1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 501 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_“Nanny“, “tyrant“these were among the charges hurl
2、ed at Michael Bloomberg, New Yorks mayor, when he proposed a ban on big fizzy-drink bottles last May. The billionaire shrugged and pushed forward. However even Mr Bloomberg must heed a court order. The American Beverage Association, which represents Coca-Cola and other soda companies, has sued. Mr B
3、loombergs ban is due to start on March 12th, but a judge may intervene. Three years after Michelle Obama launched her Lets Move! campaign, the fight against childhood obesity faces a tactical problem. Recent years have been dipping obesity rates in a few places, including New York, Mississippi and P
4、hiladelphia. But 17% of American children are still obese. The question is how to speed up progress. Further bans look increasingly unlikely. Voluntary programs remain politically much easier. Mrs Obama has exhorted firms to take action. Many companies have. On March 6th the Partnership for a Health
5、ier America, a business group, published a report praising its members for putting more grocers in poor areas and healthier foods at restaurants. Sixteen food and beverage companies have promised to slash a combined 1.5 trillion calories from their products by 2015. Their first progress report is du
6、e in June. The long-term effect of these efforts may be slim. For example, even if the food and drink firms keep their promise , they would cut just 14 calories from the average Americans daily diet. Regulations might bring bigger change, but recent years suggest that such rules will come slowly, if
7、 at all. Congress did pass a law requiring healthier school lunches, though its effects are limited. Other attempts at national regulation have stalled. Four federal agencies studied voluntary guidelines to limit junk-food advertisements to children. Under pressure from Congress, the agencies droppe
8、d the effort. Obamacare requires that all restaurants and cinemas post the number of calories in their foods. The Food and Drug Administration proposed a rule for menus in 2011, but has yet to finalise the regulation. Cities and states are more likely to act than Congress (hardly a high bar) , but t
9、hey face their own challenges. Last year the beverage lobby spent more than $2.8m to defeat a soda tax in the small city of Richmond, California. Even Mr Bloomberg, the anti-obesity crusades most fervent warrior, can only do so much.（分数：10.00）(1).We know from the first paragraph that Michael Bloombe
10、rg is _.（分数：2.00）A.a director of a soda companyB.a judge of the New York CityC.an advocate of big fizzy-drink bottlesD.an enthusiast of banning junk food and drinks(2).Michelle Obamas Lets Move campaign aims at _.（分数：2.00）A.fighting against the problem of obesityB.solving the problem of high divorce
11、 rateC.handling the problem of children obesityD.addressing the problem of racial discrimination(3).We learn from Paragraph 3 that _.（分数：2.00）A.many firms have answered Mrs Obamas callB.Partnership for a Healthier America is a political organizationC.the efforts of the food and drink companies may s
12、eem effective in the long termD.sixteen food and drink companies have cut down 1.5 trillion calories from their products(4).Four federal agencies dropped their efforts because of _.（分数：2.00）A.the pressure from the publicB.the pressure from CongressC.the requirement from ObamacareD.the Food and Drug
13、Administration(5).We can infer from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.there is no soda tax in the city of RichmondB.cities and states are less likely to take actionC.cities and states face fewer challenges than CongressD.Mr Bloomberg helps to cancel soda tax in RichmondA report consistently broug
14、ht back by visitors to the US is how friendly, courteous, and helpful most Americans were to them. To be fair, this observation is also frequently made of Canada and Canadians , and should best be considered North American. There are, of course, exceptions. Small-minded officials, rude waiters, and
15、ill-mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment. For a long period of time and in many parts of the country, a traveler was a welcome break in an otherwise dull existence. Dullness and loneliness were common problems of the
16、 families who generally lived distant from one another. Strangers and travelers were welcome sources of diversion, and brought news of the outside world. The harsh realities of the frontier also shaped this tradition of hospitality. Someone traveling alone, if hungry, injured, or ill, often had nowh
17、ere to turn except to the nearest cabin or settlement. It was not a matter of choice for the traveler or merely a charitable impulse on the part of the settlers. It reflected the harshness of daily life: if you didnt take in the stranger and take care of him, there was no one else who would. And som
18、eday, remember, you might be in the same situation. Today there are many charitable organizations which specialize in helping the weary traveler. Yet, the old tradition of hospitality to strangers is still very strong in the US, especially in the smaller cities and towns away from the busy tourist t
19、rails. “I was just traveling through, got talking with this American, and pretty soon he invited me home for dinneramazing. “Such observations reported by visitors to the US are not uncommon, but are not always understood properly. The casual friendliness of many Americans should be interpreted neit
20、her as superficial nor as artificial, but as the result of a historically developed cultural tradition. As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships. And, of course, speaking a language does no
21、t necessarily mean that someone understands social and cultural patterns. For example, when an American uses the word “friend“, the cultural implications of the word may be quite different from those it has in the visitors language and culture. It takes more than a brief encounter on a bus to distin
22、guish between courteous convention and individual interest. Yet, being friendly is a virtue that many Americans value highly and expect from both neighbors and strangers.（分数：10.00）(1).What can we learn from the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.All of the North Americans are friendly.B.All of the Americans
23、 are friendly.C.Visitors consider most Americans to be friendly.D.Canadians are not so friendly as Americans.(2).The families in frontier settlements _.（分数：2.00）A.welcome the visitors to break their dull existence.B.usually travel a long distance.C.dont like to communicate with each other.D.bring ne
24、ws of the outside world.(3).According to Paragraph 3, the frontier settlement is hospitable because _.（分数：2.00）A.of their harshness of daily lifeB.it is a remote placeC.of their charitable impulseD.the travelers are always alone(4).Which of the following is not true according to Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00
25、）A.Many Americans friendliness is a result of historically cultural traditionB.Tired travelers are often assisted by some charitable organizations.C.The tradition of hospitality is still well kept in America.D.Remote cities and towns dont like to entertain strangers.(5).What does the author want to
26、reveal by the example of “friend“?（分数：2.00）A.The travelers who dont know the cultural implication always draw a wrong conclusion.B.Speaking a language isnt equal to understanding its cultural patterns.C.Being friendly is a virtue of many Americans.D.Cultural gaps exist everywhere.The question facing
27、 Swiss voters on March 3rd was called the “peoples initiative against fat-cat pay “. With a billing like that, who wouldnt vote yes? As it happened, 68% of the electorate did, passing a measure that requires listed companies to offer shareholders a binding vote on senior managers pay and appointment
28、s at each annual general meeting. The penalty for bosses who fail to comply is up to three years in jail or the forfeit of up to six years salary. Switzerlands penchant for direct democracy has trumped its tolerance for tycoons. Swiss business is shaken. It had backed a “counter-initiative“ giving s
29、hareholders more voting powers without threatening criminal sanction. That was rejected by voters. The new law, which will be written into the constitution, endangers Switzerland as an investment destination, the business lobby claims. Economiesuisse, the Swiss Business Federation, now accepts the p
30、opular verdict but warns that such complex and highly charged changes must be implemented carefully. The laws needed to put the vote into practice will take ten years to write, some cynics suggest. The initiative is the brainchild of Thomas Minder, who runs his familys toiletries business. He has ap
31、parently never forgiven Swissair for backing out of a contract when it nearly went bankrupt 12 years ago and then awarding its former boss a big pay-off. Mr Minders campaign gained momentum last month on news that Novartis, a Swiss drug firm, intended to pay its departing chairman, Daniel Vasella, a
32、 severance package of SFr72m ($76m). Mr Vasella later refused the package. After Mr Minders victory it will become harder to extend such corporate generosity. Some of the new restrictions seem sensible. Shareholder votes on executive pay, hitherto ad hoc and advisory, will become routine and binding
33、. Pension funds will be required to vote in the interests of their members and make their votes public. Board members will not be permitted to have consulting or other contracts with firms in the same group. But other provisions are more burdensome. The law will ban incentives that can be useful, su
34、ch as “golden hellos“ and severance packages for board members. It will also bar them from accepting rewards for buying or selling company divisions.（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined phrase “fat-cat pay“ (Para. 1, Line 1-2) refers to _.（分数：2.00）A.the payment for a fat catB.senior executives salariesC.sha
35、reholders high salariesD.governors invisible incomes(2).What can be implied from the second paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Swiss has accepted the public accusation.B.Swiss has given voters more voting powers.C.It will take a decade to write a law in Swiss.D.Switzerland used to be an investment destination.(3)
36、.According to the text, Thomas Minder _.（分数：2.00）A.is a mental worker who has a childB.has gained compensation from NovartisC.runs his own business concerning cosmeticD.works for a Swiss pharmaceutical company(4).The new bindings include all EXCEPT that _.（分数：2.00）A.stakeholder determines managers s
37、alary through votingB.members of board are banned from making internal dealC.board members are not allowed to contact with other companiesD.the amount of retirement money should be voted and announced(5).The authors attitude towards new rules and restrictions seems to be _.（分数：2.00）A.objectiveB.supp
38、ortiveC.contradictoryD.suspiciousThe world is going through the biggest wave of mergers and acquisitions ever witnessed. The process sweeps from hyperactive America to Europe and reaches the emerging countries with unsurpassed might. Many in these countries are looking at this process and worrying:
39、“Wont the wave of business concentration turn into an uncontrollable anti-competitive force?“ Theres no question that the big are getting bigger and more powerful. Multinational corporations accounted for less than 20% of international trade in 1982. Today the figure is more than 25% and growing rap
40、idly. International affiliates account for a fast-growing segment of production in economies that open up and welcome foreign investment. In Argentina, for instance, after the reforms of the early 1990s, multinationals went from 43% to almost 70% of the industrial production of the 200 largest firms
41、. This phenomenon has created serious concerns over the role of smaller economic firms, of national businessmen and over the ultimate stability of the world economy. I believe that the most important forces behind the massive M&A wave are the same that underlie the globalization process: falling tra
42、nsportation and communication costs, lower trade and investment barriers and enlarged markets that require enlarged operations capable of meeting customers demands. All these are beneficial, not detrimental, to consumers. As productivity grows, the worlds wealth increases. Examples of benefits or co
43、sts of the current concentration wave are scanty. Yet it is hard to imagine that the merger of a few oil firms today could re-create the same threats to competition that were feared nearly a century ago in the US, when the Standard Oil trust was broken up. The mergers of telecom companies, such as W
44、orld Com, hardly seem to bring higher prices for consumers or a reduction in the pace of technical progress. On the contrary, the price of communications is coming down fast. In cars, too, concentration is increasingwitness Daimler and Chrysler, Renault and Nissanbut it does not appear that consumer
45、s are being hurt. Yet the fact remains that the merger movement must be watched. A few weeks ago, Alan Greenspan warned against the megamergers in the banking industry. Who is going to supervise, regulate and operate as lender of last resort with the gigantic banks that are being created? Wont multi
46、nationals shift production from one place to another when a nation gets too strict about infringements to fair competition? And should one country take upon itself the role of “defending competition“ on issues that affect many other nations, as in the U.S. vs. Microsoft case?（分数：10.00）(1).What can b
47、e learned from the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.This wave of mergers and acquisitions has been witnessed before.B.People in many countries are anxious about the process of acquisition.C.This wave of business concentration will become an uncontrollable anti-competitive force.D.The new rising nations wi
48、ll be free from the impact of the concentration wave.(2).The numbers mentioned in the second paragraph are meant to _.（分数：2.00）A.show that the corporations are getting bigger and bigger through concentrationB.demonstrate that multinational corporations account for more than 25% nowC.this phenomenon
49、worries the smaller economic firmsD.this phenomenon might affect the stability of the world economy(3).Which of the following does not belong to the forces behind the M&A wave?（分数：2.00）A.The transportation and communication costs are becoming lower.B.The trade and investment barriers are becoming fewer.C.The markets are en
