1、全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语二真题 2012 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：120 分钟)一、Section Use of (总题数：1，分数：10.00)Millions of Americans and foreigners see GI.Joe as a mindless war toy ,the symbol of American military adventurism, but thats not how it used to be .To the men and women who (1 )in World War II and the people they
2、liberated ,the GI.was the (2) man grown into hero ,the pool farm kid torn away from his home ,the guy who (3) all the burdens of battle ,who slept in cold foxholes,who went without the (4) of food and shelter ,who stuck it out and drove back the Nazi reign of murder .this was not a volunteer soldier
3、 ,not someone well paid ,(5) an average guy ,up (6 )the best trained ,best equipped ,fiercest ,most brutal enemies seen in centuries. His name is not much.GI. is just a military abbreviation (7) Government Issue ,and it was on all of the article (8) to soldiers .And Joe? A common name for a guy who
4、never (9) it to the top .Joe Blow ,Joe Magrac a working class name.The United States has (10) had a president or vicepresident or secretary of state Joe. GI .joe had a (11)career fighting German ,Japanese , and Korean troops . He appers as a character ,or a (12 ) of american personalities, in the 19
5、45 movie The Story of GI. Joe, based on the last days of war correspondent Ernie Pyle. Some of the soldiers Pyle(13)portrayde themselves in the film. Pyle was famous for covering the (14)side of the warl, writing about the dirt-snow and-mud soldiers, not how many miles were(15)or what towns were cap
6、tured or liberated, His reports(16)the “willie” cartoons of famed Stars and Stripes artist Bill Maulden. Both men(17)the dirt and exhaustion of war, the (18)of civilization that the soldiers shared with each other and the civilians: coffee, tobacco, whiskey, shelter, sleep. (19)Egypt, France, and a
7、dozen more countries, G.I. Joe was any American soldier,(20)the most important person in their lives. （分数：10.00）A.performedB.servedC.rebelledD.betrayedA.actualB.commonC.specialD.normalA.boreB.casedC.removedD.loadedA.necessitiesB.faciliticeC.commoditiesD.propertoesA.andB.norC.butD.henceA.forB.intoC.f
8、ormD.againstA.meaningB.implyingC.symbolizingD.claimingA.handed outB.turn overC.brought backD.passed downA.pushedB.gotC.madeD.managedA.everB.neverC.eitherD.neitherA.disguisedB.disturbedC.disputedD.distinguishedA.companyB.collectionC.communityD.colonyA.employedB.appointedC.interviewedD.questionedA.eth
9、icalB.militaryC.politicalD.humanA.ruinedB.commutedC.patrolledD.gainedA.paralleledB.counteractedC.duplicatedD.contradictedA.neglectedB.avoidedC.emphasizedD.admiredA.stagesB.illusionsC.fragmentsD.advanceaA.WithB.ToC.AmongD.BeyondA.on the contraryB.by this meansC.from the outsetD.at that point二、Section
10、 Reading(总题数：4，分数：40.00)Text 1 Homework has never been terribly popular with students and even many parents, but in recent years it has been particularly scorned. School districts across the country, most recently Los Angeles Unified, are revising their thinking on his educational ritual. Unfortunat
11、ely, L.A. Unified has produced an inflexible policy which mandates that with the exception of some advanced courses, homework may no longer count for more than 10% of a students academic grade. This rule is meant to address the difficulty that students from impoverished or chaotic homes might have i
12、n completing their homework. But the policy is unclear and contradictory. Certainly, no homework should be assigned that students cannot do without expensive equipment. But if the district is essentially giving a pass to students who do not do their homework because of complicated family lives, it i
13、s going riskily close to the implication that standards need to be lowered for poor children. District administrators say that homework will still be a pat of schooling: teachers are allowed to assign as much of it as they want. But with homework counting for no more than 10% of their grades, studen
14、ts can easily skip half their homework and see vey little difference on their report cards. Some students might do well on state tests without completing their homework, but what about the students who performed well on the tests and did their homework? It is quite possible that the homework helped.
15、 Yet rather than empowering teachers to find what works best for their students, the policy imposes a flat, across-the-board rule. At the same time, the policy addresses none of the truly thorny questions about homework. If the district finds homework to be unimportant to its students academic achie
16、vement, it should move to reduce or eliminate the assignments, not make them count for almost nothing. Conversely, if homework does nothing to ensure that the homework students are not assigning more than they are willing to review and correct. The homework rules should be put on hold while the scho
17、ol board, which is responsible for setting educational policy, looks into the matter and conducts public hearings. It is not too late for L.A. Unified to do homework right. （分数：10.00）(1).It is implied in paragraph 1 that nowadays homework_. （分数：2.00）A.is receiving more criticismB.is no longer an edu
18、cational ritualC.is not required for advanced coursesD.is gaining more preferences(2).L.A.Unified has made the rule about homework mainly because poor students_. （分数：2.00）A.tend to have moderate expectations for their educationB.have asked for a different educational standardC.may have problems fini
19、shing their homeworkD.have voiced their complaints about homework(3).According to Paragraph 3,one problem with the policy is that it may_. （分数：2.00）A.discourage students from doing homeworkB.result in students indifference to their report cardsC.undermine the authority of state testsD.restrict teach
20、ers power in education(4).As mentioned in Paragraph 4, a key question unanswered about homework is whether_. （分数：2.00）A.it should be eliminatedB.it counts much in schoolingC.it places extra burdens on teachersD.it is important for grades(5).A suitable title for this text could be_. （分数：2.00）A.Wrong
21、Interpretation of an Educational PolicyB.A Welcomed Policy for Poor StudentsC.Thorny Questions about HomeworkD.A Faulty Approach to HomeworkText2 Pretty in pink: adult women do not rememer being so obsessed with the colour, yet it is pervasive in our young girls lives. Tt is not that pink is intrins
22、ically bad, but it is such a tiny slice of the rainbow and, though it may celebrate girlhood in one way, it also repeatedly and firmly fuses girls identity to appearance. Then it presents that connection, even among two-year-olds, between girls as not only innocent but as evidence of innocence. Look
23、ing around, I despaired at the singular lack of imagination about girls lives and interests. Girls attraction to pink may seem unavoidable, somehow encoded in their DNA, but according to Jo Paoletti, an associate professor of American Studies, it is not. Children were not colour-coded at all until t
24、he early 20th century: in the era before domestic washing machines all babies wore white as a practical matter, since the only way of getting clothes clean was to boil them. Whats more, both boys and girls wore what were thought of as gender-neutral dresses.When nursery colours were introduced, pink
25、 was actually considered the more masculine colour, a pastel version of red, which was associated with strength. Blue, with its intimations of the Virgin Mary, constancy and faithfulness, symbolised femininity. It was not until the mid-1980s, when amplifying age and sex differences became a dominant
26、 childrens marketing strategy, that pink fully came into its own, when it began to seem inherently attractive to girls, part of what defined them as female, at least for the first few critical years. I had not realised how profoundly marketing trends dictated our perception of what is natural to kin
27、s, including our core beliefs about their psychological development. Take the toddler. I assumed that phase was something experts developed after years of research into childrens behaviour: wrong. Turns out, acdording to Daniel Cook, a historian of childhood consumerism, it was popularised as a mark
28、eting trick by clothing manufacrurers in the 1930s. Trade publications counselled department stores that, in order to increase sales, they should create a “third stepping stone” between infant wear and older kids clothes. Tt was only after “toddler”became a common shoppers term that it evolved into
29、a broadly accepted developmental stage. Splitting kids, or adults,into ever-tinier categories has proved a sure-fire way to boost profits. And one of the easiest ways to segment a market is to magnify gender differences or invent them where they did not previously exist. （分数：10.00）(1).By saying “it
30、is.the rainbow“(Line 3, Para.1),the author means pink_. （分数：2.00）A.should not be the sole representation of girlhoodB.should not be associated with girls innocenceC.cannot explain girls lack of imaginationD.cannot influence girls lives and interests(2).According to Paragraph 2, which of the followin
31、g is true of colours？ （分数：2.00）A.Colours are encoded in girls DNA.B.Blue used to be regarded as the colour for girls.C.Pink used to be a neutral colour in symbolising genders.D.White is prefered by babies.(3).The author suggests that our perception of childrens psychological development was much inf
32、luenced by_. （分数：2.00）A.the marketing of products for childrenB.the observation of childrens natureC.researches into childrens behaviorD.studies of childhood consumption(4).We may learn from Paragraph 4 that department stores were advised to_. （分数：2.00）A.focus on infant wear and older kids clothesB.
33、attach equal importance to different gendersC.classify consumers into smaller groupsD.create some common shoppers terms(5).It can be concluded that girls attraction to pink seems to be_. （分数：2.00）A.clearly explained by their inborn tendencyB.fully understood by clothing manufacturersC.mainly imposed
34、 by profit-driven businessmenD.well interpreted by psychological expertsText 3 In 2010. a federal judge shook Americas biotech industry to its core. Companies had won patents for isolated DNA for decades-by 2005 some 20% of human genes were parented. But in March 2010 a judge ruled that genes were u
35、npatentable. Executives were violently agitated. The Biotechnology Industry Organisation (BIO)， a trade group， assured members that this was just a “preliminary step” in a longer battle. On July 29th they were relieved， at least temporarily. A federal appeals court overturned the prior decision， rul
36、ing that Myriad Genetics could indeed holb patents to two genss that help forecast a womans risk of breast cancer. The chief executive of Myriad， a company in Utah，said the ruling was a blessing to firms and patients alike. But as companies continue their attempts at personalised medicine， the court
37、s will remain rather busy. The Myriad case itself is probably not over Critics make three main arguments against gene patents： a gene is a product of nature， so it may not be patented； gene patents suppress innovation rather than reward it； and patents monopolies restrict access to genetic tests suc
38、h as Myriads. A growing number seem to agree.Last year a federal task-force urged reform for patents related to genetic tests. In October the Department of Justice filed a brief in the Myriad case， arguing that an isolated DNA molecule “is no less a product of nature. than are cotton fibres that hav
39、e been separated from cotton seeds. ” Despite the appeals courts decision， big questions remain unanswered. For example， it is unclear whether the sequencing of a whole genome violates the patents of indivi dual genes within it. The case may yet reach the Supreme Court. AS the industry advances ,how
40、ever,other suits may have an even greater panies are unlikely to file many more patents for human DNA molecules-most are already patented or in the public domain .firms are now studying how genes intcract,looking for correlations that might be used to determine the causes of disease or predict a dru
41、gs efficacy,companies are eager to win patents for connecting the dits,expaains hans sauer,alawyer for the BIO. Their success may be determined by a suit related to this issue, brought by the Mayo Clinic, which the Supreme Court will hear in its next term. The BIO rtcently held a convention which in
42、cluded seddions to coach lawyers on the shifting landscape for patents. Each meeting was packed. （分数：10.00）(1).it canbe learned from paragraph I that the biotech companies would like_ （分数：2.00）A.their executives to be activeB.judges to rule out gene patentingC.genes to be patcntablcD.the BIO to issu
43、e a warning(2).those who are against gene patents believe that_（分数：2.00）A.genetic tests are not reliableB.only man-made products are patentableC.patents on genes depend much on innovatiaonD.courts should restrict access to gene tic tests(3).according to hans sauer ,companies are eager to win patents
44、 for_（分数：2.00）A.establishing disease comelationsB.discovering gene interactionsC.drawing pictures of genesD.identifying human DNA(4).By saying “each meeting was packed”(line4,para6)the author means that _（分数：2.00）A.the supreme court was authoritativeB.the BIO was a powerful organizationC.gene patent
45、ing was a great concernD.lawyers were keen to attend conventiongs(5).generally speaking ,the authors attitude toward gene patenting is_（分数：2.00）A.criticalB.supportiveC.scornfulD.objectiveText 4 The great recession may be over, but this era of high joblessness is probably beginning. Before it ends, i
46、t will likely change the life course and character of a generation of young adults. And ultimately, it is likely to reshape our politics,our culture, and the character of our society for years. No one tries harder than the jobless to find silver linings in this national economic disaster. Many said
47、that unemployment, while extremely painful, had improved them in some ways; they had become less materialistic and more financially prudent; they were more aware of the struggles of others. In limited respects, perhaps the recession will leave society better off. At the very least, it has awoken us
48、from our national fever dream of easy riches and bigger houses, and put a necessary end to an era of reckless personal spending. But for the most part, these benefits seem thin, uncertain, and far off. In The Moral Consequences of Economic Growth, the economic historian Benjamin Friedman argues that
49、 both inside and outside the U.S. ,lengthy periods of economic stagnation or decline have almost always left society more mean-spirited and less inclusive, and have usually stopped or reversed the advance of rights and freedoms. Anti-immigrant sentiment typically increases, as does conflict between races and classes. Income inequality usually falls during a recession, but it has not shrunk in this one,. Indeed, this period of economic weakness may reinfo
