1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 475 及答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part B（分数：10.00）_The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar “tombstone“ that lists where yo
2、u went to school and where youve worked in chronological order. The other is what I call the “functional“ resumedescriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview. Its handy to have a “tombstone“ for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of t
3、hose unrequested“tombstone“ lists, preferring to interview the quick rather than the dead. What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get reada resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers. (1)Put yourself first: In order to write a resume others will read w
4、ith enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself. (2)Sell what you can do, not who you are: Practice translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work. Toot your own horn! Many
5、 people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have none at all! But everyone does, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punchif only you show it. (3)Be specific, be concrete, and be brief. Remember that “brevity is the best policy.“ (4)Turn
6、 bad news into good: Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to mention yours, look for the positive side. (5)Never apologize: If youve returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraph(summary of background)in place of a chronology of experie
7、nce. Dont apologize for working at being a mother; its the hardest job of all. If you have no special training or higher education, just dont mention education. How to prepare yourself: The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five hours off, not ne
8、cessarily consecutive, and simply write down every accomplishment in your life, on or off the job, that made you feel effective. Dont worry at first about what it all means. Study the list and try to spot patterns. As you study your list, you will come closer to the meaning: identifying your marketa
9、ble skills. Once you discover patterns, give names to your cluster of accomplishments(leadership skills, budget management skills, child development skills etc.)Try to list at least three accomplishments under the same skills heading. Now start writing your resume as if you mattered. It may take fou
10、r drafts or more, and several weeks, before youve ready to show it to a stranger(friends are usually too kind)for a reaction. When youve satisfied, send it to a printer; a printed resume is far superior to photocopies. It shows an employer that you regard job hunting as serious work, worth doing rig
11、ht. Isn t that the kind of person you d want working for you? AA woman who lost her job as a teachers aide due to a cutback in government funding wrote: “Principal of elementary school cited me as the only teacher s aide she would rehire if government funds became available.“ BOne resume I received
12、included the following: “invited by my superior to straighten out our organization s accounts receivable. Set up orderly repayment schedule, reconciled accounts weekly, and improved cash flow 100 per cent. Rewarded with raise and promotion.“ Notice how this woman focuses on results, specifies how sh
13、e accomplished them, and mentions her rewardall in 34 words. CFor example, if you have a flair for saving, managing and investing money, you have money management skills. DAn acquaintance complained of being biased when losing an opportunity due to the statement “Ready to learn though not so well ed
14、ucated“. EOne of my former colleagues, for example, wrote resumes in three different styles in order to find out which was more preferred. The result is, of course, the one that highlights skills and education background. FA woman once told me about a cash-flow crisis her employer had faced. She d a
15、greed to work without pay for three months until business improved. Her reward was her back pay plus a 20 percent bonus. I asked why that marvelous story wasnt in her resume. She answered, “It wasnt important.“ What she was really saying of course was “Im not important.“（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1
16、:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_The planets seemed like pretty small places. At the same time, Earth seemed a lot larger than it does now. No one had ever seen our planet as a planet: a blue marble on black velvet, coated with water and air. No one knew that the moon was born in an impact. No one fully appreciated
17、that humanity was becoming a geologic force in its own right, capable of changing the environment on a global scale. Whatever else the Space Age has done, it has enriched our view of the natural world and given us a perspective. National Research Council(NRC)panels periodically ask whether the world
18、 s planetary exploration programs are on track. The list of goals that follows synthesizes their priorities. 1. Monitor Earths Climate The venerable Landsat series, which has monitored the surface since 1972, has been on the fritz for years, and the U. S. has Department of Agriculture has already ha
19、d to buy data from Indian satellites to monitor crop productivity. For some types of data, no other nation can fill in. 2. Prepare an Asteroid Defense Like climate monitoring, guarding the planet from asteroids always seems to fall between the cracks. Neither NASA nor the European Space Agency(ESA)h
20、as a mandate to stave off human extinction. It would take 15 years or longer to mount a defense against an incoming body, assuming that the technology were ready to go. 3. Seek Out New Life Before Spotnik, scientists thought the solar system might be a veritable Garden of Eden. Earth s sister worlds
21、 proved to be hellish, even when the Mariner probes revealed a cratered moonscape and the Viking landers failed to find even a single organic molecule. But lately the plausible venues for life have multiplied. 4. Explain the Genesis of the Planets Studies of the origin of the planets overlap quite a
22、 bit with studies of the origins of life. Jakosky puts it thus: “Venus sits at the inner edge of the habitable zone. Mars sits at the outer edge. Earth sits in the middle. And understanding the differences between those planets is central to asking about life beyond our solar system.“ 5. Break Out o
23、f the Solar System A solar sail 200 meters across could carry a 500-kilogram spacecraft. After launch from Earth, it would first swoop toward the sun, going as it daredjust inside Mercury s orbitto get flung out by the intense sunlight. “Such a mission, be it ESA-or NASA-led, is the next logical ste
24、p in our exploration of space,“ Wim mer-Schweingruber says. “After all, there is more to space than exploring our very, very local neighborhood.“ The estimated price tag is about $2 billion including three decades operating expenses. ALike the origin of life, the origin of the planets was a complex,
25、 multistage process. Jupiter was the first-born. Did it build up slowly, like the other planets? Did it form farther from the sun and move inward? BLike a windsurfer, the spacecraft would steer by leaning to one side or the other. Just before passing Jupiters orbit, it would cast off the sail and gl
26、ide outward. To get ready, engineers need to design a sufficiently lightweight sail and test it on first. CSo NRC prepares to take some action plans. Extend asteroid search to smaller bodies, perhaps using a dedicated infrared space telescope. Deflect an asteroid in a controlled way as a trial run.
27、Develop an official system for evaluating potential threats. DThe NRC panel called for restoring the lost funding, which pay for 17 new missions over the coming decade, such as ones to keep tabs on ice sheets and carbon dioxide levelsessential for predicting climate change and its effects. People so
28、metimes take the mundane yet urgent task of looking after our own planet for granted. EMars is looking hopeful again. Outer-planet moons, notably Europa and Enceladus, appear to have vast underground seas and plenty of lifes raw materials. Even Venus might have been covered in oceans once. The resea
29、rch is not just about finding companionship in the cosmos. It is about divining our own origins. FThis past spring ESA completed a set of feasibility studiesand promptly shelved them for lack of money. It would take a joint effort with NASA or the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(JAXA), or both, t
30、o make the plan happen.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_ASet a Good Example for Your Kids BBuild Your Kids Work Skills CPlace Time Limits on Leisure Activities DTalk about the Future on a Regular Basis EHelp Kids Develop Coping Strategies FHelp Your Kids Figure Out Who They Are GBuild Yo
31、ur Kids Sense of Responsibility Mothers and fathers can do a lot to ensure a safe landing in early adulthood for their kids. Even if a job s starting salary seems too small to satisfy an emerging adult s need for rapid content, the transition from school to work can be less of a setback if the start
32、-up adult is ready for the move. Here are a few measures, drawn from my book Ready or Not, Here Life Comes, that parents can take to prevent what I call “work-life uneasiness“. 1 You can start this process when they are 11 or 12. Periodically review their emerging strengths and weaknesses with them
33、and work together on any shortcomings, like difficulty in communicating well or collaborating. Also, identify the kinds of interests they keep coming back to, as these offer clues to the careers that will fit them best. 2 Kids need a range of authentic role modelsas opposed to members of their cliqu
34、e, pop stars and vaunted athletes. Have regular dinner-table discussions about people the family knows and how they got where they are. Discuss the joys and downsides of your own career and encourage your kids to form some ideas about their own future. When asked what they want to do, they should be
35、 discouraged from saying “I have no idea.“ They can change their minds 200 times, but having only a foggy view of the future is of little good. 3 Teachers are responsible for teaching kids how to learn; parents should be responsible for teaching them how to work. Assign responsibilities around the h
36、ouse and make sure homework deadlines are met. Encourage teenagers to take a part-time job. Kids need plenty of practice delaying gratification and deploying effective organizational skills, such as managing time and setting priorities. 4 Playing video games encourages immediate content. And hours o
37、f watching TV shows with canned laughter only teaches kids to process information in a passive way. At the same time, listening through earphones to the same monotonous beats for long stretches encourages kids to stay inside their bubble instead of pursuing other endeavors. All these activities can
38、prevent the growth of important communication and thinking skills and make it difficult for kids to develop the kind of sustained concentration they will need for most jobs. 5 They should know how to deal with setbacks, stresses and feelings of inadequacy. They should also learn how to solve problem
39、s and resolve conflicts, ways to brainstorm and think critically. Discussions at home can help kids practice doing these things and help them apply these skills to everyday life situations. What about the son or daughter who is grown but seems to be struggling and wandering aimlessly through early a
40、dulthood? Parents still have a major role to play, but now it is more delicate. They have to be careful not to come across as disappointed in their child. They should exhibit strong interest and respect for whatever currently interests their fledging adult(as naive or ill conceived as it may seem)wh
41、ile becoming a partner in exploring options for the future. Most of all, these new adults must feel that they are respected and supported by a family that appreciates them.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 475 答案解析(总分：50.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：50.00)1.S
42、ection II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part B（分数：10.00）_解析：The main purpose of a resume is to convince an employer to grant you an interview. There are two kinds. One is the familiar “tombstone“ that lists where you went to school and where youve worked in chronological order. The other is w
43、hat I call the “functional“ resumedescriptive, fun to read, unique to you and much more likely to land you an interview. Its handy to have a “tombstone“ for certain occasions. But prospective employers throw away most of those unrequested“tombstone“ lists, preferring to interview the quick rather th
44、an the dead. What follows are tips on writing a functional resume that will get reada resume that makes you come alive and look interesting to employers. (1)Put yourself first: In order to write a resume others will read with enthusiasm, you have to feel important about yourself. (2)Sell what you ca
45、n do, not who you are: Practice translating your personality traits, character, accomplishments and achievements into skill areas. There are at least five thousand skill areas in the world of work. Toot your own horn! Many people clutch when asked to think about their abilities. Some think they have
46、 none at all! But everyone does, and one of yours may just be the ticket an employer would be glad to punchif only you show it. (3)Be specific, be concrete, and be brief. Remember that “brevity is the best policy.“ (4)Turn bad news into good: Everybody has had disappointments in work. If you have to
47、 mention yours, look for the positive side. (5)Never apologize: If youve returning to the work force after fifteen years as a parent, simply write a short paragraph(summary of background)in place of a chronology of experience. Dont apologize for working at being a mother; its the hardest job of all. If you have no special training or higher education, just dont mention education. How to prepare yourself: The secret is to think about the self before you start writing about yourself. Take four or five
