1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 499 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_In the past 35 years, hundreds of millions of Chin
2、ese have found productive, if often exhausting, work in the countrys growing cities. This extraordinary mobilization of labour is the biggest economic event of the past half-century. The world has seen nothing on such scale before. Will it see anything like it again? The answer lies across the Himal
3、ayas in India. India is an ancient civilization but a youthful country. Its working-age population is rising by about 12m people a year, even as Chinas shrank last year by 3m. Within a decade India will have the biggest potential workforce in the world. Optimists look forward to a bumper “demographi
4、c dividend“ , the result of more workers per dependant and more saving out of income. This combination accounted for perhaps a third of the East Asian miracle. India “has time on its side, literally,“ boasted one prominent politician, Kamal Nath, in a 2008 book entitled “Indias Century“. But althoug
5、h Indias dreamers have faith in its youth, the countrys youngest have growing reason to doubt India. The economy raised aspirations that it has subsequently failed to meet. From 2005 to 2007 it grew by about 9% a year. In 2010 it even grew faster than China (if the two economies are measured consist
6、ently). But growth has since halved. Indias impressive savings rate, the other side of the demographic dividend, has also slipped. Worryingly, a growing share of household saving is bypassing the financial system altogether, seeking refuge from inflation in gold, bricks and mortar. The last time a C
7、ongress-led government liberalized the economy in earnestin 1991over 40% of todays Indians had yet to be born. Their anxieties must seem remote to Indias elderly politicians. The average age of cabinet minister is 65. The country has never had a prime minister born in independent India. One man who
8、might buck that trend, Rahul Gandhi, is the son, grandson and the great-grandson of former prime ministers. India is run by gerontocrats (老年统治者) and epigones (子孙): grey hairs and groomed heirs. The apparent indifference of the police to the way young women in particular are treated has underlined th
9、e way that old India fails to protect new India.（分数：10.00）(1).China is mentioned in order to _.（分数：2.00）A.show its scale of labour forceB.highlight its economic growthC.introduce the topic of IndiaD.stress the importance of labour(2).Which is true according to Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.Indias working-a
10、ge population has shrunk.B.Chinas working-age population has been rising.C.India is now the biggest potential workforce in the world.D.India is an ancient country but a young one in the modern world.(3).Which one can best describe Kamal Nath towards Indias future?（分数：2.00）A.Confident.B.Worried.C.Dou
11、btful.D.Negative.(4).The fourth paragraph shows us that _.（分数：2.00）A.India has reached its economic targetB.Indias economic growth has halved after 2010C.Indians have become doubtful about their countryD.Indias savings rate has increased from 2005 to 2007(5).The underlined phrase “grey hairs and gro
12、omed heirs“ (Para. 5, Line 6) means _.（分数：2.00）A.old men and young womenB.elderly rulers and their descendantsC.prime ministers and their successorsD.prime ministers and their grandsonsThe American economic system is organized around a basically private-enterprise, market-oriented economy in which c
13、onsumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most. Private businessmen, striving to make profits, produce these goods and services in competition with other businessmen; and the profit motive, operating under
14、 competitive pressures, largely determines how these goods and services are produced. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes that together deter
15、mine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. An important factor in a market-oriented economy is the mechanism by which consumer demands can be expressed and responded to by producers. In the American economy, this mechanism is provided by a price system, a process in which
16、prices rise and fall in response to relative demands of consumers and supplies offered by seller-producers. If the product is in short supply relative to the demand, the price will be bid up and some consumers will be eliminated from the market. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity r
17、esults in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. Thus, price is the regulating mechanism in the America economic system. The important factor in a private-enterprise econom
18、y is that individual are allowed to own productive resources (private property), and they are permitted to hire labor, gain control over natural resources, and produce goods and services for sale at a profit. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of
19、 productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, consumers in the American economic system _.（分数：2.00）A.can largely determine the economy systemB.can
20、buy whatever goods and services they want by spending moneyC.can spend their money to buy goods and servicesD.can determine what goods and services shall be produced to a large extent by consumption(2).According to the first paragraph, private businessmen _.（分数：2.00）A.are driven by the profit motive
21、 to produce the goods and servicesB.determine how these goods and services are producedC.want to maximize profits by harming the consumersD.determine how resources are used to produce the goods and services(3).Which of the following is true about the mechanism in a market-oriented economy?（分数：2.00）A
22、.By the mechanism the consumer demands can be met.B.It can express the consumer demands.C.It determines the price.D.It is a response to the demands and supplies.(4).Which of the following is not true according to Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.Fewer products will push up the price.B.More commodities will fi
23、nally lower the price.C.More consumers will buy the product if the price is lower.D.The supply will be reduced too if the cost reduces.(5).In a private-enterprise economy, people are _.（分数：2.00）A.allowed to own productive resources and certain rightsB.permitted to control over natural resourcesC.all
24、owed to determine the price of a productD.permitted to make a free contract with another private individualOne hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic credit in stores, restaurants, and hotels, at home, across the country, an
25、d even abroad, and they make many banking services available as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making it possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch bank is open. For many of us, the “cashless society“ is not on
26、the horizonits already here. While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for sellers too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than simply ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and to whom. This information all
27、ows businessmen to keep track of their list of goods by showing which items are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or return goods to suppliers can then be made. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employees are the most efficient, all
28、owing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns. Computers are relied on by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer analyzed marketing reports can help to decide which products to emphasize now, which to develo
29、p for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods in stock, of raw materials on hand, and even of the production process itself. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more eff
30、icient services to consumers through the use of computers.（分数：10.00）(1).What can we learn from the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Nearly every American has one bank-issued credit card.B.Only the owners can enjoy the services provided by the credit card.C.The credit card owners can only enjoy its service
31、 across the country.D.The credit card can only be used in America.(2).What does the author mean by the last sentence of the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.All of the Americans will not use cash.B.Many Americans do not pay in cash now.C.Credit cards in the society will not be popular.D.You can use cash w
32、herever you want.(3).According to the text, electronic cash registers can _.（分数：2.00）A.record information of salesB.keep track of their list of goodsC.have many advantages for sellersD.offer some conveniences to consumers(4).Computers are significant not because _.（分数：2.00）A.they can record busiest
33、hour and the most efficient employeesB.they can identify preferred customersC.they can help to decide when to produce the productsD.they can record goods in stock(5).What is the main idea of this text?（分数：2.00）A.Credit cards can bring about many convenient services.B.Credit cards will be more and mo
34、re popular.C.Computers are bringing many efficient services in business.D.Computers are becoming smarter.Its 2:45 p.m. on a Wednesday, and Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti is in the backseat of a black Chevy Tahoe thats inching its way to city hall along the 101 freeway. This stretch of the often clo
35、gged road is eight lanes, but there are so many cars on it that everyone is moving at about 30 km/h, a single mass of steel and glass lurching toward downtown. Just a few hours earlier, Garcetti was traveling a lot faster. To get to an event in University City, about 16 km from his office, Garcetti
36、took the citys Red Line subway, which can reach speed of up to 110 km/ha pace L.A.s rush-hour drivers can only dream about. Persuading more Angelenos to take the train could go a long way toward solving one of L.A.s most intractable problems. “We dont need people to completely give up their cars,“ h
37、e says while holding onto a pole on the Red Line. “But right now, we average 1.1 people per car. If we could get that to 1.6, the traffic problem would go away.“ In L.A., cars are a source of smog, billions of dollars in lost productivity every year and endless frustration for residents. “Every work
38、ing person plans their life around traffic in this town,“ say Zev Yaroslavsky, a Los Angeles County supervisor and longtime friend of Garcettis. “Building a transportation infrastructure is something that needs to be focused on, and Eric gets that.“ Should Garcetti, 43who was elected in May as the y
39、oungest mayor of L.A. in more than a centuryever manage to get the freeways flowing, it would be a triumph. And it would only begin to cure what ails L.A. Los Angeles structural problems are daunting. The city has fewer jobs now than it did in 1990, with a regional unemployment rate that is more tha
40、n 2 points higher than the national average. L.A. is also buckling under health care and pension costs and is scaling back public services to compensate. The 2014-2015 budget is projected to be $242 million in the red. As the Los Angeles 2020 Commission, a group of business, labor and public-sector
41、leaders charged by the city council with diagnosing the regions ills, put it in a December report, “Los Angeles is barely treading water while the rest of the world is moving forward.“（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the descriptions are about _.（分数：2.00）A.traffic jamB.car accidentsC.urban spra
42、wlD.population problems(2).Garcetti took a subway instead of traveling in a car because _.（分数：2.00）A.traveling by car is out of dateB.the subway is environmentally-friendlyC.taking a subway is more convenient for himD.the subway is much faster than the car during the rush-hour(3).We know from the th
43、ird paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.L.A. has to focus on manufacturing more carsB.Garcetti is the youngest mayor in L.A. s historyC.traffic jam is one of the problems that L.A. facesD.Garcetti has already made the highways flowing(4).By saying “Los Angeles is barely treading water“, the author means _.（
44、分数：2.00）A.it is flooded with waterB.its economy is stagnantC.it has so many problemsD.its prospect is promising(5).Which one would be the best title of this text?（分数：2.00）A.L.A.s Traffic ProblemB.SubwayReplacement of CarC.L.A.s Trafficthe Worst in the U.SD.L.A.s Traffic Jam and Structural Problems考研
45、英语（阅读）模拟试卷 499 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：In the past 35 years, hundreds of millions of C
46、hinese have found productive, if often exhausting, work in the countrys growing cities. This extraordinary mobilization of labour is the biggest economic event of the past half-century. The world has seen nothing on such scale before. Will it see anything like it again? The answer lies across the Hi
47、malayas in India. India is an ancient civilization but a youthful country. Its working-age population is rising by about 12m people a year, even as Chinas shrank last year by 3m. Within a decade India will have the biggest potential workforce in the world. Optimists look forward to a bumper “demogra
48、phic dividend“ , the result of more workers per dependant and more saving out of income. This combination accounted for perhaps a third of the East Asian miracle. India “has time on its side, literally,“ boasted one prominent politician, Kamal Nath, in a 2008 book entitled “Indias Century“. But although Indias dreamers have faith in its youth, the countrys youngest have growing reason to doubt India. The economy raised aspirations that it h
