1、中国社会科学院考博英语-3 及答案解析(总分：71.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Part Vocabulary(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section A(总题数：15，分数：13.50)1.The child was so ingenuous that even when she knocked the television off its stand so that it was irreparably damaged, her parents thought her to be charming（分数：0.50）A.intelligentB.ingeniousC.adroit
2、D.naive2.Nothing is less sensible than the advice of the Duke of Cambridge who is to be reported to have said: “Any change, at any time, for any reason is to be deplored .“（分数：1.00）A.emulatedB.ridiculedC.complicatedD.lamented3.She actually preferred a more gregarious urban life style and the cultura
3、l attractions in a warmer clime.（分数：1.00）A.tranquilB.sociableC.inactiveD.undisturbed4.A rapid portfolio turnover rate may preclude low long-term capital gains.（分数：0.50）A.prohibitB.lagC.preventD.reject5.The music indicates the way in which Mozart was developing his ideas in 1773 as he attempted to sh
4、ake off his reputation as a child prodigy and be taken seriously as a composer.（分数：1.00）A.bedlamiteB.betrayerC.geniusD.jailor6.Cancer cells destroy not only all rival cells, in their ruthless biological warfare, but also destroy the larger organizationthe body itselfsigning their own suicide warrant
5、.（分数：1.00）A.refinedB.randomC.mercilessD.perpetual7.Every modern government, liberal or otherwise, has a specific position in the field of ideas; its stability is vulnerable to critics in proportion to their ability and persuasiveness.（分数：1.00）A.futileB.susceptibleC.feasibleD.flexible8.War is the soc
6、ial cancer of mankind. It is a pernicious form of ignorance, for it destroys not only its “enemies“, but also the whole superstructure of what it is a partand thus eventually it defeats itself.（分数：1.00）A.banefulB.optimalC.paradoxicalD.perilous9.In many simple organisms, including bacteria and variou
7、s protests, the life cycle is completed within a single generation: an organism begins with the fission of an existing individual; the new organism grows to maturity; and it then splits into two new individuals, thus completing the cycle.（分数：1.00）A.splitB.fusionC.explosionD.modification10.The judge
8、remained sober despite the lawyer“s ludicrous attempt to prove the defendant“s innocence. A. sad B. sorry C: serious D. surprised （分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.11.Many feel Kennedy“s commitment was a desperate political maneuver to lift himself out of the calamity of the Bay of Pigs.（分数：1.00）A.limelightB.ployC.b
9、idD.threshold12.The epic is possible because America is an idea as much as it is a country. America has nothing to do with allegiance to a dynasty and very little to do with allegiance to a particular place, but everything to do with allegiance to a set of principles.（分数：1.00）A.convictionB.loyaltyC.
10、conversionD.component13.Cancer cells destroy not only all rival cells, in their ruthless biological warfare, but also destroy the larger organizationthe body itselfsigning their own suicide warrant.（分数：1.00）A.refinedB.randomC.mercilessD.perpetual14.The playwright“s parliamentary career was notable f
11、or his eloquent speeches made in opposition to the British war against the American colonies, in support of the new French Republic, and in denunciation of the British colonial administrator Warren Hastings.（分数：1.00）A.sycophancyB.condemnationC.gratificationD.menace15.Lee Ford and Dan Brooks, a Londo
12、n-based creative and development team, came up with an “edgy“ Volkswagen spot for a demo: a terrorist tries to detonate a car bomb outside a crowded caf.（分数：1.00）A.igniteB.stainC.impedeD.ascribe三、Section B(总题数：15，分数：12.50)16.Because of her dual nationality in the United States and Mexico, Maria was
13、almost required to pay taxes in both countries until her accountant _ with a satisfactory solution for both countries.（分数：0.50）A.interceptedB.interactedC.interpretedD.intervened17.The 1982 Oil and Gas Act gives power to permit the disposal of assets held by the Corporation. And _ the Corporation“s s
14、tatutory monopoly in the supply of gas for fuel purposes so as to permit private companies to compete in this supply.（分数：1.00）A.defersB.curtailsC.triggersD.sparks18.None of these is an end in itself. They are tentative, experimental. They are movements not towards something definite but away from so
15、mething definite.（分数：1.00）A.assuranceB.expedientsC.awarenessD.doubts19.Little boys seem to enjoy _ train sets more than little girls.（分数：0.50）A.captureB.departureC.fixtureD.miniature20.In New Orleans, meanwhile, the dredging of channels has _ huge amounts of marshland.（分数：1.00）A.compromisedB.prolife
16、ratedC.producedD.modified21.Balancing the budget or reforming welfare has individual winners and losers. But when no trade association or advocacy coalition stands to win or lose, beliefs about what“s best have a better chance to _.（分数：1.00）A.skipB.precedeC.conspireD.prevail22.Business travelers may
17、 grumble about moving to the back of the Airbus, but in the air and on the ground, special deals _ for those who are willing to lower their sights.（分数：1.00）A.aboundB.indulgeC.permeateD.revive23.He doesn“t know much about politics, but he“s always shooting off his mouth about how good he is. He is so
18、mewhat of a/an _.（分数：1.00）A.dogmatistB.adventurerC.braggartD.humbler24.According to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development in 1995, the wealthiest 10 percent of the population received 30.9 percent of the income, while the poorest 10 received only 2.2 percent. Such _ in income and
19、 wealth are found in both cities and rural areas.（分数：1.00）A.identicalnessB.disparitiesC.egalitarianismD.curmudgeons25.A stateless young man may have felt _ after having been denied asylum and right of residence by many countries.（分数：0.50）A.intriguedB.initiatedC.indicatedD.intimidated26.A stateless y
20、oung man may have felt _ after having been denied asylum and right of residence by many countries.（分数：0.50）A.intriguedB.initiatedC.indicatedD.intimidated27.Most of the waiters are _ in their work because the owner of the restaurant does not pay them on time.（分数：0.50）A.rackB.tackC.slackD.stack28.From
21、 the time of the Greeks to the Great War, medicine“s job was simple: to struggle with _ diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain.（分数：1.00）A.immortalB.immuneC.lethalD.toxic29.In North Dakota, which had barely an inch of rain in four months, there was no grass for cat
22、tle. Farmers tramped their dusty fields, watching their dwarfed stand of grain shrivel and _.（分数：1.00）A.surviveB.wailC.perishD.swell30.The slogan “scientific truth is a matter of social authority“ has become dogma to many academic interest groups who have been _ themselves to substitute their author
23、ity for that of the practicing scientists.（分数：1.00）A.grudgingB.exertingC.swarmingD.detesting四、Part Grammar(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Section A(总题数：8，分数：8.00)31.That was a man-made disaster that clearly _ if the federal government, specifically the Federal Emergency Management Agency, had quickly marshaled the
24、 political resources to evacuate those without access to cars, instead of promoting on its Web site a faith-based charity that was clearly no match for the problem.（分数：1.00）A.could have been avertedB.should have just avertedC.would have not really avertedD.could have not averted32.If I keep this oat
25、h faithfully, may I enjoy my life and practice my art, _ by all men and in all times; but if I swerve from it or violate it, may the reverse be my lot.（分数：1.00）A.being respectedB.respectingC.respectfullyD.respected33._, a product should have beauty of line, color, proportion, and texture; high effic
26、iency and safety of operation; convenience or comfort in use; ease of maintenance and repair, durability; and expression of function in terms of form.（分数：1.00）A.Under a large quantity of prevailing criteria of designB.By a large sum of severe criterion set by the associationC.According to a large am
27、ount of the industrial criteriaD.With a number of ultimate criterion laid down by the union34.Perhaps all societies (are significantly more advanced) than our own have achieved an effective personal immortality and lose the motivation for interstellar gallivanting, which (may), (for all we know), (b
28、e) a typical urge only of adolescent civilizations.（分数：1.00）A.are significantly more advancedB.mayC.for all we knowD.be35.Over and over in War of the Worlds, he evokes the sensation, more familiar from dreams than movies,_ an otherworldly entity, glimpsed from a great distance, _ suddenly, violently
29、 clawing its way into your personal space.（分数：1.00）A.that, isB.is, whichC.that, beingD.which, being36.Society is a (joint-stock) company, in which the members agree, (for) the better (securing of )bread for each shareholder, (to surrender to) the liberty and culture of each individual.（分数：1.00）A.joi
30、nt-stockB.forC.securing ofD.to surrender to37.Most studies focus on remarkably precise slivers of human emotions. One study at Allegheny University in Pennsylvania found that the tendency for a person to throw dishes or slam doors when he is angry is 40 percent heritable, _ the likelihood a person w
31、ill yell in anger is only 28 percent heritable.（分数：1.00）A.andB.thatC.yetD.while38.Few people have the time that is required to master a “full“ knowledge of a foreign language and _ still would be to make the much practical use of such a language.（分数：1.00）A.moreB.lessC.muchD.fewer六、Section B(总题数：7，分数
32、：7.00)39.Freeman and slave, patrician and plebeian , lord and serf, guild-master and journeyman, in a word, oppressor and oppressing , stood in constant opposition to one another, carried on an uninterrupted , now hidden, now open fight, a fight that each time ended, either in a revolutionary re-con
33、stitution of society at large, or in the common rain of the contending classes.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.40.A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time; if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and t
34、he language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language as other people“s.（分数：1.00）A.by being correctedB.correctedC.the differenceD.as other people“s41._ how the immature brain prevents seizure-induced cell injury or death could lead to new methods to reduce
35、 or prevent seizure damage in adults.（分数：1.00）A.To understandB.To be understoodC.Having been understoodD.Understanding42.Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed and perhaps never before it“s served so much to connect different peoples and nations as in the rec
36、ent events in Europe.（分数：1.00）A.by whichB.it“s servedC.peoples and nationsD.as43.Inductive reasoning involves making useful generalization about the environment as a whole , based on a necessarily limited number of observations. As so , it is an important tool that people use to build the models of
37、reality they need to function effectively. While conclusions can be wrong if observations are faulty or are drawn from an unrepresentative sample, if properly used, it can be incredibly powerful.（分数：1.00）A.as a wholeB.As soC.use toD.While44.Money, time and health concerns loom largely in the poll of
38、 more than 1,100 women who have at least one living parent . About 20 % said they were very happy. More than half of the women were concerned about an elderly relative“s health. Those who had sick relatives were much more likely to feel depressed and to worry about having enough time for family memb
39、er.（分数：1.00）A.loom largely in the poll of more than 1,100 women who have at least one living parentB.an elderly relative“sC.worry aboutD.having enough time45.The relationship between corpulence and disease remains controversial, although statistics clearly _ reduced life expectancy chronic obesity.（
40、分数：1.00）A.associate a toB.associates a withC.associates toD.associate a with七、Part Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：7.50)I have observed that the Americans show a less decided taste for general ideas than the French. This is especially true in politics. Although the Americans infus
41、e into their legislation far more general ideas than the English, and although they strive more than the latter to adjust the practice of affairs to theory, no political bodies in the United States have ever shown so much love for general ideas as the Constituent Assembly and the Convention in Franc
42、e. At no time has the American people laid hold on ideas of this kind with the passionate energy of the French people in the eighteenth century, or displayed the same blind confidence in the value and absolute truth of any theory. This difference between the Americans and the French originates in se
43、veral causes, but principally in the following one. The Americans are a democratic people who have always directed public affairs themselves. The French are a democratic people who for a long time could only speculate on the best manner of conducting them. The social condition of the French led them
44、 to conceive very general ideas on the subject of government, while their political constitution prevented them from correcting those ideas by experiment and from gradually detecting their insufficiency; whereas in America the two things constantly balance and correct each other. It may seem at firs
45、t sight that this is very much opposed to what I have said before, that democratic nations derive their love of theory from the very excitement of their active life. A more attentive-examination will show that there is nothing contradictory in the proposition. Men living in democratic countries eage
46、rly lay hold of general ideas because they have but little leisure and because these ideas spare them the trouble of studying particulars. This is true, but it is only to be understood of those matters which are not the necessary and habitual subjects of their thoughts. Mercantile men will take up v
47、ery eagerly, and without any close scrutiny, all the general ideas on philosophy, politics, science, or the arts which may be presented to them; but for such as relate to commerce, they will not receive them without inquiry or adopt them without reserve. The same thing applies to statesman with rega
48、rd to general ideas in politics. If, then, there is a subject upon which a democratic people is peculiarly liable to abandon itself, blindly and extravagantly, to general ideas, the best corrective that can be used will be to make that subject a part of their daily practical occupation. They will th
49、en be compelled to enter into details, and the details will teach them the weak points of the theory. This remedy may frequently be a painful one, but its effect is certain. Thus it happens that the democratic institutions which compel every citizen to take a practical part in the government moderate that excessive taste for general theories in polities which the principle of equality suggests. Comprehension questions（分数：7.50）(1).According to the writer, what kinds of
