1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 459 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_There will eventually come a day when The New York
2、 Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,“ the papers publisher said back in 2010. Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to m
3、ake a physical newspaperprinting presses, delivery trucksisnt just expensive; it s excessive at a time when online-only competitors dont have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print and sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterpar
4、ts, revenue from print is still declining. Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti. Peretti says the Times shouldnt waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the
5、right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,“ he said, “but if you discontinue it, youre going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.“ Sometimes thats worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD
6、-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,“ he said. The more turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in change at the Times? “I wouldnt pick a year to end print,“ he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.“ The most loyal customers wo
7、uld still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and theyd feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,“ Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to ge
8、nerate additional revenue.“ In other words, if youre going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $ 500 a yearmore than twice as much as a digital-only su
9、bscription. “Its a really hard thing to do and its a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesnt have a legacy business,“ Peretti remarked. “But were going to have questions like that where we have things were doing that dont make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations,
10、its better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.“（分数：10.00）(1).The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to（分数：2.00）A.the high cost of operation.B.the pressure from its investors.C.the complaints from its readers.D.the increasing online ad sales.(2).Peretti suggests
11、 that, in face of the present situation, the Times should（分数：2.00）A.seek new sources of readership.B.end the print edition for good.C.aim for efficient management.D.make strategic adjustments.(3).It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product“（分数：2.00）A.helps restore the glory of
12、former times.B.is meant for the most loyal customers.C.will have the lost of printing reduced.D.expands the popularity of the paper.(4).Peretti believes that, in a changing world,（分数：2.00）A.legacy businesses are becoming outdated.B.cautiousness facilitates problems-solving.C.aggressiveness better me
13、ets challenges.D.traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.(5).Which of the following would be the best title of the text?（分数：2.00）A.Shift to Online Newspapers All at OnceB.Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your HandC.Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury GoodD.Keep Your Newspaper Forever in FashionIn a sw
14、eeping change to how most of its 1,800 employees are paid, the Union Square Hospitality Group will eliminate tipping at Union Square Cafe and its 12 other restaurants by the end of next year, the companys chief executive, Danny Meyer, said on Wednesday. The move will affect New York City businesses.
15、 The first will be the Modern, inside the Museum of Modern Art, starting next month. The others will gradually follow. A small number of restaurants around the country have reduced or eliminated tipping in the last several years. Some put a surcharge on the bill, allowing the restaurants to set the
16、pay for all their employees. Others, including Bruno Pizza, a new restaurant in the East Village, factor the cost of an hourly wage for servers into their menu prices. Union Square Hospitality Group will do the latter. The Modern will be the pilot restaurant, Mr. Meyer said, because its chef, Abram
17、Bissell, has been agitating for higher pay to attract skilled cooks. The average hourly wage for kitchen employees at the restaurant is expected to rise to $15.25 from $11.75. Mr. Meyer said that restaurants such as his needed to stay competitive as the state moved to a $15 minimum wage for fast-foo
18、d workers. If cooks wages do not keep pace with the cost of living, he said, “its not going to be sustainable to attract the culinary talent that the city needs to keep its edge.“ Mr. Meyer said he hoped to be able to raise pay for junior dining room managers and for cooks, dishwashers and other kit
19、chen workers. The wage gap is one of several issues cited by restaurateurs who have deleted the tip line from checks. Some believe it is unfair for servers pay to be affected by factors that have nothing to do with performance. A rash of class-action lawsuits over tipping irregularities, many of whi
20、ch have been settled for millions of dollars, is a mounting worry. Scott Rosenberg, an owner of Sushi Yasuda in Manhattan, said in an interview in 2013 that he had e-liminated tipping so his restaurant could more closely follow the customs of Japan, where tipping is rare. He said he also hoped his c
21、ustomers would enjoy leaving the table without having to solve a math problem. While Drew Nieporent, who owns nine restaurants in New York City and one in London, said he doubted the average diner would accept an increase in prices. “Tipping is a way of life in this country,“ he said. “It may not be
22、 the perfect system, but it s our system. It s an American system.“（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph,what would happen in New York City?（分数：2.00）A.1,800 employees of the Union Square Hospitality Group will be paid as much as before.B.Tips in 13 restaurants of the Union Square Hospitalit
23、y Group will be removed.C.All the business will be affected by Danny Meyer s action and eliminate tipping.D.There will be a new tipping system in the Modern, inside the Museum of Modern Art.(2).By “do the latter“(Para. 2), the writer probably means Union Square Hospitality Group will（分数：2.00）A.reduc
24、e tips.B.decrease prices.C.explain that prices include “hospitality“.D.provide blank lines for tips on checks.(3).Why does Danny Meyer make the Modern be the first restaurant to eliminate tipping?（分数：2.00）A.Tips can not be distributed to its skilled cooks.B.Its chef argues strongly for higher pay to
25、 attract culinary talents.C.The wages its cooks earn do not keep pace with the cost of living.D.Compensation chefs receive remains roughly the same with servers.(4).It is believed that customer service workers may NOT receive tips based on（分数：2.00）A.their service.B.the weather.C.race and age.D.their
26、 customer s moods.(5).The author s attitude towards tips elimination seems to be（分数：2.00）A.favorable.B.skeptical.C.uncertain.D.objective.Cyberspace, data superhighways, multi mediafor those who have seen the future, the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives forever. Y
27、et for all the talk of a forthcoming technological Utopia, little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor. As with all new high technology, while the West concerns itself with the “how“, the question of “for whom“ is put aside once again. Economists are only n
28、ow realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected the world economy. Information technology allows the extension of trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transnational corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rate
29、s and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the haves to increase their control on global marketswith destructive impact on the have-nots. For them the result is instability. Developing countries which r
30、ely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As “futures“ are traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies. So what are the options for regaining control? O
31、ne alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselvesso-called “development communications“ modernization. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries economies. Communications technology is ge
32、nerally exported from the U.S., Europe or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized countries. It is also expensive, and imported products and services must therefore be bought on creditcredit usually provided by the very countries whose compan
33、ies stand to gain. Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise to exploit it for native development. This means that while local elites, foreign communities and subsidiaries of transnational corporations may benefit, those whose lives depend on access t
34、o the information are denied it.（分数：10.00）(1).From the passage, we know that the development of high technology is in the interests of（分数：2.00）A.the rich countries.B.scientific development.C.the elite.D.the world economy.(2).It can be inferred from the passage that（分数：2.00）A.international trade shou
35、ld be expanded.B.the interests of the poor countries have not been given enough consideration.C.the exports of the poor countries should be increased.D.communications technology in the developing countries should be modernized.(3).Why does the author say that the electronic economy may have a destru
36、ctive impact on developing countries?（分数：2.00）A.Because it enables the developed countries to control the international market.B.Because it destroys the economic balance of the poor countries.C.Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.D.Because it inhibits the industrial gro
37、wth of developing countries.(4).The development of modern communications technology in developing countries may（分数：2.00）A.hinder their industrial production.B.cause them to lose control of their trade.C.force them to reduce their share of exports.D.cost them their economic independence.(5).The autho
38、r s attitude toward the communications revolution is（分数：2.00）A.positive.B.critical.C.indifferent.D.tolerant.Cigarette smoking is a health hazard of sufficient importance in the United States. It was 50 years ago this month that America s Surgeon General sounded that warning, marking the beginning of
39、 the end of cigarette manufacturingand of smoking itselfas a respectable activity. Some 20 million Americans have died from the habit since then. But advertising restrictions and smoking bans have had their effect: the proportion of American adults who smoke has dropped from 43% to 18%; smoking rate
40、s among teenagers are at a record low. In many other countries the trends are similar. The current Surgeon General, Boris Lushniak, marked the half-century with a report on January 17th, declaring smoking even deadlier than previously thought. He added diabetes, colorectal cancer and other ailments
41、to the list of ills it causes, and promised end-game strategies to extinguish cigarettes altogether. New technologies such as e-cigarettes promise to deliver nicotine less riskily. E-cigarettes give users a hit of vapour infused with nicotine. In America, sales of the manufacturer, who is the fastes
42、t e-cigarettes-adopter, have jumped from nearly nothing five years ago to at least 1 billion in 2013. At first, it looked as if e-cigarettes might lure smokers from the big tobacco brands to startups such as NJOY. But tobacco companies have bigger war chests , more knowledge of smokers habits and be
43、tter ties to distributors than the newcomers. Some experts reckon Americans will puff more e-cigarettes than normal ones within a decade, but tobacco folk are skeptical. E-cigarettes account for just 1% of Americas cigarette market. In Europe 7% of smokers had tried e-cigarettes by 2012 but only 1%
44、kept them up. And no one knows what sort of restrictions regulators will eventually place on reduced risk products, including e-cigarettes. If these companies can manage the transition to less harmful smokes, and convince regulators to be sensible, the tobacco giants could keep up the sort of perfor
45、mance that has made their shares such a fine investment over the years. But some analysts are not so sure. Many tobacco firms are struggling to deliver the consistency of the earnings-per-share model weve seen in the past. If that persists, investors may fall out of love with the industry. A half-ce
46、ntury after the Surgeon General s alarm, they, and hopeless smokers, are its last remaining friends.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that cigarette manufacturing in the United States（分数：2.00）A.was of sufficient importance.B.was put forward by America s Surgeon General.C.began to go d
47、ownhill.D.used to be an honorable activity.(2).According to the passage, e-cigarettes（分数：2.00）A.supply smokers with nicotine more safely.B.help the fastest e-cigarettes-adopter gain sales 1 billion times.C.are mastered by all tobacco firms as a new technology.D.have lured smokers from the big tobacc
48、o brands to startups.(3).The phases “war chests“(Para. 5)most probably means（分数：2.00）A.space.B.funds.C.networks.D.competitors.(4).The smokers attitude toward the consumption of e-cigarettes is（分数：2.00）A.pessimistic.B.uncertain.C.optimistic.D.doubtful.(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.T
49、he potency of tobacco s advertising bans.B.The hostile regulatory climate of tobacco in the U.SC.The current situation and challenge of big tobacco firms.D.The introduction and growth of e-cigarettes.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 459 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_
