1、全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题 2017 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：10.00)People have speculated for centuries about a future without work .Today is no different, with academics, writers, and activists once again_(1)that technology be replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming
2、 work-free world will be defined by_(2)A few wealthy people will own all the capital, and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland. A different and not mutually exclusive_(3)holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort, one_(4)by purposelessness： Without jobs to give th
3、eir lives_(5), people will simply become lazy and depressed._(6),todays unemployed dont seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression, double the rate for_(7)Americans. Also, some research sugg
4、ests that the_(8)for rising rates of mortality, mental-health problems, and addicting_(9)poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many_(10)the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesnt_(11)follow from findings like these that a world without w
5、ork would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the_(12)of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the_(13)of work, a society designed with other ends in mind could_(14)strikingly different circumstanced for the future of labor and leisure. Today, the_(15)of w
6、ork may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring, degrading, unhealthy, and a waste of human potential,” says John Danaher, a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days, because leisure time is relatively_(16)for most workers, people use their free time to counterbalance t
7、he intellectual and emotional_(17)of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard days work, I often feel_(18),“ Danaher says, adding, “In a world in which I dont have to work, I might feel rather different”perhaps different enough to throw himself_(19)a hobby or a passion project with the intensity us
8、ually reserved for_(20)matters.（分数：10.00）A.boastingB.denyingC.warningD.ensuringA.inequalityB.instabilityC.unreliabilityD.uncertaintyA.policyB.guidelineC.resolutionD.predictionA.characterizedB.dividedC.balancedD.measuredA.wisdomB.meaningC.gloryD.freedomA.InsteadB.IndeedC.ThusD.NeverthelessA.richB.urb
9、anC.workingD.educatedA.explanationB.requirementC.compensationD.substituteA.underB.beyondC.alongsideD.amongA.leave behindB.make upC.worry aboutD.set asideA.statisticallyB.occasionallyC.necessarilyD.economicallyA.chancesB.downsidesC.benefitsD.principlesA.absenceB.heightC.faceD.courseA.disturbB.restore
10、C.excludeD.yieldA.modelB.practiceC.virtueD.hardshipA.trickyB.lengthyC.mysteriousD.scarceA.demandsB.standardsC.qualitiesD.threatsA.ignoredB.tiredC.confusedD.starvedA.offB.againstC.behindD.intoA.technologicalB.technologicalC.educationalD.interpersonal二、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Text 1 Every Satur
11、day morning, at 9 am, more than 50,000 runners set off to run 5km around their local park. The Parkrun phenomenon began with a dozen friends and has inspired 400 events in the UK and more abroad. Events are free, staffed by thousands of volunteers. Runners range from four years old to grandparents;
12、their times range from Andrew Baddeleys world record 13 minutes 48 seconds up to an hour. Parkrun is succeeding where Londons Olympic “legacy“ is failing. Ten years ago on Monday, it was announced that the Games of the 30th Olympiad would be in London. Planning documents pledged that the great legac
13、y of the Games would be to level a nation of sport lovers away from their couches. The population would be fitter, healthier and produce more winners. It has not happened. The number of adults doing weekly sport did rise, by nearly 2 million in the run-up to 2012-but the general population was growi
14、ng faster. Worse, the numbers are now falling at an accelerating rate. The opposition claims primary school pupils doing at least two hours of sport a week have nearly halved. Obesity has risen among adults and children. Official retrospections continue as to why London 2012 failed to “inspire a gen
15、eration.“ The success of Parkrun offers answers. Parkun is not a race but a time trial: Your only competitor is the clock. The ethos welcomes anybody. There is as much joy over a puffed-out first-timer being clapped over the line as there is about top talent shining. The Olympic bidders, by contrast
16、, wanted to get more people doing sports and to produce more elite athletes. The dual aim was mixed up: The stress on success over taking part was intimidating for newcomers. Indeed, there is something a little absurd in the state getting involved in the planning of such a fundamentally “grassroots“
17、, concept as community sports associations. If there is a role for government, it should really be getting involved in providing common goods-making sure there is space for playing fields and the money to pave tennis and netball courts, and encouraging the provision of all these activities in school
18、s. But successive governments have presided over selling green spaces, squeezing money from local authorities and declining attention on sport in education. Instead of wordy, worthy strategies, future governments need to do more to provide the conditions for sport to thrive. Or at least not make the
19、m worse.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph1, Parkrun has_.（分数：2.00）A.gained great popularityB.created many jobsC.strengthened community tiesD.become an official festival(2).The author believes that Londons Olympic “legacy“ has failed to_.（分数：2.00）A.boost population growthB.promote sport participat
20、ionC.improve the citys imageD.increase sport hours in schools(3).Parkrun is different from Olympic games in that it_.（分数：2.00）A.aims at discovering talentsB.focuses on mass competitionC.does not emphasize elitismD.does not attract first-timers(4).With regard to mass sport, the author holds that gove
21、rnments should_.（分数：2.00）A.organize “grassroots“ sports eventsB.supervise local sports associationsC.increase funds for sports clubsD.invest in public sports facilities(5).The authors attitude to what UK governments have done for sports is_.（分数：2.00）A.tolerantB.criticalC.uncertainD.sympatheticText 2
22、 With so much focus on childrens use of screens, its easy for parents to forget about their own screen use. “Tech is designed to really suck on you in,“ says Jenny Radesky in her study of digital play, “and digital products are there to promote maximal engagement. It makes it hard to disengage, and
23、leads to a lot of bleed-over into the family routine.“ Radesky has studied the use of mobile phones and tablets at mealtimes by giving mother-child pairs a food-testing exercise. She found that mothers who sued devices during the exercise started 20 percent fewer verbal and 39 percent fewer nonverba
24、l interactions with their children. During a separate observation, she saw that phones became a source of tension in the family. Parents would be looking at their emails while the children would be making excited bids for their attention. Infants are wired to look at parents faces to try to understa
25、nd their world, and if those faces are blank and unresponsiveas they often are when absorbed in a device-it can be extremely disconcerting foe the children. Radesky cites the “still face experiment“ devised by developmental psychologist Ed Tronick in the 1970s. In it, a mother is asked to interact w
26、ith her child in a normal way before putting on a blank expression and not giving them any visual social feedback; The child becomes increasingly distressed as she tries to capture her mothers attention. “Parents dont have to be exquisitely parents at all times, but there needs to be a balance and p
27、arents need to be responsive and sensitive to a childs verbal or nonverbal expressions of an emotional need,“ says Radesky. On the other hand, Tronick himself is concerned that the worries about kids use of screens are born out of an “oppressive ideology that demands that parents should always be in
28、teracting“ with their children: “Its based on a somewhat fantasized, very white, very upper-middle-class ideology that says if youre failing to expose your child to 30,000 words you are neglecting them.“ Tronick believes that just because a child isnt learning from the screen doesnt mean theres no v
29、alue to it-particularly if it gives parents time to have a shower, do housework or simply have a break from their child. Parents, he says, can get a lot out of using their devices to speak to a friend or get some work out of the way. This can make them feel happier, which lets then be more available
30、 to their child the rest of the time.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Jenny Radesky, digital products are designed to _.（分数：2.00）A.simplify routine mattersB.absorb user attentionC.better interpersonal relationsD.increase work efficiency(2).Radeskys food-testing exercise shows that mothers use of devices _
31、.（分数：2.00）A.takes away babies appetiteB.distracts childrens attentionC.slows down babies verbal developmentD.reduces mother-child communication(3).Radeskys cites the “still face experiment“ to show that _.（分数：2.00）A.it is easy for children to get used to blank expressionsB.verbal expressions are unn
32、ecessary for emotional exchangeC.children are insensitive to changes in their parents moodD.parents need to respond to childrens emotional needs(4).The oppressive ideology mentioned by Tronick requires parents to_.（分数：2.00）A.protect kids from exposure to wild fantasiesB.teach their kids at least 30,
33、000 words a yearC.ensure constant interaction with their childrenD.remain concerned about kids use of screens(5).According to Tronick, kids use of screens may_.（分数：2.00）A.give their parents some free timeB.make their parents more creativeC.help them with their homeworkD.help them become more attenti
34、veText 3 Today, widespread social pressure to immediately go to college in conjunction with increasingly high expectations in a fast-moving world often causes students to completely overlook the possibility of taking a gap year. After all, if everyone you know is going to college in the fall, it see
35、ms silly to stay back a year, doesnt it? And after going to school for 12 years, it doesnt feel natural to spend a year doing something that isnt academic. But while this may be true, its not a good enough reason to condemn gap years. Theres always a constant fear of falling behind everyone else on
36、the socially perpetuated “race to the finish line,“ whether that be toward graduate school, medical school or lucrative career. But despite common misconceptions, a gap year does not hinder the success of academic pursuits-in fact, it probably enhances it. Studies from the United States and Australi
37、a show that students who take a gap year are generally better prepared for and perform better in college than those who do not. Rather than pulling students back, a gap year pushes them ahead by preparing them for independence, new responsibilities and environmental changes-all things that first-yea
38、r students often struggle with the most. Gap year experiences can lessen the blow when it comes to adjusting to college and being thrown into a brand new environment, making it easier to focus on academics and activities rather than acclimation blunders. If youre not convinced of the inherent value
39、in taking a year off to explore interests, then consider its financial impact on future academic choices. According to the National Center for Education Statistics, nearly 80 percent of college students end up changing their majors at least once. This isnt surprising, considering the basic mandatory
40、 high school curriculum leaves students with a poor understanding of themselves listing one major on their college applications, but switching to another after taking college classes. Its not necessarily a bad thing, but depending on the school, it can be costly to make up credits after switching to
41、o late in the game. At Boston College, for example, you would have to complete an extra year were you to switch to the nursing school from another department. Taking a gap year to figure things out initially can help prevent stress and save money later on.（分数：10.00）(1).One of the reasons for high-sc
42、hool graduates not taking a gap year is that_.（分数：2.00）A.they think it academically misleadingB.they have a lot of fun to expect in collegeC.it feels strange to do differently from othersD.it seems worthless to take off-campus courses(2).Studies from the US and Australia imply that taking a gap year
43、 helps_.（分数：2.00）A.keep students from being unrealisticB.lower risks in choosing careersC.ease freshmens financial burdensD.relieve freshmen of pressures(3).The word “acclimation“ (Line 8, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.adaptationB.applicationC.motivationD.competition(4).A gap year ma
44、y save money for students by helping them_.（分数：2.00）A.avoid academic failuresB.establish long-term goalsC.switch to another collegeD.decide on the right major(5).The most suitable title for this text would be_.（分数：2.00）A.In Favor of the Gap YearB.The ABCs of the Gap YearC.The Gap Year Comes BackD.Th
45、e Gap Year: A DilemmaText 4 Though often viewed as a problem for western states, the growing frequency of wildfires is a national concern because of its impact on federal tax dollars, says Professor Max Moritz, a specialist in fire ecology and management. In 2015, the US Forest Service for the first
46、 time spent more than half of its $5.5 billion annual budget fighting fires-nearly double the percentage it spent on such efforts 20 years ago. In effect, fewer federal funds today are going towards the agencys other work-such as forest conservation, watershed and cultural resources management, and
47、infrastructure upkeep-that affect the lives of all Americans. Another nationwide concern is whether public funds from other agencies are going into construction in fire-prone districts. As Moritz puts it, how often are federal dollars building homes that are likely to be lost to a wildfire? “Its alr
48、eady a huge problem from a public expenditure perspective for the whole country,“ he says. We need to take a magnifying glass to that. Like, “Wait a minute, is this OK?“ “Do we want instead to redirect those funds to concentrate on lower-hazard parts of the landscape?“ Such a view would require a co
49、rresponding shift in the way US society today views fire, researchers say. For one thing, conversations about wildfires need to be more inclusive. Over the past decade, the focus has been on climate change-how the warming of the Earth from greenhouse gases is leading to conditions that worsen fires. While climate is a key element, Moritz says, it shouldnt come at the expense of
