1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 490 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_In 1930, when the world was “suffering from a bad
2、attack of economic pessimism“, John Maynard Keynes wrote a broadly optimistic essay, “Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren“. It imagined a middle way between revolution and stagnation that would leave the grandchildren a great deal richer than their grandparents. But the path was not without
3、 dangers. One of the worries Keynes admitted was a “new disease“: “technological unemployment due to our discovery of means of economising the use of labour outrunning the pace at which we can find new uses for labour.“ His readers might not have heard of the problem, he suggestedbut they were certa
4、in to hear a lot more about it in the years to come. For the most part, they did not. Nowadays, the majority of economists confidently wave such worries away. By raising productivity, they argue, any automation which economises on the use of labour will increase incomes. That will generate demand fo
5、r new products and services, which will in turn create new jobs for displaced workers. To think otherwise has meant being tarred a Ludditethe name taken by 19th-century textile workers who smashed the machines taking their jobs. For much of the 20th century, those arguing that technology brought eve
6、r more jobs and prosperity looked to have the better of the debate. Real incomes in Britain scarcely doubled between the beginning of the common era and 1570. They then tripled from 1570 to 1875. And they more than tripled from 1875 to 1975. Industrialisation did not end up eliminating the need for
7、human workers. On the contrary, it created employment opportunities sufficient to absorb the 20th centurys exploding population. Keynes vision of everyone in the 2030s being a lot richer is largely achieved. His belief they would work just 15 hours or so a week has not come to pass.（分数：10.00）(1).Acc
8、ording to John Maynard Keynes, the economy may _.（分数：2.00）A.develop toward a favorable direction for our grandchildrenB.suffer from great economic recession and pessimismC.experience a temporary stagnation for our grandchildrenD.experience dangers in the future and suffer stagnation(2).The phenomeno
9、n of technological unemployment appears because _.（分数：2.00）A.the machine will finally replace all human labourB.the machine can complete some work that human cantC.with the advent of the machine, many workers become lazierD.the pace of making new machines is faster than finding new use of labour(3).
10、Most economists argue that automation will increase incomes if _.（分数：2.00）A.new jobs are createdB.productive force is boostedC.the machine replaces human labourD.demand for new products is generated(4).We can infer from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.industrialization will increase the unemplo
11、yment rateB.technology will bring less work opportunities but more fortuneC.generally speaking, people now work more than 15 hours a weekD.Keynes predicted people would become richer but it didnt come true(5).What is the main idea of the text?（分数：2.00）A.Machine will be the future.B.Technology delive
12、rs more employment.C.Technological unemployment will long exist.D.Economic depression leads to unemployment.Three years ago, on January 13th, Rukhsar Khatun, then 15 months old, was diagnosed with polio. She now has a crippled leg and struggles to keep up with her friends. But this little girl, from
13、 a West Bengali village, can claim some fame: she is, with luck, the last Indian to be infected with the wild polio virus. Enough time has passed with no new case for India shortly to be certified as free of the pain. That is a big success. Indias anti-polio campaign began in 1995 with severe disadv
14、antages. The country spends little on public health, barely 1% of GDP, and has been awful at immunising children. Too few parents know the basics of hygiene and nutrition, let alone the benefits of vaccines. India has bad sanitation, large remote populations and vast migration from village to slum.
15、Yet much has gone right. The anti-polio campaign received over $3 billion, mostly from within India itself, and deployed 2.4m vaccinators. UNICEF, the World Health Organisation (WHO), Rotary International and the Gates Foundation (both charities) gave technical help. Religious leaders reassured peop
16、le suspicious about vaccinations, and politicians knocked on doors to make sure children took their medicine. At the peak of coverage, 99.1% of the target population swallowed anti-polio drops, says Anuradha Gupta of the national health ministry. That is surprisingly high, considering that a decade
17、ago “universal“ vaccination coverage for seven preventable diseases was a pitiful 30% in Bihar, a big, poor northern state. Indias campaign has been successful enough for its lessons to be applied in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria, the last places with endemic polio. Vaccinators learned to attend
18、 especially to mobile populations, like seasonal workers at brick kilns, and found that many migrants are best reached not at home but in bus and railway stations. Good monitoring was crucial, too. In Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, vaccinators visited 60m households several times a year, says Hamid Jafari
19、 of the WHO. To compile data on receivers, some 400,000 hard-to-reach population groups were carefully tracked and plotted, down to each household. Data passed early to decision-makers, at the district-official level, allowed a quick response to new cases.（分数：10.00）(1).Rukhsar Khatun was mentioned t
20、o _.（分数：2.00）A.depict the life of poor people in IndiaB.describe the life of handicapped childrenC.introduce the topic of anti-polio campaignD.show the development of medical treatment(2).We know from the second paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.India spends the least on public health in the worldB.few pa
21、rents in India know the ABC of health careC.few Indians would stay in slum because of bad hygieneD.most parents in India are aware of the advantages of vaccines(3).Which one is NOT a piece of good news for anti-polio campaign?（分数：2.00）A.Many international organizations offer help.B.A large amount of
22、 money has been received.C.Officers ensure that medicine has been taken.D.Most people remain suspicious about vaccinations.(4).We can learn from the text that _.（分数：2.00）A.vaccination coverage was 30% in India ten years agoB.99.7% of Indians took anti-polio medicine at the peakC.migrant workers in I
23、ndia have received care from vaccinatorsD.Indias campaign has been accepted in Pakistan, Afghanistan and Nigeria(5).The authors attitude towards Indian governments supervision is _.（分数：2.00）A.favorableB.pessimisticC.suspiciousD.indifferentIt is hard to make money peddling social media anywhere. Duri
24、ng their first few years in business, Facebook and Twitter lost pots of money. Yet somehow Tencent, an innovative Chinese firm that released the WeChat app in 2011, seems to have cracked the code. Alicia Yap of Barclays, an investment bank, forecasts that WeChat will earn some 6.8 billion yuan ($1.1
25、 billion) this year and 9.6 billion yuan next year. The reasons for optimism include clever integration of the app with other money-making services and spectacular growth in users at home and, unusually for a Chinese app, abroad. WeChat started off as a messaging service, similar to Americas WhatsAp
26、p, but it has grown rapidly into much more. In recent months, Tencent has integrated online-payment functions into it. Customers can do their banking through it and a wealth-management service has just been launched. It is also promoting e-commerce: during a recent sale held exclusively on WeChat, X
27、iaomi, Chinas hottest smartphone-maker, is said to have sold 150,000 of its latest model in under ten minutes. Most internet companies that make money do so by selling online ads, but Tencent makes most of its money selling customers virtual goods. About 85% of the money Tencent will make this year
28、from the app will come from gaming. Tencent says that WeChat has 270m active users, including tens of millions overseas. Their number and enthusiasm matter a lot to marketers. At the moment, Tencent allows companies to send occasional, targeted messages to some users without charge. Mark Natkin of M
29、arbridge, a consultancy, says that in future it might ask for a fee. The biggest unknown about WeChat is whether the app can become a global blockbuster like Twitter or Facebook. Mr. Natkin points out that the app will lose one of its most attractive features outside the country. WeChat usage explod
30、ed in part because it integrates a users address book from Tencents QQ, an old-fashioned instant-messaging service that has over 800m registered users, though few outside China. WeChat is already used in South-East Asia, Russia and India. The app is available in the Japanese and Korean languages, bu
31、t strong local rivals already exist in those markets. America and Europe will be harder to crack. To succeed there, it must beat WhatsApp and other rivals.（分数：10.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, which one is true?（分数：2.00）A.Most Chinese apps are popular in the world.B.Foreign social software earns m
32、ore money in China.C.WeChat has broken the rule and made money illegally.D.WeChat has combined the app with other profitable services.(2).We can conclude from Paragraph 2 that _.（分数：2.00）A.both WeChat and WhatsApp are chatting toolsB.WhatsApp has more functions compared with WeChatC.customers can sh
33、op online through most chatting softwaresD.Xiaomi is so popular that 150,000 phones are sold every ten minutes(3).Internet companies can make money by selling all EXCEPT _.（分数：2.00）A.gaming appsB.actual goodsC.virtual articlesD.online advertisements(4).WeChat has a large number of users partly becau
34、se _.（分数：2.00）A.it is the first domestic chatting softwareB.it is much more attractive than other appsC.apps like Twitter and Facebook are out of dateD.it is related with another popular message service(5).From the last paragraph we can learn that _.（分数：2.00）A.WeChat may be used universally in the w
35、hole Asia in the near futureB.Japanese and Korean are the main languages used by WeChatC.it is challenging for WeChat to dominate the markets in IndiaD.it is totally impossible for WeChat to win European marketA young woman goes to university and earns a degree in religious and womens studies. In th
36、e process she piles up some $ 100,000 in student-loan debt. Upon graduation, she cannot find a job in her field and struggles to pay her bills. An example of unwise decision-making perhaps, but is it also proof of a long-debated bubble in American higher education? It is for Glenn Reynolds, the prod
37、uctive blogger, law professor and author of a new book, “The New School“. With tuition costs rising much faster than inflation, Americans are taking on record amounts of debt over $1 trillion by 2013to fund their education. Many are finding that their job prospects do not justify the investment. Whe
38、reas a university degree once meant automatic entry into the middle class, it now comes with no such guarantee. But is higher education as bad a deal as Mr. Reynolds makes it out to be? “Some people are graduating with debts of $100,000 or more,“ he says, “sometimes much more.“ Most are not, though.
39、 The average graduate holds student-loan debt of $29,400, a number not found in this book. College Board, a non-profit organisation, finds that the median earnings of university graduates emerging from four-year courses and without a further degree, such as a masters, are 65% higher over their lifet
40、imes than those of high-school graduates. Short on numbers, the book contributes little to the bubble debate. But Mr. Reynolds puts forward criticism of American universities that will ring true to anyone who has attended one recently. Universities can help people make money in three ways: by teachi
41、ng them skills, giving them credentials that employers want and providing access to a valuable social network. Some studies have shown that university students fail to learn much of anything. Acquiring skills, of course, can be quite expensive. Prices should not continue going up forever, so new thi
42、nking is needed. The web provides one way forward, and although Mr. Reynolds is doubtful about the ability of colleges to reinvent themselves, some are catching on. Take the Georgia Institute of Technology, which has joined up with Udacity, an online educator, to offer a masters degree in computer s
43、cience for $ 7,000. “Its a real, accredited degree,“ says Mr. Reynolds, “just like the ones that cost six times as much if earned on campus.“（分数：10.00）(1).The example of a young woman in the opening paragraph is to show _.（分数：2.00）A.the failure of higher educationB.the condition of education debtC.a
44、n example of unwise decision-makingD.the unemployment situation in the U. S.(2).Many Americans are finding that _.（分数：2.00）A.the money spent on college is not worthyB.investment requires cautious considerationC.college degree is a visiting card to the middle classD.expectation of future career seems
45、 great after college(3).We can learn from Paragraph 3 that _.（分数：2.00）A.most graduates hold a loan debt of over $100,000B.salaries have nothing to do with educational backgroundC.generally speaking, one with higher education earns moreD.Mr. Reynolds book is popular and his view is well accepted(4).M
46、r. Reynolds attitude towards American universities seems _.（分数：2.00）A.suspiciousB.enthusiasticC.supportiveD.prejudiced(5).We can conclude from the last paragraph that _.（分数：2.00）A.prices of acquiring skills become unaffordable for many studentsB.prices of learning skills tend to increase continuousl
47、yC.colleges ability of reinvention is to a large degree doubtedD.online education may save a lot of money for some students考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 490 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts
48、. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：In 1930, when the world was “suffering from a bad attack of economic pessimism“, John Maynard Keynes wrote a broadly optimistic essay, “Economic Possibilities for our Grandchildren“. It imagined a middle way between revolution and stagnation that would leave the grandchildren a great deal richer than their grandparents. But the path was not without dangers
