1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 460 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire
2、Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been the talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray!At last!“ wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic.
3、 One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him.“ As a description of t
4、he next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise. For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he perfo
5、rms an impressive variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes. Devoted conce
6、rtgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical instrumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded p
7、erformances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. These recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than today s live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed“ at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availabili
8、ty of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert. One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilbert s own interest in new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross,
9、a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization.“ But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestra s repertoire will not be enough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are
10、to succeed, they must first change the relationship between America s oldest orchestra and the new audience it hopes to attract.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from Paragraph 1 that Gilbert s appointment has（分数：2.00）A.incurred criticism.B.raised suspicion.C.received acclaim.D.aroused curiosity.(2).Tommasini
11、regards Gilbert as an artist who is（分数：2.00）A.influential.B.modest.C.respectable.D.talented.(3).The author believes that the devoted concertgoers（分数：2.00）A.ignore the expenses of live performances.B.reject most kinds of recorded performances.C.exaggerate the variety of live performances.D.overestima
12、te the value of live performances.(4).According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?（分数：2.00）A.They are often inferior to live concerts in quality.B.They are easily accessible to the general public.C.They help improve the quality of music.D.They have only covered masterpieces.(
13、5).Regarding Gilbert s role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feels（分数：2.00）A.doubtful.B.enthusiastic.C.confident.D.puzzled.It used to be so straightforward. A team of researchers working together in the laboratory would submit the results of their research to a journal. A journal editor
14、would then remove the authors names and affiliations from the paper and send it to their peers for review. Depending on the comments received, the editor would accept the paper for publication or decline it. Copyright rested with the journal publisher, and researchers seeking knowledge of the result
15、s would have to subscribe to the journal. No longer. The Internetand pressure from funding agencies, who are questioning why commercial publishers are making money from government-funded research by restricting access to itis making access to scientific results a reality. The Organization for Econom
16、ic Co-operation and Development(OECD)has just issued a report describing the far-reaching consequences of this. The report, by John Houghton of Victoria University in Australia and Graham Vickery of the OECD, makes heavy reading for publishers who have, so far, made handsome profits. But it goes fur
17、ther than that. It signals a change in what has, until now, been a key element of scientific endeavor. The value of knowledge and the return on the public investment in research depends, in part, upon wide distribution and ready access. It is big business. In America, the core scientific publishing
18、market is estimated at between $7 billion and $11 billion. The International Association of Scientific, Technical and Medical Publishers says that there are more than 2, 000 publishers worldwide specializing in these subjects. They publish more than 1.2 million articles each year in some 16, 000 jou
19、rnals. This is now changing. According to the OECD report, some 75% of scholarly journals are now online. Entirely new business models are emerging; three main ones were identified by the report s authors. There is the so-called big deal, where institutional subscribers pay for access to a collectio
20、n of online journal titles through site-licensing agreements. There is open-access publishing, typically supported by asking the author(or his employer)to pay for the paper to be published. Finally, there are open-access archives, where organizations such as universities or international laboratorie
21、s support institutional repositories. Other models exist that are hybrids of these three, such as delayed open-access, where journals allow only subscribers to read a paper for the first six months, before making it freely available to everyone who wishes to see it. All this could change the traditi
22、onal form of the peer-review process, at least for the publication of papers.（分数：10.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author discusses（分数：2.00）A.the background information of journal editing.B.the publication routine of laboratory reports.C.the relations of authors with journal publishers.D.the tra
23、ditional process of journal publication.(2).Which of the following is true of the OECD report?（分数：2.00）A.It criticizes government-funded research.B.It introduces an effective means of publication.C.It upsets profit-making journal publishers.D.It benefits scientific research considerably.(3).Accordin
24、g to the text, online publication is significant in that（分数：2.00）A.it provides an easier access to scientific results.B.it brings huge profits to scientific researchers.C.it emphasizes the crucial role of scientific knowledge.D.it facilitates public investment in scientific research.(4).With the ope
25、n-access publishing model, the author of a paper is required to（分数：2.00）A.cover the cost of its publication.B.subscribe to the journal publishing it.C.allow other online journals to use it freely.D.complete the peer-review before submission.(5).Which of the following best summarizes the main idea of
26、 the text?（分数：2.00）A.The Internet is posing a threat to publishers.B.A new mode of publication is emerging.C.Authors welcome the new channel for publication.D.Publication is rendered easier by online service.In spite of “endless talk of difference“, American society is an amazing machine for homogen
27、izing people. There is “the democratizing uniformity of dress and discourse, and the casualness and absence of deference“ characteristic of popular culture. People are absorbed into “a culture of consumption“ launched by the 19th-century department stores that offered “vast arrays of goods in an ele
28、gant atmosphere. Instead of intimate shops catering to a knowledgeable elite“ these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background. This turned shopping into a public and democratic act.“ The mass media, advertising and sports are other forces for homogenization. Immigrants are q
29、uickly fitting into this common culture, which may not be altogether elevating but is hardly poisonous. Writing for the National Immigration Forum, Gregory Rodriguez reports that todays immigration is neither at unprecedented levels nor resistant to assimilation. In 1998 immigrants were 9.8 percent
30、of population; in 1900,13.6 percent. In the 10 years prior to 1990, 3.1 immigrants arrived for every 1, 000 residents; in the 10 years prior to 1890, 9.2 for every 1, 000. Now, consider three indices of assimilationlanguage, home ownership and intermarriage. The 1990 Census revealed that “a majority
31、 of immigrants from each of the fifteen most common countries of origin spoke English well or very well after ten years of residence.“ The children of immigrants tend to be bilingual and proficient in English. “By the third generation, the original language is lost in the majority of immigrant famil
32、ies.“ Hence the description of America as a “graveyard“ for languages. By 1996 foreign-born immigrants who had arrived before 1970 had a home ownership rate of 75.6 percent, higher than the 69.8 percent rate among native-born Americans. Foreign-born Asians and Hispanics “have higher rates of interma
33、rriage than do U.S.-born whites and blacks.“ By the third generation, one third of Hispanic women are married to non-Hispanics, and 41 percent of Asian-American women are married to non-Asians. Rodriguez notes that children in remote villages around the world are fans of superstars like Arnold Schwa
34、rzenegger and Garth Brooks, yet “some Americans fear that immigrants living within the United States remain somehow immune to the nation s assimilative power.“ Are there divisive issues and pockets of seething anger in America? Indeed. It is big enough to have a bit of everything. But particularly w
35、hen viewed against Americas turbulent past, todays social indices hardly suggest a dark and deteriorating social environment.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “homogenizing“(Para. 1)most probably means（分数：2.00）A.identifying.B.associating.C.assimilating.D.monopolizing.(2).According to the author, the department
36、 stores of the 19th century（分数：2.00）A.played a role in the spread of popular culture.B.became intimate shops for common consumers.C.satisfied the needs of a knowledgeable elite.D.owed its emergence to the culture of consumption.(3).The text suggests that immigrants now in the U.S.（分数：2.00）A.are resi
37、stant to homogenization.B.exert a great influence on American culture.C.are hardly a threat to the common culture.D.constitute the majority of the population.(4).Why are Arnold Schwarzenegger and Garth Brooks mentioned in Paragraph 5?（分数：2.00）A.To prove their popularity around the world.B.To reveal
38、the public s fear of immigrants.C.To give examples of successful immigrants.D.To show the powerful influence of American culture.(5).In the author s opinion, the absorption of immigrants into American society is（分数：2.00）A.rewarding.B.successful.C.fruitless.D.harmful.Americans today don t place a ver
39、y high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren t difficul
40、t to find. “Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,“ says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.“ Ravitchs latest book, Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schoo
41、ls, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas a
42、nd understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.“ “Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,“ writes historian and professor
43、Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells
44、 of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We ar
45、e shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.“ Mark Twain s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilizedgoing to school and learning to readso he can preserve
46、his innate goodness. Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders,
47、wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines. School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our countrys educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the l
48、east intellectual promise.“（分数：10.00）(1).What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?（分数：2.00）A.The habit of thinking independently.B.Profound knowledge of the world.C.Practical abilities for future career.D.The confidence in intellectual pursuits.(2).We can learn from the te
49、xt that Americans have a history of（分数：2.00）A.undervaluing intellect.B.favoring intellectualism.C.supporting school reform.D.suppressing native intelligence.(3).The views of Ravitch and Emerson on schooling are（分数：2.00）A.identical.B.similar.C.complementary.D.opposite.(4).Emerson, according to the text, is probably（分数：2.00）A.a pioneer of education reform.B.an opponent of intellectualism.C.
