1、全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题 2016 年及答案解析(总分：84.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：20.00)Happy people work differently. Theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too. Companies located in place with ha
2、ppier people invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R it is that one is actually inclined to interruption.“ Deep reading requires not just time, but a special kind of time which cant be obtained merely by becoming more efficient. In fact, “becoming
3、 more efficient“ is part of the problem. Thinking of time as a resource to be maximised means you approach it instrumentally, judging any given moment as well spent only in so far as it advances progress toward some goal. Immersive reading, by contrast, depends on being willing to risk inefficiency,
4、 goallessness, even time-wasting. Try to slot it as a to-do list item and youll manage only goal-focused reading-useful, sometimes, but not the most fulfilling kind. “The future comes at us like empty bottles along an unstoppable and nearly infinite conveyor belt,“ writes Gary Eberle in his book Sac
5、red Time, and “we feel a pressure to fill these different-sized bottles (days, hours, minutes) as they pass, for if they get by without being filled, we will have wasted them.“ No mind-set could be worse for losing yourself in a book. So what does work? Perhaps surprisingly, scheduling regular times
6、 for reading. Youd think this might fuel the efficiency mind-set, but in fact, Eberle notes, such ritualistic behaviour helps us “step outside times flow“ into “soul time.“ You could limit distractions by reading only physical books, or on single-purpose e-readers. “Carry a book with you at all time
7、s“ can actually work, too-providing you dip in often enough, so that reading becomes the default state from which you temporarily surface to take care of business, before dropping back down. On a really good day, it no longer feels as if youre “making time to read,“ but just reading, and making time
8、 for everything else. （分数：5.00）(1).The usual time-management techniques dont work because . （分数：1.00）A.what they can offer does not ease the modern mindB.what challenging books demand is repetitive readingC.what people often forget is carrying a book with themD.what deep reading requires cannot be g
9、uaranteed(2).The “empty bottles“ metaphor illustrates that people feel a pressure to . （分数：1.00）A.update their to-do listsB.make passing time fulfillingC.carry their plans throughD.pursue carefree reading(3).Eberle would agree that scheduling regular times for reading helps . （分数：1.00）A.encourage th
10、e efficiency mind-setB.develop online reading habitsC.promote ritualistic readingD.achieve immersive reading(4). “Carry a book with you at all times“ can work if . （分数：1.00）A.reading becomes your primary business of the dayB.all the daily business has been promptly dealt withC.you are able to drop b
11、ack to business after readingD.time can be evenly split for reading and business(5).The best title for this text could be . （分数：1.00）A.How to Enjoy Easy ReadingB.How to Find Time to ReadC.How to Set Reading GoalsD.How to Read ExtensivelyText 4 Against a backdrop of drastic changes in economy and pop
12、ulation structure, younger Americans are drawing a new 21st-century road map to success, a latest poll has found. Across generational lines, Americans continue to prize many of the same traditional milestones of a successful life, including getting married, having children, owning a home, and retiri
13、ng in their sixties. But while young and old mostly agree on what constitutes the finish line of a fulfilling life, they offer strikingly different paths for reaching it. Young people who are still getting started in life were more likely than older adults to prioritize personal fulfillment in their
14、 work, to believe they will advance their careers most by regularly changing jobs, to favor communities with more public services and a faster pace of life, to agree that couples should be financially secure before getting married or having children, and to maintain that children are best served by
15、two parents working outside the home, the survey found. From career to community and family, these contrasts suggest that in the aftermath of the searing Great Recession, those just starting out in life are defining priorities and expectations that will increasingly spread through virtually all aspe
16、cts of American life, from consumer preferences to housing patterns to politics. Young and old converge on one key point: Overwhelming majorities of both groups said they believe it is harder for young people today to get started in life than it was for earlier generations. Whlie younger people are
17、somewhat more optimistic than their elders about the prospects for those starting out today, big majorities in both groups believe those “just getting started in life“ face a tougher a good-paying job, starting a family, managing debt, and finding affordable housing. Pete Schneider considers the cli
18、mb tougher today. Schneider, a 27-yaear-old auto technician from the Chicago suburbs says he struggled to find a job after graduating from college. Even now that he is working steadily, he said.“ I cant afford to pay ma monthly mortgage payments on my own, so I have to rent rooms out to people to ma
19、rk that happen.“ Looking back, he is struck that his parents could provide a comfortable life for their children even though neither had completed college when he was young.“I still grew up in an upper middle-class home with parents who didnt have college degrees,“Schneider said.“I dont think people
20、 are capable of that anymore. “ （分数：5.00）(1).One cross-generation mark of a successful life is . （分数：1.00）A.trying out different lifestylesB.having a family with childrenC.working beyond retirement ageD.setting up a profitable business(2).It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that young people tend to
21、. （分数：1.00）A.favor a slower life paceB.hold an occupation longerC.attach importance to pre-marital financeD.give priority to childcare outside the home(3).The priorities and expectations defined by the young will . （分数：1.00）A.become increasingly clearB.focus on materialistic issuesC.depend largely o
22、n political preferencesD.reach almost all aspects of American life(4).Both young and old agree that . （分数：1.00）A.good-paying jobs are less availableB.the old made more life achievementsC.housing loans today are easy to obtainD.getting established is harder for the young(5).Which of the following is
23、true about Schneider? （分数：1.00）A.He found a dream job after graduating from collegeB.His parents believe working steadily is a must for successC.His parents good life has little to do with a college degreeD.He thinks his job as a technician quite challengingA Be silly B Have fun C Ask for help D Exp
24、ress your emotions. E Dont overthink it F Be easily pleased G Notice things Act Your Shoe Size, Not Your Age. (1) As adults, it seems that were constantly pursuing happiness, often with mixed results. Yet children appear to have it down to an art-and for the most part they dont need self-help books
25、or therapy. Instead, they look after their wellbeing instinctively and usually more effectively than we do as grownups. Perhaps its time to learn a few lessons from them. 41_ (2) What does a child do when hes sad? He cries. When hes angry? He shouts. Scared? Probably a bit of both. As we grow up, we
26、 learn to control our emotions so they are manageable and dont dictate our behaviours, which is in many ways a good thing. But too often we take this process too far and end up suppressing emotions, especially negative ones. Thats about as effective as brushing dirt under a carpet and can even make
27、us ill. What we feel appropriately and then-again, like children-move on. 42_ A couple of Christmases ago, my youngest stepdaughter, who was 9 years old at the time, got a Superman T-shirt for Christmas. It cost less than a fiver but she was overjoyed, and couldnt bigger house or better car will be
28、the magic silver bullet that will allow us to finally be content, but the reality is these things have little lasting impact on our happiness levels. Instead, being grateful for small things every day is a much better way to improve wellbeing. 43_ Have you ever noticed how much children laugh? If we
29、 adults could indulge in a bit of silliness and giggling, we would reduce the stress hormones in our bodies, increase good hormones like endorphins, improve blood flow to our hearts and ever have a greater chance of fighting off infection. All of which would, of course, have a positive effect on our
30、 happiness levels. 44_ The problem with being a grownup is that theres an awful lot of serious stuff to deal with-work, mortgage payments, figuring out what to cook for dinner. But as adults we also have the luxury of being able to control our own diaries and its important that we schedule in time t
31、o enjoy the thing we love. Those things might be social, sporting, creative or completely random (dancing around the living room, anyone?)-it doesnt matter, so long as theyre enjoyable, and not likely to have negative side effects, such as drinking too much alcohol or going on a wild spending spree
32、if youre on a tight budget. 45_ Having said all of the above, its important to add that we shouldnt try too hard to be happy. Scientists tell us this can back fire and actually have a negative impact on our wellbeing. As the Chinese philosopher Chuang Tzu is reported to have said: “Happiness is the
33、absence of striving for happiness.“ And in that, once more, we need to look to the example of our children, to whom happiness is not a goal but a natural byproduct of the way they live. （分数：10.00）A.B.C.D.E.F.G.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.A.B.C.D.E.F.G.四、Part C(总题数：1，分数：4.00)1.The super
34、market is designed to lure customers into spending as much time as possible within its doors. The reason for this is simple: The longer you stay in the store, the more stuff youll see, and the more stuff you see, the more youll buy. And supermarkets contain a lot of stuff. The average supermarket, a
35、ccording to the Food Marketing Institute, carries some 44,000 different items, and many carry tens of thousands more. The sheer volume of available choice is enough to send shoppers into a state of information overload. According to brain-scan experiments, the demands of so much decision-making quic
36、kly become too much for us. After about 40 minutes of shopping, most people stop struggling to be rationally selective, and instead began shopping emotionally-which is the point at which we accumulate the 50 percent of stuff in our cart that we never intended buying.（分数：4.00）_五、Section Writing(总题数：1
37、，分数：10.00)2.Suppose you won a translation contest and your friend, Jack, wrote an email to congratulate you and ask for advice on translation. Write him a reply to 1) thank him, and 2) give you advice You should write about 100 on the ANSWER SHEET. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter.
38、 Use Li Ming instead. Do not write the address. (10 points) （分数：10.00）_六、Part B(总题数：1，分数：20.00)3.Write an essay based on the chart below. In your writing, you should 1) interpret the chart, and 2) give your comments. You should write about 150 words on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points) （分数：20.00）_全国硕士研究
39、生入学统一考试英语二真题 2016 年答案解析(总分：84.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：20.00)Happy people work differently. Theyre more productive, more creative, and willing to take greater risks. And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work, too. Companies located in place with happier p
40、eople invest more, according to a recent research paper. 2 , firms in happy places spend more on R罢工”，均不能与 at that possibility 搭配，C 选项 hints“暗示”符合语意，因此正确答案为 C。A.shape B.rediscoverC.simplifyD.share解析：结合文意，此处是在正面论述“当地文化和氛围”对公司运营的影响，且二者之间的因果关系一直贯穿全文。四个选项中，A 选项 shape 意为“形成，塑造” B 选项 rediscover“重新发现”， C 选
41、项simplify“简化”，D 选项 share“分享”， 其中只有 A 选项最贴近语意，因此正确答案为 A。A.pray forB.lean towards C.give awayD.send act解析：此处考察固定词组。 A 选项 pray for 意为“为祈祷”，B 选项 lean towards 意为“向倾斜”，C 选项 give away 意为“泄露; 失去;赠送”，D 选项 send out 意为“发送，发出”。空格所在句的前后语意为“快乐的人比普通人更加的具有正向思维，更有创造力，并且更加的_研究和发展。”可知最符合文意的只能是选项 B。二、Section Reading(总题
42、数：4，分数：20.00)Text 1 Its true that high-school coding classes arent essential for learning computer science in college. Students without experience can catch up after a few introductory courses, said Tom Cortina, the assistant dean at Carnegie Mellons School of Computer Science. However, Cortina said
43、, early exposure is beneficial. When younger kids learn computer science, they learn that its not just a confusing, endless string of letters and numbers - but a tool to build apps, or create artwork, or test hypotheses. Its not as hard for them to transform their thought processes as it is for olde
44、r students. Breaking down problems into bite-sized chunks and using code to solve them becomes normal. Giving more children this training could increase the number of people interested in the field and help fill the jobs gap, Cortina said. Students also benefit from learning something about coding b
45、efore they get to college, where introductory computer-science classes are packed to the brim, which can drive the less-experienced or-determined students away. The Flatiron School, where people pay to learn programming, started as one of the many coding bootcamps thats become popular for adults loo
46、king for a career change. The high-schoolers get the same curriculum, but “we try to gear lessons toward things theyre interested in,“ said Victoria Friedman, an instructor. For instance, one of the apps the students are developing suggests movies based on your mood. The students in the Flatiron cla
47、ss probably wont drop out of high school and build the next Facebook. Programming languages have a quick turnover, so the “Ruby on Rails“ language they learned may not even be relevant by the time they enter the job market. But the skills they learn - how to think logically through a problem and org
48、anize the results - apply to any coding language, said Deborah Seehorn, an education consultant for the state of North Carolina. Indeed, the Flatiron students might not go into IT at all. But creating a future army of coders is not the sole purpose of the classes. These kids are going to be surrounded by computers-in their pockets ,in their offices, in their homes -for the rest of their lives, The younger they learn how computers think, how to coax the machine into producing what they want -t
