1、中国科学院博士考试英语真题 2010 年及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：180 分钟)一、PART VOCABULARY(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.Because of_reviews, the producer announced that the play will close with tonights performance. （分数：1.00）A.adjacentB.adequateC.adhesiveD.adverse2.Please dont interrupt me. If you have something to say, _your comment u
2、ntil I have finished speaking. （分数：1.00）A.withdrawB.witherC.withholdD.withstand3.The organ transplant community has_humans and monkeys for ethical reasons. （分数：1.00）A.knocked outB.bailed outC.pointed outD.ruled out4.Did the entertainer prepare his jokes before the program, or_them as he went along?
3、（分数：1.00）A.envisageB.visualizeC.improviseD.mediate5.This _ is a national prize and is awarded for the best score by a player under 16 years of age. （分数：1.00）A.trophyB.treatC.trifleD.tribute6.Editors do think explicitly about timing and they are not motivated merely to be the first to print an exciti
4、ng news story: they keep stories until the time is_ （分数：1.00）A.promptB.ripeC.enoughD.punctual7.His short_in the living room had been long enough to keep him awake now. （分数：1.00）A.doveB.doseC.doleD.doze8.Suddenly one of the leaves begins to fly in a strong wind; the leaf is really no leaf at all-its
5、an insect _ as a leaf. （分数：1.00）A.maskedB.disguisedC.repressedD.assumed9.Some children have amazed the world since their birth with their incredible intellect and abilities which can _ at times the brightest of adults. （分数：1.00）A.outdoB.overtakeC.contendD.enhance10.When buying food, consumers are us
6、ually in a hurry, so they dont often_ descriptions for motivating them to make a choice. （分数：1.00）A.cover upB.get inC.go afterD.linger over11.Millions of people died in the 14th century as the result of a (an) _ known as the Black Death. （分数：1.00）A.epidemicB.antibioticsC.pharmacyD.contamination12.Wh
7、ile this arrangement was a major improvement over its _, it still had drawbacks. （分数：1.00）A.premiumB.prevalenceC.premiseD.predecessor13.The prime ministers proposal for new taxes created such a(n)_that his government fell. （分数：1.00）A.sensationB.upheavalC.withdrawalD.outbreak14._sleep is crucial to t
8、he health of adults, new research suggests that lack of sleep may affect teens health, too. （分数：1.00）A.Just asB.As long asC.Despite thatD.No matter how15.He plans to_on hand surgery until September in hopes of winning his first gold medal in the Beijing Olympics. （分数：1.00）A.hold forthB.hold outC.hol
9、d offD.hold down16.To_American dollars into foreign currency, multiply the amount by the rate of exchange. （分数：1.00）A.computeB.conveyC.convictD.convert17.The step was announced by the secretary of state in person and given maximum_ （分数：1.00）A.publicationB.publicityC.propagandaD.promotion18.It is onl
10、y with further evolution and refinement that health plan report cards can _ their potential and become a distinctive and useful tool. （分数：1.00）A.shed light onB.put up withC.look forward toD.live up to19.In my twenties, I was_ to anxiety and depression, which I experienced as a depletion of my self-e
11、steem. （分数：1.00）A.inclinedB.accountableC.proneD.poised20.Teachers complain that children _these tests without being able to write a decent essay, solve a multi-step math problem or construct a framework. （分数：1.00）A.look throughB.carry throughC.sail throughD.put through二、PART CLOZE TEST(总题数：1，分数：15.0
12、0)Time for another global-competitiveness alert. In the Third International Mathematics and Science Study-which last year tested a half-million students in 41 countries- American eighth graders 21 below the world average in math. And thats not even 22 part. Consider this as you try to 23 which count
13、ries will dominate the technology markets of the 21st century: the top 10 percent of Americas math students scored about the same as the average kid in the global 24 , Singapore. It isnt exactly a news flash these days 25 Americans score behind the curve on international tests. But educators say thi
14、s study is 26 because it monitored variables both inside and outside the classroom. Laziness- the factor often 27 for Americans poor performance-is not the culprit here. American students 28 spend more time in class than pupils in Japan and Germany. 29 , they get more homework and watch the same amo
15、unt of TV. The problem, educators say, is not the kids but a curriculum that is too 30 . The study found that lessons for U.S. eighth graders contained topics mastered by seventh graders in other countries. Teachers actually agree that Americans need to 31 their kids to more sophisticated math earli
16、er. Unfortunately, experts say, the teachers dont recognize that 32 these concepts are taught is as important as the concepts themselves. Most educators rely 33 on textbooks and rote learning (死记硬背) . While many textbooks cover 34 ideas, most do so superficially, 35 students with the techniques but
17、not the mastery of the broader principles. （分数：15.00）A.recordedB.gainedC.climbedD.scoredA.the leastB.the worstC.the lessD.the worseA.figure outB.carry outC.count upD.show upA.villageB.leaderC.friendD.countryA.whatB.whereC.whenD.whichA.importantB.ineffectiveC.comparableD.delightfulA.ignoredB.blamedC.
18、exaggeratedD.viewedA.vastlyB.accuratelyC.actuallyD.merelyA.To beginB.As is knownC.Not only thatD.Even soA.easyB.smallC.shortD.poorA.relateB.exposeC.leadD.instructA.whereB.whyC.howD.whetherA.hardB.intentionallyC.consequentlyD.exclusivelyA.advancedB.colorfulC.controversialD.ambitiousA.carryingB.leavin
19、gC.expectingD.shaping三、Part Reading Compr(总题数：5，分数：30.00)Passage One Most people lie in everyday conversation when they are trying to appear likable and competent, according to a study conducted by University of Massachusetts psychologist Robert S. Feldman. The study found that lies told by men and
20、women differ in content, though not in quantity. Feldman said the results showed that men do not lie more than women or vice versa, but that men and women lie in different ways. “Women were more likely to lie to make the person they were talking to feel good, while men lied most often to make themse
21、lves look better,“ Feldman said. A group of 121 pairs of undergraduate UMass students were recruited to participate in the study. They were told that the purpose of the study was to examine how people interact when they meet someone new. Participants were told they would have a 10-minute conversatio
22、n with another person. Some participants were told to try to make themselves appear likable. Others were told to appear competent. A third, control group was not directed to present themselves in any particular way. Participants were unaware that the session was being videotaped through a hidden cam
23、era. At the end of the session, participants were told they had been videotaped and consent was obtained to use the video-recordings for research. The students were then asked to watch the video of themselves and identify any inaccuracies in what they had said during the conversation. They were enco
24、uraged to identify all lies, no matter how big or small. Feldman said the students who participated in the study were surprised at their own results. “When they were watching themselves on videotape, people found themselves lying much more than they thought they had,“ Feldman said. The lies the stud
25、ents told varied considerably, according to Feldman. Some were relatively minor, such as agreeing with the person with whom they were speaking that they liked someone when they really did not. Others were more extreme, such as falsely claiming to be the star of a rock band. “It so easy to lie,“ Feld
26、man said. “We teach our children that honesty is the best policy, but we also tell them its polite to pretend they like a birthday gift theyve been given. Kids get a very mixed message regarding the practical aspects of lying, and it has an impact on how they behave as adults.“ （分数：6.00）(1).Accordin
27、g to Feldmans study, men and women tell lies which differ in_. （分数：1.00）A.the purpose to achieveB.the amount of time takenC.the place of their occurrenceD.the people theyre meant for(2).Paragraph 2 implies that_ （分数：1.00）A.women wish to be unrestrainedB.women wish to be charmingC.men wish to be impr
28、essiveD.men wish to be perceptive(3).Before the study of the interactions, two groups of participants were told_ （分数：1.00）A.what they should discussB.whom they should talk toC.how they should behaveD.how fast they should speak(4).From the participants response to the videotape, it can be said that t
29、hey could hardly_ （分数：1.00）A.believe they had told liesB.tell where they had liedC.agree to make the tape publicD.tolerate their having been videotaped(5).Which word best describes the way the participants told lies, as observed by Feldman during the study? （分数：1.00）A.HesitantB.NaturalC.EmbarrassedD
30、.Hasty(6).Feldman felt that the ideas told to the children about lie-telling were very_ （分数：1.00）A.insincereB.groundlessC.irresponsibleD.confusingPassage Two Modern Japan, despite its ready adoption of Western manners, is in things theatrical still faithful to the ancient feudal day. It is true that
31、 within the last few years, the old school drama has to some extent lost ground, and quite recently performances of Shakespeares Othello and Hamlet, and Daudets Sappho have been received with favor by Tokyo audiences. The explanation of this curious survival of the old form of play, at a time when a
32、ll Japan is eagerly imitating the foreigner, is undoubtedly to be found in the peculiar customs of the country. The progressive Japanese finds it easier to change his mode of dress than to reform habits bred in the bone. The old plays, lasting, as they formerly did, from early morning until nearly m
33、idnight, just suited the Japanese play-goer, who, when he does go to the theatre, makes an all-day affair of it. Indeed, theatre-going in Japan is a very serious matter, and not to be entered upon lightly or without due preparation. Recently Sada Yoko and Oto Kawakami, who learned a good deal in the
34、ir foreign travels, introduced the comparatively short evening performance of three or four hours, an innovation which was at once welcomed by the better class of people. But the new arrangement found little favor with the general public, and particular indignation was aroused in the bosom of the Ja
35、panese Matinee Girl who loves to sit in the theatre as long as possible and weep over the play. For, to the young gentlewoman, the theatre is essentially the place for weeping. Japanese girls are extremely sentimental, and a play without tear-provoking situations would not appeal to them in the leas
36、t. The Japanese women are passionately devoted to the drama. It is usual for a party to book a box through a tea house connected with the theatre and at the same time make arrangements for what refreshments they wish served. The Japanese maiden makes the most elaborate preparations days beforehand.
37、To be at the theatre on time, playgoers must rise with the sun, and all their meals, including breakfast, are eaten in the tiny box in the playhouse. It is not an easy task to reach ones seats and once the family has settled down, nothing but a catastrophe would induce it to leave its box. The women
38、 chew candy and the men freely drink sake as the play goes on. （分数：6.00）(1).Paragraph 1 stresses the idea that the general public in Tokyo_（分数：1.00）A.favors Shakespeares masterpiecesB.enjoys Japanese old school dramaC.appreciates Western classic theatreD.likes performances of foreign styles(2).The p
39、eculiar custom of Japan is_ （分数：1.00）A.making progressive changes in lifeB.enjoying dressing in the latest fashionC.spending all day watching a dramaD.wearing formal clothes at the theatre(3).The emphasized difference between the Japanese play form and the foreign one is in_ （分数：1.00）A.the lengthB.t
40、he costumeC.the actingD.the innovation(4).The Japanese Matinee Girl would most likely favor a play that centers on_ （分数：1.00）A.the childhood of a naughty boyB.the honeymoon of a young coupleC.the trial of a serial murdererD.the misfortunes of a big family(5).As playgoers, compared with Japanese men,
41、 Japanese women seem to be all the more_ （分数：1.00）A.lighthearted about going to the theatreB.emotionally involved with the playC.fond of eating food as the play goesD.experienced in booking a play ticket(6).While watching a drama in the theatre box, the family would most UNLIKELY_ （分数：1.00）A.go out
42、for a drinkB.go to the restroomC.chat about the actorsD.show their inner feelingsPassage Three Ever since the 1750s, when the writer, satirist, statesman and inventor Benjamin Franklin put political cartooning on the map by publishing the first cartoon of the genre in America, artists have combined
43、their talent, wit and political beliefs to create cartoons that enrage, enlighten or simply engage the viewer. A picture may paint a thousand words, but a cartoon provokes, protests and entertains all at once. It is this that makes cartoonists so valuable and influential in times of crisis. Today, t
44、hat crisis is climate change, and clever imagery can give new impetus to our struggle to combat global warming. The organizers of Earthworks 2008, a global cartoon competition, believe that art and humor are simple ways to get the environmental message across. “We set up the competition to give cart
45、oonists around the world a platform on which to express themselves,“ says John Renard, one of the Earthworks organizers. “We hoped the competition would stimulate cartoonists to use their pens and wit to help combat environmental devastation and give new impetus to our desperate fight to stop global
46、 warming,“ he says. “After all, humor is often a valuable key in the struggle to win hearts and minds.“ But despite the sharp wit that pervades the cartoons, climate change is no laughing matter for their creators. The 50 or so countries from which the 600 competition entries were sent are all suffe
47、ring the effects of global warming, some more dramatically than others. Two cartoons were sent from Burma, where in May this year a tropical storm tore through five regions along the western coast, killing at least 100,000 people, and leaving millions more without shelter, food, or clean water. Alth
48、ough governments around the world are reluctant to suggest, officially, that the disaster in Burma is a direct result of global warming, theres little doubt that it will have added to the tropical storms destructive power. Studies published in the journals Nature and Science have demonstrated a link
49、 between rising sea temperatures and increased wind-speed of tropical storms and hurricanes, and even US-government-funded organizations such as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration admit that a warming of the global climate will affect the severity of storms. “Experiencing first-hand the catastrophic effects of climate change allowed these artists to give their cartoons a special sharpness,“ sa
