1、中医综合-中药学(四)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Advances in computers and data networks inspire visions of a future “information economy“ in which everyone will have (1) to gigabytes of all kinds of information anywhere and anytime. (2) information has always been a (3) dif
2、ficult commodity to deal with, and, in some ways, computers and high-speed networks make the problems of buying, (4) , and distributing information goods worse (5) better. The evolution of the Internet itself (6) serious problems. (7) the Internet has been privatized, several companies are (8) to pr
3、ovide the backbones that will carry traffic (9) local networks, but (10) business models for interconnectionwho pays how much for each packet (11) , for examplehave (12) to be developed. (13) interconnection standards are developed that make (14) cheap and easy to transmit information across indepen
4、dent networks, competition will (15) . If technical or economic (16) make interconnection difficult, (17) transmitting data across multiple networks is expensive or too slow, the (18) suppliers can offer a significant performance (19) ; they may be able to use this edge to drive out competitors and
5、(20) the market.（分数：10.00）(1).A admission B access C right D command（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).A Because B Though C But D If（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).A distinctly B notoriously C well-known D especially（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).A manufacturing B selling C allotting D purchasing（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).A more than B les
6、s than C than D rather than（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).A poses B produces C makes D brings（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).A Provided that B In that C Now that D Given that（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).A competing B struggling C fighting D contending（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).A through B in C on D between（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).A imag
7、inable B credible C workable D tangible（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).A transmitted B transferred C transformed D transported（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).A but B yet C still D then（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).A If B Because C Though D For（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(14).A that B what C it D which（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(15).A prosper B imp
8、rove C promote D flourish（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(16).A elements B factors C ingredients D components（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(17).A so that B for that C in that D except that（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(18).A biggest B vastest C largest D greatest（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(19).A benefit B drawback C profit D advantage（分数：0.50）A.B.C.
9、D.(20).A predominate B take C enlarge D monopolize（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In s perfectly free and open market economy, the type of employergovernment or private should have little or no impact on the earnings differentials be
10、tween women and men. However. if there is discrimination against one sex. it is unlikely that the degree of discrimination by government and private employers will be the same. Differences in the degree of discrimination would result in earnings differentials associated with the type of employer. Gi
11、ven the nature of government and private employers, it seems most likely that discrimination by private employers would be greater. Thus one would expect that. if women are being discriminated against, government employment would have a positive effect on womens earnings as compared with their earni
12、ngs from private employment. The results of a study by Fuchs support this assumption. Fuchss results suggest that the earnings of women in an industry composed entirely of government employees would be 14.6 percent greater than the earnings of women in an industry composed exclusively of private emp
13、loyees, other things being equal.In addition, both Fuchs and Sanborn have suggested that the effect of discrimination by consumers on the earnings of self-employed women may be greater than the effect of either government or private employer discrimination on the earnings of women employees. To test
14、 this hypothesis. Brown selected a large sample of White male and female workers from the 1970 Census and divided them into three categories: private employees, government employees, and self-employed. (Black workers were excluded from the sample to avoid picking up earnings differentials that were
15、the result of racial disparities.) Browns research design controlled for education, labor-force participation, mobility, motivation, and age in order to eliminate these factors as explanations of the studys results. Browns results suggest that men and women are not treated the same by employers and
16、consumers. For men, self-employment is the highest earnings category, with private employment next and government lowest. For women, this order is reversed.One can infer from Browns results that consumers discriminate against self-employed women. In addition, self-employed women may have more diffic
17、ulty than men in getting good employees and may encounter discrimination from suppliers and from financial institutions.Browns results are clearly consistent with Fuchss argument that discrimination by consumers has a greater impact on the earnings of women than does discrimination by either governm
18、ent or private employers. Also, the fact that women do better working for government than for private employers implies that private employers are discriminating against women. The results do not prove that government does not discriminate against women. They do, however, demonstrate that if governm
19、ent is discriminating against women, its discrimination is not having as much effect on womens earnings as is discrimination in the private sector.（分数：10.00）(1).The author would be most likely to agree with which of the following conclusions?A Both private employers and government employers discrimi
20、nate, with equal effects on womens earnings.B If private employers and government employers discriminate, the discrimination by private employers has a greater effect on womens earnings.C Private employers discriminate; it is possible that government employers discriminate.D Private employers discri
21、minate; government employers do not discriminate.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to Browns study, womens, earnings categories occur in which of the following orders, from highest earnings to lowest earnings?A Government employment, self-employment, private employment.B Private employment, self-employ
22、ment, government employment.C Government employment, private employment, self-employment.D Self-employment, private employment, government employment.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The text mentions all of the following as difficulties that self-employed women may encounter EXCEPTA discrimination from supplie
23、rs and consumers.B discrimination from financial institutions.C problems in obtaining good employees.D problems in obtaining government assistance.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the text that what is stated in the last paragraph is most probablyA Browns elaboration of his research resu
24、lts.B Browns tentative inferences from his data.C Browns conclusions based on common-sense reasoning.D the authors conclusion, based on Fuchss and Browns results.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The best title which describes the content of the text as a whole would beA The Relative Effect of Discrimination by
25、Government Employers, Private Employers, and Consumers on Womens Earnings.B How Discrimination Affects Womens Choice of Type of Employment.C The Necessity for Eliminating Earnings Differentials in a Free Market Economy.D The Relative Effect of Private Employer Discrimination on Mens Earnings as Comp
26、ared to Womens Earnings:（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Every second, 1 hectare of the worlds rainforest is destroyed. Thats equivalent to two football fields. An area the size of New York City is lost every day. In a year, that adds up to 31 million hectares-more than the land area of Pola
27、nd. This alarming rate of destruction has serious consequences for the environment; scientists estimate, for example, that 137 species of plant, insect or animal become extinct every day due to logging. In British Columbia, where, since 1990, thirteen rainforest valleys have been clearcut, 142 speci
28、es of salmon have already become extinct, and the habitats of grizzly bears, wolves and many other creatures are threatened. Logging, however, provides jobs, profits, taxes for the government and cheap products of all kinds for consumers, so the government is reluctant to restrict or control it.Much
29、 of Canadas forestry production goes towards making pulp and paper. According to the Canadian Pulp and Paper Association, Canada supplies 34% of the worlds wood pulp and 49% of its newsprint paper. If these paper products could be produced in some other way, Canadian forests could be preserved. Rece
30、ntly, a possible alternative way of producing paper has been suggested by agriculturalists and environmentalists: a plant called hemp.Hemp has been cultivated by many cultures for thousands of years. It produces fiber which can be made into paper, fuel, oils, textiles, food, and rope. For many centu
31、ries, it was essential to the economies of many countries because it was used to make the ropes and cables used on sailing ships; colonial expansion and the establishment of a world wide trading network would not have been possible without hemp. Nowadays, ships cables are usually made from wire or s
32、ynthetic fibres, but scientists are now suggesting that the cultivation of hemp should be revived for the production of paper and pulp. According to its proponents, four times as much paper can be produced from land using hemp rather than trees, and many environmentalists believe that the large-scal
33、e cultivation of hemp could reduce the pressure on Canadas forests.However, there is a problem : hemp is illegal in many countries of the world. This plant, so useful for fiber, rope, oil, fuel and textiles, is a species of cannabis, related to the plant from which marijuana is produced. In the late
34、 1930s, a movement to ban the drug marijuana began to gather force, resulting in the eventual banning of the cultivation not only of the plant used to produce the drug, but also of the commercial fiber-producing hemp plant. Although both George Washington and Thomas Jefferson grew hemp in large quan
35、tities on their own land, any American growing the plant today would soon find himself in prison-despite the fact that marijuana cannot be produced from the hemp plant, since it contains almost no THC (the active ingredient in the drug).In recent years, two major movements for legalization have been
36、 gathering strength. One group of activists believes that ALL cannabis should be legal-both the hemp plant and the marijuana plant-and that the use of the drug marijuana should not be an offense. They argue that marijuana is not dangerous or addictive, and that it is used by large numbers of people
37、who are not criminals but productive members of society. They also point out that marijuana is less toxic than alcohol or tobacco. The other legalization movement is concerned only with the hemp plant used to produce fiber; this group wants to make it legal to cultivate the plant and sell the fiber
38、for paper and pulp production. This second group has had a major triumph recently: in 1997, Canada legalized the farming of hemp for fiber. For the first time since 1938, hundreds of farmers are planting this crop, and soon we can expect to see pulp and paper produced from this new source.（分数：10.00）
39、(1).Logging is not banned chiefly becauseA scientists are overestimating the damage.B people benefit economically from it.C some creatures are only threatened but not endangered.D it provides jobs to the consumers.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Canadian forests will not face destruction ifA alternative source
40、s for paper products are found.B logging is banned by the local government.C consumers increase their environmental sensitivity.D Canadian Pulp and Paper Association reduce its production.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to some scientists, Hemps are preferable to trees chiefly becauseA they are more
41、easily cultivated.B they have been cultivated by many cultures for a long time.C they can produce more paper than trees.D they can provide more endurable fibers than trees.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author seems to imply in the passage thatA the grounds on which hemp is banned cannot be justified.B dr
42、ug addiction is an even more serious problem of the world.C American Presidents can be exempt from the punishment of law.D marijuana is an addictive drug that should be banned worldwide.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is a reason for the legalization of the hemp plant?A Both the hemp and
43、 the marijuana plant are healthy for people.B Productive members of society depend on marijuana for production.C Only uncontrolled, long time usage of marijuana will result in addiction.D The hemp plant is a useful source for the production of paper and pulp.（分数：2.00）A.B.C.D.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10.00)
44、In general, our society is becoming one of the giant enterprises directed by a bureaucratic management in which man becomes a small well-oiled cog in the machinery. The oiling is done with higher wages, well-ventilated factories and piped music, and by psychologists and “human relations“ experts; ye
45、t all this oiling does not aver the fact that man has become powerless, that he is bored with it. In fact, the blue-collar and the white-collar workers have become economic puppets who dance to the tune of automated machines and bureaucratic management.The. worker and employee are anxious not only b
46、ecause they might find themselves out of a job, they are anxious also because they are unable to acquire any real satisfaction of interest in life. They live and die without ever having confronted the fundamental realities of human existence as emotionally and intellectually independent and producti
47、ve human beings.Those higher up on the social ladder are no less anxious. Their lives are no less empty than those of their subordinates. They are even more insecure in some respects. They are in a highly competitive race. To be promoted or to fall behind is not a matter of salary but even more a ma
48、tter of self-respect. When they apply for their first job, they are tested for intelligence as well as for the right mixture of submissiveness and independence. From that moment on then are tested again and again by the psychologists, for whom testing is a big business, and by their superiors, who j
49、udge their behavior,soeia bitity, capacity to get along, etc. This constant need to prove that one is as good as or better than ones fellow competitor ereates constant anxiety and stress, the very causes of unhappiness and illness.Am I suggesting that we should return to the pre-industrial mode of production or to nin
