1、全国医学博士外语统一考试英语真题 2013年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、Part 1 ：Listening co(总题数：15，分数：15.00)A.A coughB.DiarrheaC.A feverD.VomitingA.TuberculosisB.RhinitisC.LaryngitisD.FluA.In his bag.B.By the lamp.C.In his house.D.No idea about where he left it.A.Hes nearly finished his work.B.He has to work for some
2、more time.C.He wants to leave now.D.He has trouble finishing his work.A.A patientB.A doctorC.A teacherD.A studentA.2.6B.3.5C.3.9D.136A.He is the head of the hospital.B.He is in charge of Pediatrics.C.He went out looking for Dan.D.He went to Michigan on business.A.He has got a fever.B.He is a talente
3、d skier.C.He is very rich.D.He is a real ski enthusiast.A.To ask local people for help.B.To do as Romans do only when in Rome.C.Try to act like the people from that culture.D.Stay with your country fellows.A.She married because of loneliness.B.She married a millionaire.C.She married for money.D.She
4、married for love.A.AspirantB.CourageousC.CautiousD.AmiableA.He was unhappy.B.He was feeling a bit unwell.C.He went to see the doctor.D.The weather was nasty.A.You may find many of them on the bookseller shelves.B.You can buy it from almost every bookstore.C.Its a very popular magazine.D.It doesnt se
5、ll very well.A.A general practitioner.B.A gynecologist.C.An orthopedistD.A surgeon.A.ChemotherapyB.RadiationC.InjectionsD.Surgery二、Section B(总题数：3，分数：15.00)A.It is a genetic disorder.B.It is a respiratory condition in pigs.C.It is an illness from birds to humans.D.It is a gastric ailment.A.Eating po
6、rk.B.Raising pigs.C.Eating chicken.D.Breeding birds.A.Running noseB.InappetenceC.Pains all overD.DiarrheaA.To stay from crowds.B.To see the doctor immediately.C.To avoid medications.D.To go to the nearby clinic.A.It is a debate.B.It is a TV program.C.It is a consultation.D.It is a workshop.A.About 1
7、0,000,000.B.About 1,000,000.C.About 100,000.D.About 10,000.A.A cocktail of vitamins.B.A cocktail of vitamins plus magnesium.C.The combination of vitamins A, C and E.D.The combination of minerals.A.The delicate structures of the inner ear.B.The inner ear cells.C.The eardrums.D.The inner ear ossicles.
8、A.General Motors.B.The United Auto Workers.C.NIHD.All of above.A.An industrial trial in Spain.B.Military trials in Spain and Sweden.C.Industrial trials in Spain and Sweden.D.A trial involving students at the University of Florida.A.The link between obesity and birth defects.B.The link between obesit
9、y and diabetes.C.The risk of birth abnormalities.D.The harmful effects of obesity.A.Neural tube defects.B.Heart problems.C.Cleft lip and palateD.DiabetesA.20 million.B.200 million.C.400 million.D.40 million.A.A weight-loss surgery.B.A balanced diet.C.A change of life style.D.More exercise.A.Why obes
10、ity can cause birth defects.B.How obesity may cause birth defects.C.Why obesity can cause diabetes.D.How obesity may cause diabetes.三、Part II Vocabulary (总题数：10，分数：5.00)16.Having a birds eye view from the helicopter, the vast pasture was _ with beautiful houses. （分数：0.50）A.overlappedB.segregatedC.in
11、tersectedD.interspersed17.As usual, Singapore Airlines will reduce trans-pacific capacity in _ seasons this year. （分数：0.50）A.sternB.slackC.sumptuousD.glamorous18.As to the living environment, bacterias needs vary, but most of them grow best in a slightly acid _. （分数：0.50）A.mechanismB.miniatureC.medi
12、umD.means19.Under an unstable economic environment, employers in the construction industry place great value on _ in hiring and laying off workers as their volumes of work wax and wane. （分数：0.50）A.flexibilityB.moralityC.capacityD.productivity20.In a stark _ of fortunes, the Philippines once Asias se
13、cond richest country recently had to beg Vietnam to sell its rice for its hungry millions. （分数：0.50）A.denialB.reversalC.intervalD.withdrawal21.Web portal Sohu has gone a step further and called for netizens to join in an all-out boycott of _ content. （分数：0.50）A.wholesomeB.contagiousC.vulgarD.stagnan
14、t22.Experts urge a reforesting of cleared areas, promotion of reduced-impact logging, and _ agriculture, to maintain the rain forest. （分数：0.50）A.sustainableB.renewableC.revivableD.merchandisable23.In the U.S., the Republicans doctrines were slightly liberal, whereas the Democrats were hardly _. （分数：
15、0.50）A.rationalB.radicalC.conservativeD.progressive24.Officials from the Department of Agriculture confirmed that the _ floods and drought this summer did not affect the countrys grain output. （分数：0.50）A.ripplingB.waningC.fluctuatingD.devastating25.It is believed that the Black Death, rampant in the
16、 Medieval Europe _, killed 1/3 of its population. （分数：0.50）A.at largeB.at randomC.on endD.on average四、Section B(总题数：10，分数：5.00)26.Christmas shoppers should be aware of the possible defects of the products sold at a discount. （分数：0.50）A.deficitsB.deviationsC.drawbacksD.discrepancies27.The goal of thi
17、s training program is to raise children with a sense of responsibility and necessary courage to be willing to take on challenges in life. （分数：0.50）A.despiseB.evadeC.demandD.undertake28.After “9.11”, the Olympic Games severely taxed the security services of the host country. （分数：0.50）A.improvedB.burd
18、enedC.inspectedD.tariffed29.The clowns performance was so funny that the audience, adults and children alike, were all thrown into convulsions. （分数：0.50）A.a fit of enthusiasmB.a scream of frightC.a burst of laughterD.a cry of anguish30.We raised a mortgage from Bank of China and were informed to pay
19、 it off by the end of this year. （分数：0.50）A.loanB.paymentC.withdrawalD.retrieval31.The advocates highly value the “sport spirit”, while the opponent devalue it, asserting that its a sheer hypocrisy and self-deception. （分数：0.50）A.fineB.suddenC.finiteD.absolute32.Whenever a rattlesnake is agitated, it
20、 begins to move its tail and make a rattling noise. （分数：0.50）A.irritatedB.tamedC.stampedD.probed33.The detective had an unusual insight into criminals tricks and knew clearly how to track them. （分数：0.50）A.inductionB.perceptionC.interpretationD.penetration34.My little brother practices the speech rep
21、eatedly until his delivery and timing were perfect. （分数：0.50）A.presentationB.gestureC.rhythmD.pronunciation35.In recent weeks both housing and stock prices have started to retreat from their irrationally amazing highs. （分数：0.50）A.untimelyB.unexpectedlyC.unreasonablyD.unconventionally五、Part III Cloze
22、 (10%)(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Video game players may get an unexpected benefit from blowing away bad guysbetter vision. Playing “action” video games improves a visual ability _51_ tasks like reading and driving at night, a new study says. The ability, called contrast sensitivity function, allows people to d
23、iscern even subtle changes _52_ gray against a uniformly colored backdrop. Its also one of the first visual aptitudes to fade with age. _53_ a regular regimen of action video game training can provide long-lasting visual power, according to work led by Daphne Bavelier of the University of Rochester.
24、 Previous research shows that gaming improves other visual skills, such as the ability to track several objects at the same time and _54_ attention to a series of fast-moving events. Bavelier said, “A lot of different aspects of the visual system are being enhanced, _55_.” The new work suggests that
25、 playing video games could someday become part of vision-correction treatments, which currently rely mainly on surgery or corrective lenses. “_56_ youve had eye surgery or get corrective lenses, exposing yourself to these games should help the optical system to recover faster and better, you need to
26、 retrain the brain to make use of the better, crisper information thats coming in _57_ your improved eyesight,” Bavelier said. Expert action gamers in the study played first-person shooters Unreal Tournament 2004 and Call of Duty 2. A group of experienced nonaction gamers played The Sims 2, a “life
27、simulation” video game. The players of nonaction video games didnt see the same vision _58_, the study says. Bavelier and others are now trying to figure out exactly why action games _59_ seem to sharpen visual skill. It may be that locating enemies and aiming accurately is a strenuous, strength-bui
28、lding workout for the eyes, she said. Another possible _60_ is that the unpredictable, fast-changing environment of the typical action game requires players to constantly monitor entire landscapes and analyze optical data quickly. （分数：10.00）A.crucial forB.available inC.resulting fromD.ascribed toA.i
29、n disguise ofB.in shades ofC.in search ofD.in place ofA.This is howB.Thats whyC.It is not thatD.There existsA.paidB.paysC.payD.payingA.thoughB.not to sayC.not just oneD.as wellA.UntilB.WhileC.UnlessD.OnceA.as opposed toB.in addition toC.as a result ofD.in spite ofA.benefitsB.defectsC.approachesD.ris
30、ksA.in caseB.in advanceC.in returnD.in particularA.effectB.reasonC.outcomeD.conclusion六、Part IV Reading Comp(总题数：6，分数：30.00)Passage one There is plenty we dont know about criminal behavior. Most crime goes unreported so it is hard to pick out trends from the data, and even reliable sets of statistic
31、s can be difficult to compare. But here is one thing we do know: those with a biological predisposition to violent behavior who are brought up in abusive homes are very likely to become lifelong criminals. Antisocial and criminal behavior tends to run in families, but no one was sure whether this wa
32、s due mostly to social-environmental factors or biological ones. It turns out both are important, but the effect is most dramatic when they act together. This has been illustrated in several studies over the past six years which found that male victims of child abuse are several times as likely to b
33、ecome criminals and abusers themselves if they were born with a less-active version of a gene for the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), which breaks down neurotransmitters crucial to the regulation of aggression. Researchers recently made another key observation: kids with this “double whammy” of
34、predisposition and an unfortunate upbringing are likely to show signs of whats to come at a very early age. The risk factors for long-term criminality attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, low IQ, language difficulties can be spotted in kindergarten. So given what we now know, shouldnt we be doi
35、ng everything to protect the children most at risk? No one is suggesting testing all boys to see which variant of the MAO-A gene they have, but what the science is telling us is that we should redouble efforts to tackle abusive upbringings, and even simple neglect. This will help any child, but espe
36、cially those whose biology makes them vulnerable. Thankfully there is already considerable enthusiasm in both the US and the UK for converting the latest in behavioral science into parenting and social skills: both governments have schemes in place to improve parenting in families where children are
37、 at risk of receiving poor care. Some people are uncomfortable with the idea of early intervention because it implies our behavior becomes “set” as we grow up, compromising the idea of free will. That view is understandable, but it would be negligent to ignore what the studies are telling us. Indeed
38、, the cost to society of failing to intervene in terms of criminal damage, dealing with offenders and helping victims of crime is bound to be greater than the cost of improving parenting. The value to the children is immeasurable. （分数：5.00）(1).Researchers have come to a consensus: to explain violent
39、 behavior _. （分数：1.00）A.in terms of physical environmentB.form a biological perspectiveC.based on the empirical dataD.in a statistical way(2).When we say that antisocial and criminal behavior tends to run in families, as indicated by the recent findings, we can probably mean that _. （分数：1.00）A.a par
40、ticular gene is passed on in familiesB.child abuse will lead to domestic violenceC.the male victims of child abuse will pass on the tendencyD.the violent predisposition is exclusively born of child abuse(3).The recent observation implicated that to check the development of antisocial and criminal be
41、havior _. （分数：1.00）A.boys are to be screened for the biological predispositionB.high-risk kids should be brought up in kindergartenC.it is important to spot the genes for the risk factorsD.active measures ought to be taken at an early age(4).To defend the argument against the unfavorable idea, the a
42、uthor makes it a point to consider _. （分数：1.00）A.the immeasurable value of the genetic research on behaviorB.the consequences of compromising democracyC.the huge cost of improving parenting skillsD.the greater cost of failing to intervene(5).Which of the following can be the best title for the passa
43、ge? （分数：1.00）A.Parenting Strategies for KidsB.The Making of a CriminalC.Parental EducationD.Abusive ParentingPassage two After 25 years battling the mother of all viruses, have we finally got the measure of HIV? Three developments featured in this issue collectively give grounds for optimism that wo
44、uld have been scarcely believable a year ago in the wake of another failed vaccine and continuing problems supplying drugs to all who need them. Perhaps the most compelling hope lies in the apparent “cure” of a man with HIV who had also developed leukemia. Doctors treated his leukemia with a bone ma
45、rrow transplant that also vanquished the virus. Now US Company Sangamo Biosciences is hoping to emulate the effect patients being cured with a single shot of gene therapy, instead of taking antiretroviral drugs for life. Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is itself another reason for optimism. Researchers
46、 at the World Health Organization have calculated that HIV could be effectively eradicated in Africa and other hard-hit places using existing drugs. The trick is to test everyone often, and give those who test positive ART as soon as possible. Because the drugs rapidly reduce circulating levels of t
47、he virus to almost zero, it would stop people passing it on through sex. By blocking the cycle of infection in this way, the virus could be virtually eradicated by 2050. Bankrolling such a long-term program would cost serious money initially around $3.5 billion a year in South Africa alone, ring to
48、$85 billion in total. Huge as it sounds, however, it is peanuts compared with the estimated $1.9 trillion cost of the Iraq war, or the $700 billion spent in one go propping up the US banking sector. It also look small beer compared with the costs of carrying on as usual, which the WHO says can only
49、lead to spiraling cases and costs. The final bit of good news is that the cost of ART could keep on falling. Last Friday, GlaxoSmithKline chairman Andrew Witty said that his company would offer all its medicines to the poorest countries for at least 25 per cent less than the typical price in rich countries. GSK has already been doing this for ART, but the hope is that the company may now offer it cheaper st
