1、中国科学院真题 2003年及答案解析(总分：105.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BPart Vocabula(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.The prisoner _ that he had assaulted a policeman.（分数：1.00）A.refusedB.deniedC.rejectedD.declined2.Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be _ controlled and modified.（分数：1.00）A.de
2、liberatelyB.consequentlyC.originallyD.absolutely3.“Do you like your boss?“ No, he is too _.（分数：1.00）A.in demandB.demandedC.on demandD.demanding4.If somebody is _, he is given a medal or other honor as an official reward for what he has done.（分数：1.00）A.confirmedB.decoratedC.appreciatedD.nominated5.Th
3、e _ now seems to stand as the primary barrier to a new era of strong economic growth.（分数：1.00）A.defectB.descentC.deficitD.defeat6.We argued that the sickness or crisis of capitalism was not at heart a technical matter, but a lack of legitimacy with _ to the system itself.（分数：1.00）A.respectB.concernC
4、.accordanceD.pertinence7.When there are not enough volunteers for the armed forces, the government _ additional men.（分数：1.00）A.revisesB.encouragesC.suspendsD.conscripts8.Ive worked with him now over the course of four years, I know him _.（分数：1.00）A.here and thereB.back and forthC.backwards and forwa
5、rdsD.now and then9.A scientific law is liable at any time to need modifying. This happens when a fact is discovered which seems to _ what the law would lead one to expect.（分数：1.00）A.proveB.supportC.contradictD.discourage10.I said that I could not commit myself as my academic time was not yet finishe
6、d, but I would like to be at their _ later.（分数：1.00）A.disposalB.guidanceC.assistanceD.supervision11.Yesterday you were acclaimed; today you are _. Isnt life full of ups and downs?（分数：1.00）A.laudedB.censuredC.savoredD.appraised12.The kitchen was small and _ so that the disabled woman could reach ever
7、ything without difficulty.（分数：1.00）A.completeB.complexC.compositeD.compact13.Nobody at work is very happy, because last weeks sales figures were pretty _.（分数：1.00）A.destroyingB.depressingC.deceasingD.declining14.In the morning Bernard was pale and his hand trembled too much even to lift his coffee c
8、up, _ butter his toast.（分数：1.00）A.as well asB.rather thanC.or elseD.let alone15.Why not try to follow their carefree example and _ your worries and woes?（分数：1.00）A.take awayB.leave outC.shrug offD.break through16.The amending treaty on European Union can become law only if there is _ agreement to th
9、is effect.（分数：1.00）A.overallB.unifiedC.overwhelmingD.unanimous17.The trouble is that various worldly pressures will make you more, not less, inclined to play it _.（分数：1.00）A.safeB.safelyC.to safetyD.in safety18.Children who are described as mildly mentally handicapped are often upset to hear themsel
10、ves described as such, and such terms as “children with learning difficulties“ are now _.（分数：1.00）A.at largeB.by useC.in vogueD.for change19.There are three bodies of writing that _ on this question and we will consider each in turn.（分数：1.00）A.bearB.liveC.countD.rely20.The suggested causes of a give
11、n phenomenon cannot always be independently observed, and so it is hard to _ the possibility of there being explanations alternative to the one proposed.（分数：1.00）A.account forB.rule outC.guard againstD.do with二、BPart Cloze Te(总题数：1，分数：15.00)BDirections:/B There are 15 questions in this part of the t
12、est. Read the passage through. Then, go back and choose one suitable word or phrase marked A, B, C or D for each blank in the passage. Mark the corresponding letter of the word or phrase you have chosen with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Acid rain leads
13、 to fish mortality. Many species of fish cannot survive in aquatic environments where the pH is below 5.0. If the water is too acid, the gill systems of many kinds of fish can be damaged.U (21) /U, the acid alters the blood chemistry of all fish. As a result, the fish population in an acidic environ
14、ment decreasesU (22) /Ubecomes extinct.Approximately 20 percent of the lakes in Scandinavia are without fish. Moreover, in Nova Scotia theU (23) /Usalmon industry may be threatened by the decrease of salmon in rivers and streams. The impact is alsoU (24) /Uin the waters of Ontario and Quebec, where
15、fish populations are (25) the decline.What potential remedies exist for the acid rainU (26) /U? The experts disagree. Some say new environmental laws should beU (27) /Uto control the emission of pollutants in the atmosphere. Some say that if we had known how serious acid rain was, we would have plan
16、nedU (28) /Uto prevent it.U (29) /U, all agree that if the consumption of fossil fuel were reduced, we would have less of a problem. AnotherU (30) /Uis that special scrubbers could be installed in smokestacks to remove a goodU (31) /Uof the pollutants before they get into the atmosphere. Other ideas
17、 even include breeding moreU (32) /Ufish. And research suggests that spreading lime into lakes may be effective inU (33) /Uacidity. In conclusion, it is clear that if we truly want to reduce the impact of acid rain, aU (34) /Uof remedies and international cooperation must be explored. It is a sad fa
18、ct that acid rain probably could have been avoided if weU (35) /Uwhat we know now.（分数：15.00）A.LikewiseB.BesidesC.ThusD.OtherwiseA.andB.thenC.henceD.orA.entireB.completeC.totalD.allA.imaginableB.understandableC.considerableD.unaccountableA.onB.toC.withD.atA.matterB.issueC.affairD.questionA.announcedB
19、.orderedC.imposedD.enactedA.fasterB.moreC.betterD.harderA.FurthermoreB.ConverselyC.AccordinglyD.NeverthelessA.possibilityB.perspectiveC.occurrenceD.opportunityA.pieceB.portionC.sectionD.segmentA.toleratedB.tolerantC.tolerableD.intolerantA.descendingB.decliningC.reducingD.relievingA.combinationB.alli
20、anceC.mixtureD.unionA.knowB.knewC.had knownD.have known三、BPart Reading (总题数：5，分数：30.00)BDirections:/B Below each of the following passages you will find some questions or incomplete statements. Each question or statement is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Read each passage carefully,
21、and then select the choice that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark the letter of your choice with a single bar across the square brackets on your Machine-scoring Answer Sheet.Passage 1States are considering major changes in prepaid college tuition programs - raising prices, r
22、estricting participation of canceling them - as they grapple with financial woes. Nationwide, families will likely have to pay more to participate, or accept that they might not cover tuition when children go to college.Colorado has closed its prepaid plan to new investors and told existing ones tha
23、t it may not cover future tuition increases. Wisconsin stopped selling its plan Dec. 20. Maryland and Illinois are among states hiking prices by 20% or more.Prepaid plans let parents lock in tuition by paying for it now, protecting them against rising costs. But the hear market has hurt investment r
24、eturns, leaving the plans unable to keep up with big increases in tuition. So far, Colorado is the only state that has told participants their investments may not cover tuition, and no plan has missed a payment.Other states have said they will fulfill obligations, even if it requires a legislative b
25、ailout. Still, the financial problems have forced thousands to grapple with uncertainty - something prepaid plans were designed to avoid. More than 1 million families have an estimated $ 8 billion invested in the plans, says Saving for College. com .Some states, including Colorado, may replace the p
26、repaid plan with a guaranteed investment contract, a CD-like investment thats backed by an insurance company. Investors get a minimum rate of return, but no guarantee that it will cover tuition.Wisconsins EdVest program is encouraging investment in a stable value fund, which is similar to a guarante
27、ed investment contract, in its investment plan. Wisconsins prepaid plan never guaranteed to cover tuition inflation. It also never got a lot of investors, possibly because it lacked that guarantee.In Florida, a task force is considering limiting the states prepaid program to low-income families. Ohi
28、o officials are also looking at limiting participation, but its a measure they hope to avoid. “Program administrators are looking for alternatives,“ says Andrea Feirstein, a state-plan consultant.Maryland recently boosted its prices by up to 30%; Illinois by up to 23%. The increases have made some p
29、repaid plans uneconomical for parents of older children. In Ohio, the price of one years tuition for a child over 12 months old is $ 8, 000, more than 40% above current tuition at Ohio State. SO it may not be a good deal for children starting college in three or four years because tuition may not ju
30、mp that much that fast.（分数：6.00）(1).Prepaid college tuition is generally designed on the principle that _.（分数：1.00）A.it is easy to pay at the present timeB.it is economical in the long runC.it saves pains to pass the entrance examD.it ensures the admission to the college(2).Many states plan to modif
31、y their prepaid college tuition programs _.（分数：1.00）A.under the mounting financial pressuresB.because of deficient college facilitiesC.to ease overcrowding problems in collegeD.to limit the participation of low-income families(3).The word “investors“ (in boldface in Paragraph 2) most exactly refers
32、to those who _.（分数：1.00）A.serve as the main source of finance to the stateB.invest money in developing local collegesC.sponsor colleges and their educational programsD.join the plan and pay the tuition in advance(4).Colorado now has told participants in the prepaid tuition plan that _.（分数：1.00）A.the
33、y would not have to make any other payment laterB.they would not be guaranteed against further paymentC.the plan would cover further tuition increasesD.the plan would be replaced by a guaranteed investment contract(5).The expression “a CD-like investment“ (in boldface in Paragraph 5) most probably r
34、efers to an investment _.（分数：1.00）A.to support civil defenseB.put in producing compact discC.to promote show industryD.like certificate deposit(6).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that in Ohio _.（分数：1.00）A.prepaid plans require a participation at most 3 or 4 years before starting collegeB.
35、children may start college 3 or 4 years earlier than at a normal age if they prepay tuitionC.college tuition 3 or 4 years later may not be so high as todays price of prepaid tuitionD.the younger a child to join the plan, the greater loss he/she will suffer at the age for collegePassage 2Potentially
36、offering a powerful new tool against terrorism, researchers have found a novel way to detect deception: in the liars blushing face.The technique, described in the journal, Nature, uses a thermal camera to detect sudden, involuntary shifts of blood flow in the face. The system performed as accurately
37、 as a traditional polygraph, the scientists report.Yet the camera can provide answers instantly, and does not require a highly trained specialist to operate it or interpret its results. This makes it far better suited than the polygraph for a new, high-tech approach to security that is already raisi
38、ng the hackles of civil libertarians: the screening of large numbers of citizens, at airports and other sensitive areas, who have done nothing wrong.“The next decade is going to see the development of truly accurate lie detectors,“ said Stephen M. Kosslyn, an expert on detecting lies and a professor
39、 of psychology at Harvard University.The prototype, built by researchers at the Mayo Clinic and Honeywell Laboratories in Minnesota, is at least 2 years from being ready for general use. But other scientists said the discovery of previously unknown physiological changes in the face was itself an imp
40、ortant step forward.“This is potentially very important work, which may open a new window on the mind,“ said Kosslyn.Pushed by technological advances, and with fresh interest, since Sept. 11, the discovery is part of a boom in the scientific study of deceit and its detection. Although the lie remain
41、s a mysterious phenomenon, researchers in recent years have found a number of new approaches that might replace the polygraph, from brain scans, to subtle changes in eye movement, to sparks of electrical activity that signal a person has seen a victim or a crime scene before.The new finding, though,
42、 is remarkable for its simplicity. When a person tells a lie, the team found, there is a sudden rush of blood to the area around the eyes, according to the Mayo Clinics Dr. James A. Levine. Although the change is not: ordinarily visible, the blood warms the skin, causing hands of color to appear thr
43、ough a camera sensitive to heat.The team devised a computer program that can identify the telltale changes based on the camera images. In testing at the US Department of Defense Polygraph Institute, which trains federal polygraph examiners, the device performed better than polygraphs, with 85 percen
44、t accuracy compared with 70 percent for the polygraph.（分数：6.00）(1).Compared with a traditional polygraph a thermal camera _.（分数：1.00）A.can show accurate resultsB.can easily be handled by anybodyC.is a high-tech approach to securityD.is used to fight against terrorism(2).The phrase “raising the hackl
45、es of“ (in boldface in Paragraph 3) most probably means _.（分数：1.00）A.arousing someones interestB.giving someone high priorityC.drawing someones attentionD.making someone feel very angry(3).A thermal camera is expected to detect deception by _.（分数：1.00）A.showing the physiological changes in the liars
46、 faceB.scanning the liars brain and his/her whole bodyC.catching the sudden movements of the liars eyesD.screening the sudden rush of the bars blood pressure(4).With respect to the advances in studying lie detection scientists think highest of _.（分数：1.00）A.simplifying the entire process of detection
47、B.the mechanic design of thermal camerasC.substituting new approaches for polygraphD.the discovery that one blushes while telling lies(5).It can safely be inferred that Sept. 11 _.（分数：1.00）A.confirmed the failure of polygraph in detecting deceptionB.made Americans begin to know about lie detectionC.
48、gave a spur to the study of lie detection in the United StatesD.triggered Americas development of lie detectors(6).According to the passage thermal cameras _.（分数：1.00）A.have yet to be put to general useB.have proved successful since 2 years agoC.have to undergo tests at least half a yearD.have been playing a dominant role in lie detectionPassage 3Of late, there have been several posts suggesting that America has no culture or that what culture it has is somehow inferior to that of other societies. Of course, it cannot be both. To suggest that America has, in some
