1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 497 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_The European Union reached a preliminary deal to c
2、urb bankers compensation that would drastically limit the account that can be paid in bonuses. Britain resisted the move to cap the ratio between bankers fixed and variable pay. In a nod to opposition from the City of London the new rules treat long-term incentives linked to equities and bonds more
3、favourably. The deal has to be agreed on by finance ministries next week. The Royal Bank of Scotland, which is still majority owned by the British taxpayer five years after a government bail-out, reported an annual pre-tax loss of 5.2 billion, mostly because of an accounting quirk connected to the v
4、alue of its own debts. RBSs loss was put in the shade, however, when Bankia later posted a net loss for 2012 of 19 billion. The Spanish government owns just under half the bank, but that is expected soon to rise to 70%. A report by McKinsey underlined the impact of the financial crisis on annual cro
5、ss-border capital flows, which fell by 60% from 2007 to $4.6 trillion last year. The study says that financial globalisation has “stalled“ and that markets have reached an “inflection point“ that could lead to a “Balkanised“ structure based on local, rather than global, banking systems. Japans prime
6、 minister, Shinzo Abe, nominated Haruhiko Kuroda to become the next governor of the Bank of Japan. Mr. Kuroda is the current head of the Asian Development Bank and had been a vocal critic of the BOJ. Mr. Abe has turned the central banks record into a political issue, urging it to do more to help “th
7、e real economy“. Indias government unveiled the countrys most important budget in years, as it seeks to boost output while controlling inflation. Growth has cooled rapidly to around 5%. The official forecast says that the economy will expand by up to 6.6% in 2013-2014, but the opposition is quick to
8、 point out that the estimate for this year was overly optimistic.（分数：10.00）(1).What can be learned from the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The EU has reached an agreement to control bankers compensation.B.The deal would considerably increase the account paid in bonuses.C.Britain agreed on the act to lim
9、it the ratio between bankers fixed and variable pay.D.The deal to curb bankers compensation has been agreed on by finance ministries.(2).According to Paragraph 2, which of the following is true?（分数：2.00）A.The Royal Bank of Scotland is completely possessed by the British taxpayer.B.The Royal Bank of
10、Scotland suffered a great loss that led to its bankruptcy.C.The Royal Bank of Scotland suffered the loss due to an accounting quirk.D.The Royal Bank of Scotland lost a great sum because of a financial crisis.(3).The underlined phrase “put in the shade“ (Para.3, Line 1 ) is most probably equal to _.（
11、分数：2.00）A.put in the darknessB.nothing big in comparisonC.more serious than othersD.the most serious of all(4).McKinseys report has _.（分数：2.00）A.emphasized the influence of financial crisisB.stressed the importance of financial globalisationC.shown the effect exerted by the “inflection point“D.highl
12、ighted the impact of “Balkanised“ structure(5).Opponents of economic projection in India reckon that _.（分数：2.00）A.the government will cut budget in yearsB.economy will grow by 6.6% in the year to comeC.economic growth may be replaced by stagnationD.government prediction for this year may disappoint
13、usOn Americas Gulf coast, massive industrial facilities stand idle. Miles of twisting stainless-steel pipes and huge storage tanks gleam uselessly in the sun. They are a reminder of the hundreds of billions of dollars that America has invested in terminals for handling imports of liquefied natural g
14、as (LNG). Thanks to the boom in domestic shale gas, those imports are no longer needed. America produces nearly as much gas as it consumes, and will soon produce far more. So the obvious thing to do with those idle terminals is to re-engineer them to handle exports. Instead of receiving shiploads of
15、 liquefied gas and re-gasifying it, they should be taking American gas, liquefying it and loading it onto tankers. Converting these plants will not be cheapeach one will cost at least $5 billion. But the potential rewards are much larger. In America gas sells for around $3.40 per million British the
16、rmal units (mBTU). In Europe it costs around $12. In gas-poor Asia, spot cargoes change hands for as much as $20 per mBTU. Since it costs roughly $5 per mBTU to liquefy the stuff, ship it and turn it back into gas, America could be making a fortune from gas exports. To the extent that such exports d
17、isplaced dirty coal, they would also help curb global warming. Most of Americas two dozen LNG import terminals have applied for export licences. Yet only one, Sabine Pass in Louisiana, has actually started retooling its kit. Gas from there will start flowing onto global markets by the end of 2015. W
18、hy has every other terminal been so slow to seize this opportunity? Converting a plant is not easy: firms must build now upon row of expensive fridges, known as “liquefaction trains“, to get gas moving in the opposite direction. But the real hold-up is political. No LNG facility besides Sabine has y
19、et received permission to export. American law requires the Department of Energy to determine whether gas exports are in the public interest, and President Barack Obamas administration is in no hurry to make up its mind.（分数：10.00）(1).America became less dependent on imported gas due to _.（分数：2.00）A.
20、the use of massive industrial facilitiesB.billions of dollars invested in terminalsC.the prosperity of home-produced gasD.the less consumption of domestic gas(2).What can be inferred from Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.It is easy to deal with the idle terminals.B.The government will soon convert the idle te
21、rminals.C.The potential reward to convert the plants isnt substantial.D.Converting the plants may be beneficial in the long term.(3).America can earn a great fortune by _.（分数：2.00）A.gas importsB.gas exportsC.imports of oilD.exports of coal(4).We can learn from Paragraph 4 that _.（分数：2.00）A.Sabine ha
22、s begun to retool its facilityB.Sabine has begun to sell gas to global marketsC.most LNG terminals have gained export licencesD.every terminal has been quick to grab the chance(5).We can judge from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.no LNG facility except Sabine has gained permission to exportB.ga
23、s exports in America represent the interest of the publicC.Barack Obamas government has made up its mindD.a plant is difficult to be convertedA mace-wielding clown lashes at a bear cub. An elephant stands on its rear legs on the point of a stun gun, electric arcs running through its body. These and
24、dozens of other images featured at a poster exhibition in Beijing are meant to shock, so that hopefully visitors will go home with the message the organizers want them to remember: animal performance is cruel, and people can help end it by not watching. “Not Born to Perform,“ which runs until April
25、15, is yet another anticruelty campaign by Animals Asia Foundation. Except this time, seeking a venue to display the posters, the animal welfare group has teamed up with an unlikely partner, the citys oldest and perhaps best-known zoo. “By agreeing to host the exhibition on their premises, Beijing Z
26、oo has set a precedent for all other zoological gardens in China,“ said Pei Xin, the senior animal welfare officer of Animals Asia. “We hope more zoos will join it in making such an outstanding commitment to ending animal performance.“ The exhibition may help educate “zoo managers on why animal perf
27、ormances stifle the expression of normal behavior and that is just not right,“ said Zhang Jinguo, the deputy curator of the Beijing Zoo. It also tells visitors that “novelty and thrill isnt always cool,“ he said. The partnership illustrates the long way Chinese zoos have come in a continuing debate,
28、 sometimes laden with high-stake confrontations, over the welfare of wild animals in captivity. “As recently as 2010, mentioning the issue of animal performance was a sure-fire way to be excluded and ignored by zoos and animal facilities,“ Dave Neale, Animal Asias animal welfare director, said in an
29、 emailed statement. About 50 percent of urban zoos, 91 percent of the wildlife parks and 89 percent of the aquariums in China were still operating recreational animal shows, China Zoo Watch, a volunteer-based group that documents alleged abuses, found in 2012, after monitoring over 40 facilities acr
30、oss the country. Even the Beijing Zoo, in its 107 years as a public zoo, had its share of animal abuse scandals. In July 2010, the zoo was found to have covered up the death of a panda for three weeks. Earlier the same year, news that a zoo restaurant served non-indigenous animals including hippopot
31、amus and kangaroos subjected the zoo to public ridicule.（分数：10.00）(1).The images of animal performance are exhibited to _.（分数：2.00）A.feature a poster in BeijingB.hope the visitors can remember themC.call on people to end animal performance by realizing its crueltyD.forbid people to watch them(2).Whi
32、ch of the following is not true according to Pei Xin?（分数：2.00）A.More zoos are hoped to join the campaign to end animal performance.B.Beijing Zoo is taking the lead to host such an exhibition.C.He supports animal performance.D.Beijing Zoo has set an example to all the other zoological gardens in Chin
33、a.(3).According to the text, animal performance _.（分数：2.00）A.is supported by all the peopleB.is opposed by zoos and animal facilitiesC.has a long way to goD.is a welfare of wild animals in captivity(4).What does the underlined word “non-indigenous“ mean?（分数：2.00）A.Exotic.B.Interesting.C.Lovely.D.Wil
34、d.(5).According to the text, Beijing Zoo _.（分数：2.00）A.is free from the animal abuse scandalsB.buried a dead panda in 2010C.killed animals like hippopotamus and kangaroosD.had a record of animal abuse“We will safeguard Britains credit rating with a credible plan to eliminate the bulk of the structura
35、l deficit over a parliament,“ read the 2010 Conservative manifesto. Well, so much for that. The decision by Moodys, one of the three big rating agencies, to downgrade Britain from Aaa to Aal on February 22nd was a colossal embarrassment. Moodys now ranks Britains credit lower than that of Luxembourg
36、 or the Isle of Man. Will the downgrade harm the economy? In the past countries with lower credit ratings have had to pay higher borrowing costs. But neither America, which was downgraded in 2011, or France, which suffered a similar fate last year, has suffered much. It is hard to spot an immediate
37、impact in Britain, either. Investors had expected the ratings agencies to act after last years autumn statement revealed that the government was struggling to reduce its deficit on schedule. The two other big ratings agenciesFitch and Standard figures released on February 27th showed that GDP had sh
38、runk by 0.3% in the fourth quarter of 2012 and is still 3% smaller than it was in the first quarter of 2008. Growth forecasts for the next few years were lowered in the autumn statement.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, Moodys is _.（分数：2.00）A.an agency that helps the parliament to deal with defic
39、itB.a department that supervises other government sectorsC.an agency that involves and makes decisions on credit ratingD.an organization that helps protect the countrys credit rating(2).The downgrade of credit ranking will _.（分数：2.00）A.force a country to pay higher taxB.safeguard a countrys benefits
40、C.lead to bankruptcy of a countryD.do harm to a countrys economy(3).Britain has subjected to the situation that _.（分数：2.00）A.its currency value has declined against dollar and euroB.its government was struggling to reduce its foreign debtC.ratings agencies have taken action to lower its credit ratin
41、gsD.Fitch and Standard figures released on February 27th showed that GDP had shrunk by 0.3% in the fourth quarter of 2012 and is still 3% smaller than it was in the first quarter of 2008. Growth forecasts for the next few years were lowered in the autumn statement.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text
42、, Moodys is _.（分数：2.00）A.an agency that helps the parliament to deal with deficitB.a department that supervises other government sectorsC.an agency that involves and makes decisions on credit rating D.an organization that helps protect the countrys credit rating解析：解析：根据出题顺序和题干中的“Moodys”一词定位到第一段第二行：T
43、he decision by Moodys, one of the three big rating agencies.可以推测 Moodys 和 rating 有关系，而选项 C 和 D 都涉及这个词，我们可以先排除 A、B 两项。再根据句中的“decision”一词，我们知道 Moodys 的作用是作决定，而非选项 D 的“protect the country”，故选项 C 正确。(2).The downgrade of credit ranking will _.（分数：2.00）A.force a country to pay higher taxB.safeguard a coun
44、trys benefitsC.lead to bankruptcy of a countryD.do harm to a countrys economy 解析：解析：根据题干中的“the downgrade of credit ranking”定位到前两段。选项 A 对应第二段第二句，原文说的是“countries with lower credit ratings have had to pay higher borrowing costs”，而不是该项说的“Pay higher tax”，该项是偷换概念，错误。选项 B 明显是肯定选项，而从前两段可以看出 downgrade 带来的是负面
45、影响，从这点来看就可以将其排除。选项 C 的“bankruptcy”是无中生有，原文没有提到，故该项错误。选项 D 对应第二段，由“Pay higher borrowing costs”可以看出 downgrade 对于一个国家的经济是不利的，即该项说的“do harm to a countrys economy”是对的。故答案为选项 D。(3).Britain has subjected to the situation that _.（分数：2.00）A.its currency value has declined against dollar and euro B.its govern
46、ment was struggling to reduce its foreign debtC.ratings agencies have taken action to lower its credit ratingsD.Fitch and Standard & Poors have watched Britain since 2011解析：解析：根据题干中的“Britain”和出题顺序可定位到第三段。选项 A 对应该段最后一句：Sterling dropped to a 32-month low against the dollar and reached its weakest leve
47、l against the euro since October 2011. 其中“sterling”=“its currency value”；“dropped”=“declined”。该项与原文是同义替换关系，故该项正确。选项 B 对应该段的“the government was struggling to reduce its deficit”一句，其中该项的“foreign debt(外债)”与“deficit(赤字)”不符，属于偷换概念的错误。选项 C 与原文“The two other big ratings agencies both have Britain onnegativ
48、e watch”不符，故错误。选项 D 中的“since 2011”与原文表述不符，故错误。综上所述，该题答案为选项 A。(4).We can infer from the last two paragraphs that _.（分数：2.00）A.yen has been the weakest currency of 2013B.investors are now careful about Britains assets C.Fitch noted that Britains economic performance was poorD.statistics released on Feb 27th showed that GDP had grown解析：解析：根据选项 A 中的“the weakest currency of 2013”定位到第四段第二句：So far the pound is the weakest major currency of 2013. 文章提到的是“pound”，而非“yen”，故该项错误。根据选项 B 中的 Britains assets 定位到第五段首句：Several things are making investors prudent of British assets. 其中“prudent”=“care
