。A.introduceB.summonC.trigger D.create解析：题型分析 词义辨析 详细解答 所填词后面的意思对前面转折，前面讲大脑关闭一些嗅觉接收器，这样使嗅觉接收达到最有效的程度，而这里有所必要叫可以激活，因为 receptors 是本身就有的，不用重新 create，只用 trigger 一下可以了。所以答案为 C。A.stillB.also C.otherwiseD.nevertheless解析：题型分析 语义判断 详细解答 本句承接前一句的解释，这里指上述提高嗅觉接收有效率
28、的原理，也能解释另外一种现象：每个人对于自己的气味不太敏感。这样表示递进关系的“B”“also”是正确答案。A.sureB.sickC.aware D.tired解析：题型分析 固定搭配 详细解答 “be aware of”意为“意识到”。A.tolerateB.repelC.neglectD.notice 解析：题型分析 词义辨析 详细解答 这里谓语动词应该是前一句谓语动词的同义词，也就是“意识到”、“注意到”的意思，那么“D”选项“notice”为正确答案。A.available B.reliableC.identifiableD.suitable解析：题型分析 固定搭配 详细解答 “av
29、ailable for”意为“可用于”。A.similar toB.such as C.along withD.aside from解析：题型分析 词组用法辨析 详细解答 在这个空的前面提到“不熟悉的和紧急的信号”，后面提到“对烟的气味”，这是举一个例子，是前面所说信号的一种。所以，“B”选项为正确答案“such as”。二、BSection Readi(总题数：5，分数：10.00)21.In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by _.（分数：2.00）A.posing a contrastB.justifying
30、 an assumptionC.making a comparison D.explaining a phenomenon解析：题型分析 作者写作手法判断 详细解答 作者在第一段做了一个类比，讲人的公平意识，进行了阐述，最后指出猴子们也有公平意识。所有，作者显然通过比较开篇。22.The statement “it is all too monkey“ (Last line, Paragraph 1) implies that _.（分数：2.00）A.monkeys are also outraged by slack rivalsB.resenting unfairness is als0
31、 monkeys nature C.monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each otherD.no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions解析：题型分析 推理题 详细解答 根据问题中的线索，它在一段的最后，这里有两点要注意，第一个，在一段的最后出现了转折词“but”，这样很明显说明本文的主题就在这里。那么，作者在文章开始指出了人对于不公平的反应。这里说到猴子具有类似的个性。很明显，就是说猴子对于不公平的待遇电会有不满，这是它们的天性。所以，第二个选项是正确的。23.Femal
32、e capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are _.（分数：2.00）A.more inclined to weigh what they get B.attentive to researchers instructionsC.nice in both appearance and temperamentD.more generous than their male companions解析：题型分析 事实细节题 详细解答 根据找中心词的方法，我们找出这个题目的出题句是文章第三段的第
33、一句话“Such characteristics make them perfect candidates for Dr. Brosnans and Dr. de Waals study.”根据这句话，我们得知是因为猴子身上的某些特征使它们成为了研究者的研究对象。根据这样的一个信息点，在四个选项中进行排除。很显然，A 选项的意思是与原文的出题句的意思最接近。而 B 选项、C 选项原文没有提及到。D 选项，原文也没有提及到。因此，应该选择 A 选项。24.Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that t
34、he monkeys _.（分数：2.00）A.prefer grapes to cucumbersB.can be taught to exchange thingsC.will not be co-operative if feeling cheated D.are unhappy when separated from others解析：题型分析 细节题 详细解答 根据问题中的线索词“eventually”，可以确定这道题所对应的出题句可能在最后一段。事实上，它对应的是末段第二句“Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when eac
35、h animal feels it is not being cheated，”C 选项说到的正好是这个意思。所以，C 选项是正确答案。25.What can we infer from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.B.Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source. C.Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.D.Cooperation
36、among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.解析：题型分析 事实细节题 详细解答 可根据文章最后一段的最后一句话得到答案。三、BText 2/B(总题数：5，分数：10.00)26.An argument made by supporters of smoking was that _.（分数：2.00）A.there was no scientific evidence of the correlation between smoking and deathB.the number of early deaths of smokers in t
37、he past decades was insignificantC.people had the freedom to choose their own way of life D.antismoking people were usually talking nonsense解析：题型分析 事实推断题 详细解答 可根据第一段的第三句话推断，这一句话，是以赞成吸烟的人的口气说的：反吸烟的人是要破坏我们的生活方式，政府应站到一边去，意思就是说他们的生活方式应该由自己选择，其他人无权干涉。正是选项 C 的意思。27.According to Bruce Alberts, science can
38、serve as _.（分数：2.00）A.a protectorB.a judgeC.a criticD.a guide 解析：题型分析 细节判断题 详细解答 本题答案可根据第二段最后一句来判断，答案为句中原文。28.What does the author mean by “paralysis by analysis“( Last line, paragraph 4)?（分数：2.00）A.Endless studies kill action. B.Careful investigation reveals truth.C.Prudent planning hinders progres
39、s.D.Extensive research helps decision-making.解析：题型分析 语义判断题 详细解答 根据题干可以找到原文的出题句，是文章倒数第二段的最后一句：Instead of a plan of action, they continue to press for more research-a classic case of “paralysis by analysis“, 根据这个出题句，我们得知这句话的意思是“不是采取行动，他们而是继续去进行研究一个典型的X案例(X 表示本题被猜测的对象)。根据这句话中的“instead”我们就得知，“X”一定不是具体的行
40、动，而应该是研究(re search)，这句话中的破折号相当于冒号，表示对前句话的解释说明。四个选项中只有 A 选项有这样的意思，因此选 A。29.According to the author, what should the Administration do about global warming?（分数：2.00）A.Offer aid to build cleaner power plants.B.Raise public awareness of conservation.C.Press for further scientific research.D.Take some le
41、gislative measures, 解析：题型分析 综合推断题 详细解答 作者在第三段指出，如果等把危险的证据全都找到后再来采取补救措施就晚了，随着危险的日益明显和加剧，现在就应开始保险的政策。所以，答案 D 正确。30.The author associates the issue of global warming with that of smoking because _.（分数：2.00）A.they both suffered from the governments negligenceB.a lesson from the latter is applicable to t
42、he former C.the outcome of the latter aggravates the formerD.both of them have turned from bad to worse解析：题型分析 综合推断题 详细解答 作者以烟民的教训开篇，目的是要指出环保不能犯类似的错误。也就是说，如果我们现在认为科学还不能完全证明环境破坏会带来的后果，而只是一定程度上的推测，因为这不意识到危险，不采取措施，终究也会受到惩罚的。所以，答案 B 正确。四、BText 3/B(总题数：5，分数：10.00)31.Researchers have come to believe that
43、dreams _.（分数：2.00）A.can be modified in their courses B.are susceptible to emotional changesC.reflect our innermost desires and fearsD.are a random outcome of neural repairs解析：题型分析 事实细节题 详细解答 第一段最后一句“。can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control，to help us sleep and feel bet
44、ter,.”，这正是选项A 所表达的意思，所以正确答案为 A。32.By referring to the limbic system, the author intends to show _.（分数：2.00）A.its function in our dreamsB.the mechanism of REM sleepC.the relation of dreams to emotions D.its difference from the prefrontal cortex解析：题型分析 推理题 详细解答 该段段首提出大脑成像的证据支持这一观点，继续往上推，观点是关于梦与情绪的。而这里
45、提到的 limbic system 是大脑成像的一部分，所以 C 正确。33.The negative feelings generated during the day tend to _.（分数：2.00）A.aggravate in our unconscious mindB.develop into happy dreamsC.persist till the time we fall asleepD.show up in dreams early at night 解析：题型分析 事实判断题 详细解答 根据第三段第二、三句话可判断答案为 D。34.Cartwright seems t
46、o suggest that _.（分数：2.00）A.waking up in time is essential to the ridding of bad dreamsB.visualizing bad dreams helps bring them under controlC.dreams should be left to their natural progressionD.dreaming may not entirely belong to the unconscious 解析：题型分析 细节题 详细解答 Cartwright 认为“one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams”，选项 D 实际上是换了一种方式表达这个意思，应为正确答案。35
