1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 469 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_For hundreds of millions of years, turtles have st
2、ruggled out of the sea to lay their eggs on sandy beaches, long before there were nature documentaries to celebrate them, or GPS satellites and marine biologists to track them, or volunteers to hand-carry the hatchlings down to the water s edge lest they become disoriented by headlights and crawl to
3、wards a motel parking lot instead. A formidable wall of bureaucracy has been erected to protect their prime nesting on the Atlantic coastlines. With all that attention paid to them, you d think these creatures would at least have the gratitude not to go extinct. But Nature is indifferent to human no
4、tions of fairness , and a report by the Fish and Wildlife Service showed a worrisome drop in the populations of several species of North Atlantic turtles, notably loggerheads , which can grow to as much as 400 pounds. The South Florida nesting population, the largest, has declined by 50% in the last
5、 decade, according to Elizabeth Griffin, a marine biologist with the environmental group Oceana. The figures prompted Oceana to petition the government to upgrade the level of protection for the North Atlantic loggerheads from “threatened“ to “endangered“meaning they are in danger of disappearing wi
6、thout additional help. Which raises the obvious question: what else do these turtles want from us, anyway? It turns out, according to Griffin, that while we have done a good job of protecting the turtles for the weeks they spend on land(as egg-laying females, as eggs and as hatchlings), we have negl
7、ected the years they spend in the ocean. “The threat is from commercial fishing,“ says Griffin. Trawlers(which drag large nets through the water and along the ocean floor)and longline fishers(which can deploy thousands of hooks on lines that can stretch for miles)take a heavy toll on turtles. Of cou
8、rse, like every other environmental issue today, this is playing out against the background of global warming and human interference with natural ecosystems. The narrow strips of beach on which the turtles lay their eggs are being squeezed on one side by development and on the other by the threat of
9、 rising sea levels as the oceans warm. Ultimately we must get a handle on those issues as well, or a creature that outlived the dinosaurs will meet its end at the hands of humans, leaving our descendants to wonder how creature so ugly could have won so much affection.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from
10、the first paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.human activities have changed the way turtles survive.B.efforts have been made to protect turtles from dying out.C.government bureaucracy has contributed to turtles extinction.D.marine biologists are looking for the secret of turtles reproduction.(2).What does the
11、author mean by “Nature is indifferent to human notions of fairness“(Para 2)?（分数：2.00）A.Nature is quite fair regarding the survival of turtles.B.Turtles are by nature indifferent to human activities.C.The course of nature will not be changed by human interference.D.The turtle population has decreased
12、 in spite of human protection.(3).What constitutes a major threat to the survival of turtles according to Elizabeth Griffin?（分数：2.00）A.Their inadequate food supply.B.Unregulated commercial fishing.C.Their lower reproductive ability.D.Contamination of sea water.(4).How does global warming affect the
13、survival of turtles?（分数：2.00）A.It threatens the sandy beaches on which they lay eggs.B.The changing climate makes it difficult for their eggs to hatch.C.The rising sea levels make it harder for their hatchlings to grow.D.It takes them longer to adapt to the high beach temperature.(5).The last senten
14、ce of the passage is meant to（分数：2.00）A.persuade human beings to show more affection for turtles.B.stress that even the most ugly species should be protected.C.call for effective measures to ensure sea turtles survival.D.warn our descendants about the extinction of species.In a purely biological sen
15、se, fear begins with the bodys system for reacting to things that can harm usthe so-called fight-or-flight response . “An animal that cant detect danger cant stay alive,“ says Joseph LeDoux. Like animals, humans evolved with an elaborate mechanism for processing information about potential threats.
16、At its core is a cluster of neurons deep in the brain known as the amygdala. LeDoux studies the way animals and humans respond to threats to understand how we form memories of significant events in our lives. The amygdala receives input from many parts of the brain, including regions responsible for
17、 retrieving memories. Using this information, the amygdala appraises a situationI think this charging dog wants to bite meand triggers a response by radiating nerve signals throughout the body. These signals produce the familiar signs of distress: trembling, perspiration and fast-moving feet, just t
18、o name three. This fear mechanism is critical to the survival of all animals, but no one can say for sure whether beasts other than humans know theyre afraid. That is, as LeDoux says, “if you put that system into a brain that has consciousness, then you get the feeling of fear.“ Humans, says Edward
19、M. Hallowell, have the ability to call up images of bad things that happened in the past and to anticipate future events. Combine these higher thought processes with our hardwired danger-detection systems, and you get a near-universal human phenomenon: worry. Thats not necessarily a bad thing, says
20、Hallowell. “When used properly, worry is an incredible device ,“ he says. After all, a little healthy worrying is okay if it leads to constructive actionlike having a doctor look at that weird spot on your back. Hallowell insists, though, that there s a right way to worry. “Never do it alone, get th
21、e facts and then make a plan.“ He says. Most of us have survived a recession, so were familiar with the belt-tightening strategies needed to survive a slump. Unfortunately, few of us have much experience dealing with the threat of terrorism, so its been difficult to get fact about how we should resp
22、ond. That s why Hallowell believes it was okay for people to indulge some extreme worries last fall by asking doctors for Cipro and buying gas masks.（分数：10.00）(1).The “so-called fight-or-flight response“(Para. 1)refers to（分数：2.00）A.the biological process in which human beings sense of self-defense e
23、volves.B.the instinctive fear human beings feel when faced with potential danger.C.the act of evaluating a dangerous situation and making a quick decision.D.the elaborate mechanism in the human brain for retrieving information.(2).From the studies conducted by LeDoux we learn that（分数：2.00）A.reaction
24、s of humans and animals to dangerous situations are often unpredictable.B.memories of significant events enable people to control fear and distress.C.people s unpleasant memories are derived from their feelings of fear.D.the amygdala plays a vital part in human and animal responses to potential dang
25、er.(3).From the passage we know that（分数：2.00）A.a little worry will do us good if handled properly.B.a little worry will enable us to survive a recession.C.fear strengthens the human desire to survive danger.D.fear helps people to anticipate certain future events.(4).Which of the following is the bes
26、t way to deal with your worries according to Hallowell?（分数：2.00）A.Ask for help from the people around you.B.Use the belt-tightening strategies for survival.C.Seek professional advice and take action.D.Understand the situation and be fully prepared.(5).In Hallowell s view, people s reaction to the te
27、rrorist threat last fall was（分数：2.00）A.ridiculous.B.understandable.C.over-cautious.D.sensible.How best to solve the pollution problems of a city sunk so deep within sulfurous clouds that it was described as hell on earth? Simply answered: Relocate all urban smoke-creating industry and encircle the m
28、etropolis of London with sweetly scented flowers and elegant hedges. In fact, as Christine L. Corton, a Cambridge scholar, reveals in her new book, London Fog, this fragrant anti-smoke scheme was the brainchild of John Evelyn, the 17th-century diarist. King Charles II was said to be much pleased wit
29、h Evelyn s idea, and a bill against the smoky nuisance was duly drafted. Then nothing was done. Nobody at the time, and nobody right up to the middle of the 20th century, was willing to put public health above business interests. And yet it s a surprise to discover how beloved a feature of London li
30、fe these multicolored fogs became. A painter, Claude Monet, fleeing besieged Paris in 1870, fell in love with Londons vaporous, mutating clouds. He looked upon the familiar mist as his reliable collaborator. Visitors from abroad may have delighted in the fog, but homegrown artists lit candles and va
31、inly scrubbed the grime from their gloom-filled studio windows. “Give us light!“ Frederic Leighton pleaded to the guests at a Lord Mayors banquet in 1882, begging them to have pity on the poor painter. The more serious side of Corton s book documents how business has taken precedence over humanity w
32、here Londons history of pollution is concerned. A prevailing westerly wind meant that those dwelling to the east were always at most risk. Those who could afford it lived elsewhere. The east was abandoned to the underclass. Lord Palmerston spoke up for choking East Enders in the 1850s, pointing a fi
33、nger at the interests of the furnace owners. A bill was passed, but there was little change. Eventually, another connection was established: between London s perpetual veil of smog and its citizens cozily smoldering grates. Sadly, popular World War I songs like “Keep the Home Fires Burning“ didnt do
34、 much to encourage the adoption of smokeless fuel. It wasn t until what came to be known as the “Great Killer Fog“ of 1952 that the casualty rate became impossible to ignore and the British press finally took up the cause. It was left to a Member of Parliament to steer the Clean Air Act into law in
35、1956. Within a few years, even as the war against pollution was still in its infancy, the dreaded fog began to fade. Corton s book combines meticulous social history with a wealth of eccentric detail. Thus we learn that London s ubiquitous plane trees were chosen for their shiny, fog-resistant folia
36、ge. It s discoveries like these that make reading London Fog such an unusual and enlightening experience.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following can be inferred from Paragraph 2?（分数：2.00）A.The fragrant anti-smoke scheme was inspired by John Evelyn s child.B.King Charles II was not actually satisfied wi
37、th Evelyn s idea.C.The process of drafting the bill against the smoky nuisance was slow.D.It wasnt until the middle of the 20th century that someone willingly put public health above commercial interests.(2).The word “grime“(Para. 3)is closest in meaning to（分数：2.00）A.fog.B.dirt.C.frost.D.paint.(3).W
38、hich of the following would be most heavily affected by London s pollution according to Corton s book?（分数：2.00）A.rich dwellers in the east.B.the underclass in the west.C.East London s slum dwellers.D.servants of furnace owners.(4).The author mainly shows in the last but one paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.
39、Great Killer Fog led to huge mortality.B.The British press was also playing a big role.C.It was a long way for the Clean Air Act to be passed.D.reducing the air pollution worked though it was in the primary stage(5).There were plane trees everywhere in London because they（分数：2.00）A.could resist fog
40、and haze.B.were related to social history.C.contained a wealth of eccentric detail.D.were shiny and beautified the environment.For centuries in Spain and Latin America, heading home for lunch and a snooze with the family was some thing like a national right, but with global capitalism standardizing
41、work hours, this idyllic habit is fast becoming an endangered pleasure. Ironically, all this is happening just as researchers are beginning to note the health benefits of the afternoon nap. According to a nationwide survey, less than 25 percent of Spaniards still enjoy siestas. And like Spain, much
42、of Latin America has adopted Americanized work schedules, too, with shortened lunch times and more rigid work hours. Last year the Mexican government passed a law limiting lunch breaks to one hour and requiring its employees to work their eight-hour shift between 7 a.m. and 6 p.m Before the mandate
43、, workers would break up the shiftgoing home midday for a long break with the family and returning to work until about 9 or 10 p.m The idea of siesta is changing in Greece, Italy and Portugal, too, as they rush to join their more “industrious“ counterparts in the global market. Most Americans I know
44、 covet sleep, but the idea of taking a nap mid-afternoon equates with laziness, un employment and general sneakiness. Yet according to a National Sleep Survey poll, 65 percent of adults do not get enough sleep. Numerous scientific studies document the benefits of nap taking, including one 1997 study
45、 on the deleterious effects of sleep deprivation in the journal Internal Medicine. The researchers found that fatigue harms not only marital and social relations but worker productivity. According to Mark Rosekind, a former NASA scientist and founder of Solutions in Cupertino, Calif., which educates
46、 businesses about the advantages of sanctioning naps, were biologically programmed to get sleepy between 3 and 5 p.m. and 3 and 5 a.m Our internal timekeepercalled the circadian clockoperates on a 24-hour rotation and every 12 hours there s a dip. In accordance with these natural sleep rhythms, Rose
47、kind recommends that naps be either for 40 minutes or for two hours. Latin American countries, asserts Rosekind, have had it right all along. Theyve been in sync with their clocks; we havent. Since most of the world is sleep-deprived, getting well under the recommended eight hours a night(adults get
48、 an average of 6. 5 hours nightly), we usually operate on a kind of idle midday. Naps are even more useful now that most of us forfeit sleep because of insane work schedules, longer commute times and stress, In a study published last April, Brazilian medical researchers noted that blood pressure and
49、 arterial blood pressure dropped during a siesta.（分数：10.00）(1).In the second sentence of Paragraph 1, “all this“ refers to（分数：2.00）A.the habit of napping.B.the standardizing of work hours.C.the decline of the siesta tradition.D.the growth of global capitalism.(2).We can infer from the second paragraph that Mexican workers now（分数：2.00）A.work fewer hours than in the past.B
