1、全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题 2015 年及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：20.00)In our contemporary culture，the prospect of communicating with-or even looking at-a stranger is virtually unbearable Everyone around us seems to agree by the way they fiddle with their phones，even without a 1 under
2、ground Its a sad reality-our desire to avoid interacting with other human beings-because theres 2 to be gained from talking to the strange r standing by you. But you wouldnt know it， 3 into your phone. This universal armor sends the 4 ：“Please dont approach me.“ What is it that makes us feel we need
3、 to hide 5 our screens? One answer is fear, according to Jon Wortmann, executive mental coach We fear rejection，or that our innocent social advances will be 6 as“creep,“We fear weII be 7 We fear weII be disruptive Strangers are inherently 8 to us，so we are more likely to feel 9 when communicating wi
4、th them compared with our friends and acquaintances To avoid this anxiety, we 10 to our phones.“Phones become our security blanket，“Wortmann says.“They are our happy glasses that protect us from what we perceive is going to be more 11 .“ But once we rip off the bandaid，tuck our smartphones in our po
5、ckets and look up，it doesnt 12 so bad. In one 2011 experiment，behavioral scientists Nicholas Epley and Juliana Schroeder asked commuters to do the unthinkable: Start a 13 . They had Chicago train commuters talk to their fellow 14 . “When Dr.Epley and Ms. Schroeder asked other people in the same trai
6、n station to 15 how they would feel after talking to a stranger, the commuters thought their 16 would be more pleasant if they sat on their own,“ the New York Times summarizes. Though the participants didnt expect a positive experience, after they 17 with the experiment, “not a single person reporte
7、d having been snubbed.“ 18 , these commutes were reportedly more enjoyable compared with those sans communication, which makes absolute sense, 19 human beings thrive off of social connections. Its that 20 : Talking to strangers can make you feel connected.（分数：20.00）A.ticketB.permitC.signallD.recordA
8、.nothingB.linkC.anotherD.muchA.beatenB.guidedC.pluggedD.broughtA.messageB.cedeC.noticeD.signA.underB.beyondC.behindD.fromA.misinterpretedB.misappliedC.misadjustedD.mismatchedA.firedB.judgedC.replacedD.delayedA.unreasonableB.ungreatfulC.unconventionalD.unfamiliarA.comfortableB.anxiousC.confidentD.ang
9、ryA.attendB.pointC.takeD.turnA.dangerousB.mysteriousC.violentD.boringA.hurtB.resisC.bendD.decayA.lectureB.conversationC.debateD.negotiationA.traineesB.employeesC.researchersD.passengersA.revealB.chooseC.predictD.designA.voyageB.flightC.walkD.rideA.went throughB.did awayC.caught upD.put upA.In turnB.
10、In particularC.In factD.In consequenceA.unlessB.sinceC.ifD.whereasA.funnyB.simpleC.IogicalD.rare二、Section Reading(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Text 1 A new study suggests that contrary to most surveys. People art actually more stressed at home than at work. Researchers measured peoples cortntlol. Which is it at s
11、tress marker. While they were at work and while they were at home and found it higher at what is supposed to be a place of refuge. “Further contradicting conventional wisdom, we found that women as well as men have lower levels of stress at work than at home,“ writes one of the researchers. Sarah Da
12、maske, In fact women say they feel better at work. She notes. “it is men not women. Who report being bappicr at home than at work,“ Another surprise is that the findings hold true for both those with childrcn and without, but more so for nonparents. This is why pcoplc who work outside the home have
13、better health. What the study doesnt measure is whether people are still doing work when they re at home, whether it is household work or work brought home from the office. For many men, the end of the workday is a time to kick back. For women who stay home, they never get to leave the office. And f
14、or women who work outside the home, they often are playing catch-up-with-household tasks. With the blurring of roles, and the fact that the home front lags well behind the workplace in making adjustments for working women, it s not surprising that women are more stressed at home. But its not just a
15、gender thing. At work, people pretty much know what theyre supposed to be doing: working, making money, doing the tasks they have to do in order to draw an income. The bargain is very pure: Employee puts in hours of physical or mental labor and employee draws out life-sustaining moola. On the home f
16、ront, however, people have no such clarity. Rare is the household in which the division of labor is so clinically and methodically laid out. There are a lot of tasks to be done, there are inadequate rewards for most of them. Your home colleagues-your family-have no clear rewards for their labor; the
17、y need to be talked into it, or if they re teenagers, threatened with complete removal of all electronic devices. Plus, they re your family. You cannot fire your family. You never really get to go home from home. So its not surprising that people are more stressed at home. Not only are the tasks app
18、arently infinite, the co-workers are much harder to motivate.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Pa ragraph 1，most previous su rveys found that home_ （分数：2.00）A.was an un realistic place for relaxationB.generated more stress than the workplaceC.was an ideal place for stress measurementD.offered greater relax
19、ation than the workplace(2).According to Damaske， who are likely to be the happiest at home? （分数：2.00）A.Working mothersB.Childless husbandsC.Childless wivesD.Working fathers(3).The blurring of working womens roles refers to the fact thay_ （分数：2.00）A.they are both bread winners and housewivesB.their
20、home is also a place for kicking backC.there is often much housework left behindD.it is difficult for them to leave their office(4).The word“moola“(line 4，Para 4)most probably means_ （分数：2.00）A.energyB.skillsC.earningsD.nutrition(5).The home front differs from the workplace in that_ （分数：2.00）A.home
21、is hardly a cozier working environmentB.division of labor at home is seldom clear-cutC.household tasks are generally more motivatingD.family labor is often adequately rewardedText 2 For years, studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have a parent with a college deg
22、ree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of the
23、m. This has created “a paradox“ in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has “continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close“ achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming
24、 in the journal Psychological Sciense. But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)bet
25、ween first-generation and other students. The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findins are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private unive rsityFirst generation was defined as not having a parent with a fou r-year college d
26、egree Most of the first-generation students(59.1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal g rant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree Their thesis-that a relatively modest inte rventio
27、n could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past resea rch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be na r
28、rowed to close the achievement gap. Many first-gene ration students“struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn therules of the game，and take advantage of college resou rces,“ they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages dont talk about the class advantage
29、and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students educational expe rience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do not unde rstand how students like them can improve（分
30、数：10.00）(1).Recruiting more first-generation students has （分数：2.00）A.reduced their d ropout ratesB.narrowed the achievement gaoC.missed its original pu rposeD.depressed college students(2).The author of the research article are optimistic because （分数：2.00）A.the problem is solvableB.their approach is
31、 costlessC.the recruiting rate has increasedD.their finding appeal to students(3).The study suggests that most first-gene ration students （分数：2.00）A.study at private universitiesB.are from single-pa rent familiesC.are in need of financial supportD.have failed their collage(4).The author of the paper
32、 believe that first-generation students （分数：2.00）A.a re actually indifferent to the achievement gapB.can have a potential influence on othe r studentsC.may lack opportunities to apply for resea rch projectsD.are inexperienced in handling their issues at college(5).We mayinfer from the last paragraph
33、 that （分数：2.00）A.universities often rect the culture of the middle-classB.students are usually to blame for their lack of resourcesC.social class g reatly helps en rich educational experiencesD.colleges are partly responsible for the problem in questionText3 Even in traditional offices，“the lingua f
34、ranca of corporate America has gottenmuch more emotional and much more right-brained than it was 20 years ago，“ said Ha rva rd Business School professor Nancy Koehn She sta rted spinning off examples.“If you and I pa rachuted back to Fortune 500 companies in 1990，we would see much less frequent use
35、of terms like Journey, mission,passion. There were goals，there were strategies，there were objectives，but we didnt talk about energy；we didnt talk about passion.“ Koehn pointed out that this new era of corporate vocabula ry is very “team“-oriented-and not by coincidence.“Lets not forget sDorts-in mal
36、e-dominated corporate America，its still a big deal. Its not explicitly conscious；its the idea that Im a coach，and youre my team，and were in this togethec. There are lots and lots of CEOs in very different companies，but most think of themselves as coaches and this is their team and they want to win“.
37、 These terms a re also intended to infuse work with meaning-and，as Khu rana points out，increase allegiance to the firm.“You have the importation of terminology that historically used to be associated with non-profit organizations and religious organizations：Terms like vision，values，passion，and purpo
38、se，“saidKhurana This new focus on personal fulfillment can help keep employees motivated amid increasingly loud debates over work-life balance The “mommy wars“ of the 1990s a re still going on today, prompting arguments about whywomen still canthave it all and books like Sheryl Sandbergs Lean In，who
39、se title has become abuzzword in its own right. Terms like unplug，offline，life-hack，bandwidth，andcapacity are all about setting boundaries between the office and the home But ifyour work is your “passion,“ youII be more likely to devote yourself to it，even ifthat means going home for dinner and then
40、 working long after the kids are in bed But this seems to be the irony of office speak：Everyone makes fun of it，butmanage rs love it，companies depend on it，and regular people willingly absorb itAs Nunberg said，“You can get people to think its nonsense at the same timethat you buy into it.“ In a work
41、place thats fundamentally indiffe rent to your lifeand its meaning office speak can help you figu re out how you relate to yourwork-and how your work defines who you are.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Nancy Koehn, office language has become_ （分数：2.00）A.more emotionalB.more objectiveC.less energeticD.les
42、s strategic(2).“team“-oriented corporate vocabulary is closely related to_ （分数：2.00）A.historical incidentsB.gender differenceC.sports cultureD.athletic executives(3).Khurana believes that the importation of terminology aims to_ （分数：2.00）A.revive historical termsB.promote company imageC.foster corpor
43、ate cooperationD.strengthen employee loyalty(4).It can be inferred that Lean In_ （分数：2.00）A.voices for working womenB.appeals to passionate workaholicsC.triggers dcbates among mommiesD.praises motivated employees(5).Which of the following statements is true about office speak? （分数：2.00）A.Managers ad
44、mire it but avoid itB.linguists believe it to be nonsenseC.Companies find it to be fundamentalD.Regular people mock it but accept itText 4 Many people talked of the 288,000 new jobs the Labor Department reporled for Jure, along with the drop in the unemployment take to 6 J percent. at good news. And
45、 they were right. For now it appears the economy is creating jobs at a decent pace. We still have a long way to go to get back to full employment, but at least we are now finally moving forward at a faster pace. However there is another important part of the jobs picture that was targely ovedookcd.
46、There was a big jump in the number of people who report voluntarily working part-time. This figure is now 830,000（4,4 percent）above its year ago level. Before explaining the connection to the Obamacare, it is worth making an important distinction. Many people who work part-time jobs actually want fu
47、ll-time jobs. They take part-time work because this is all they can get. An increase in involuntary part-time work is evidence of weakness in the labor market and it means that many people will be having a very hard time making ends meet. There was an increase in involuntary part-time in June, but t
48、he general direction has been down. Involuntary part-time employment is still far higher than before the recession, but it is down by 640,000(7.9 percent)from its year ago level. We know the difference between voluntary and involuntary part-time employment because people tell us. The survey used by
49、the Labor Department asks people if they worked less than 35 hours in the reference week. If the answer is “yes.“they are classified as working part-time. The survey then asks whether they worked less than 35 hours in that week because they wanted to work less than full time or because they had no choice. They are only elassified as voluntary part-time workers if they tell the survey taker they chose to work less than 35 hours a week. The issue of volu
