1、考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 450 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court h
2、as overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct , which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari automobile from a company seeking access to government. The high court s dec
3、ision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,“ or the former governors decisions on “specific“ and “unsettled“ issues related to his duties. Merely helping a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent t
4、o pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found. The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful“ and “nasty.“ But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arrangin
5、g a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.“ The court s ruling is legally sound in defining a kind of favoritism that is not criminal. Elected leaders must be allowed to help supporters deal with bureaucratic problems without fear of prosecution for bribery. “The
6、basic compact underlying representative government,“ wrote Chief Justice John Robert for the court, “assumes that public officials will hear from their constituents and act on their concerns.“ But the ruling reinforces the need for citizens and their elected representatives, not the courts, to ensur
7、e equality of access to government. Officials must not be allowed to play favorites in providing information or in arranging meetings simply because an individual or group provides a campaign donation or a personal gift. This type of integrity requires well-enforced laws in government transparency,
8、such as records of official meetings, rules on lobbying, and information about each elected leaders sources of wealth. Favoritism in official access can fan public perceptions of corruption. But it is not always corruption. Rather officials must avoid double standards, or different types of access f
9、or average people and the wealthy. If connections can be bought, a basic premise of democratic societythat all are equal in treatment by governmentis undermined. Good governance rests on an understanding of the inherent worth of each individual. The court s ruling is a step forward in the struggle a
10、gainst both corruption and official favoritism.（分数：10.00）(1).The underlined sentence(Para. 1)most probably shows that the court（分数：2.00）A.avoided defining the extent of McDonnell s duties.B.made no compromise in convicting McDonnell.C.was contemptuous of McDonnells conduct.D.refused to comment on Mc
11、Donnell s ethics.(2).According to Paragraph 4, an official act is deemed corruptive only if it involves（分数：2.00）A.concrete returns for gift-givers.B.sizable gains in the form of gifts.C.leaking secrets intentionally.D.breaking contracts officially.(3).The court s ruling is based on the assumption th
12、at public officials are（分数：2.00）A.allowed to focus on the concerns of their supporters.B.qualified to deal independently with bureaucratic issues.C.justified in addressing the needs of their constituents.D.exempt from conviction on the charge of favoritism.(4).Well-enforced laws in government transp
13、arency are needed to（分数：2.00）A.awaken the conscience of officials.B.guarantee fair play in official access.C.allow for certain kinds of lobbying.D.inspire hopes in average people.(5).The author s attitude toward the court s ruling is（分数：2.00）A.sarcastic.B.tolerant.C.skeptical.D.supportive.In the 200
14、6 film version of The Devil Wears Prada , Miranda Priestly, played by Meryl Streep, scolds her unattractive assistant for imagining that high fashion doesnt affect her, Priestly explains how the deep blue color of the assistant s sweater descended over the years from fashion shows to departments sto
15、res and to the bargain bin in which the poor girl doubtless found her garment. This top-down conception of the fashion business couldn t be more out of date or at odds with the feverish world described in Overdressed, Elizabeth Clines three-year indictment of “fast fashion“. In the last decade or so
16、, advances in technology have allowed mass-market labels such as Zara, H her example can t be knocked off. Though several fast-fashion companies have made efforts to curb their impact on labor and the environmentincluding H people will only start shopping more sustainably when they cant afford not t
17、o.（分数：10.00）(1).Priestly criticizes her assistant for her（分数：2.00）A.poor bargaining skill.B.insensitivity to fashion.C.obsession with high fashion.D.lack of imagination.(2).According to Cline, mass-market labels urge consumers to（分数：2.00）A.combat unnecessary waste.B.shut out the feverish fashion wor
18、ld.C.resist the influence of advertisements.D.shop for their garments more frequently.(3).The word “indictment“(Para. 2)is closest in meaning to（分数：2.00）A.accusation.B.enthusiasm.C.indifference.D.tolerance.(4).Which of the following can be inferred from the last paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.Vanity has more
19、often been found in idealists.B.The fast-fashion industry ignores sustainability.C.People are more interested in unaffordable garments.D.Pricing is vital to environment-friendly purchasing.(5).What is the subject of the text?（分数：2.00）A.Satire on an extravagant lifestyle.B.Challenge to a high-fashion
20、 myth.C.Criticism of the fast-fashion industry.D.Exposure of a mass-market secret.France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for women. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week to a la
21、w that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways. The parliament also a-greed to ban websites that “incite excessive thinness“ by promoting extreme dieting. Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up impinging o
22、n health. That s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starving themselves to deathas some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it must take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape-measure th
23、ey must use to determine their individual worth. The bans, if fully enforced, would suggest to women(and many men)that they should not let others be arbiters of their beauty. And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieti
24、ng their way to size zero or wasp-waist physiques. The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deepand bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mass could result
25、 in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison. The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, the United States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standards for models and fashion images that rely mor
26、e on peer pressure for enforcement. In contrast to Frances actions, Denmarks fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding the age, health, and other characteristics of models. The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical Charter clearly states: “We are aware of and take responsibi
27、lity for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people.“ The charters main tool of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen Fashion Week(CFW), which is run by the Danish Fashion Institute. But in general it relies on a name-and-
28、shame method of compliance. Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first paragraph, what woul
29、d happen in France?（分数：2.00）A.Physical beauty would be redefined.B.New runways would be constructed.C.Websites about dieting would thrive.D.The fashion industry would decline.(2).The phrase “impinging on“(Line 2, Para. 2)is closest in meaning to（分数：2.00）A.heightening the value of.B.indicating the st
30、ate of.C.losing faith in.D.doing harm to.(3).Which of the following is true of the fashion industry?（分数：2.00）A.The French measures have already failed.B.New standards are being set in Denmark.C.Models are no longer under peer pressure.D.Its inherent problems are getting worse.(4).A designer is most
31、likely to be rejected by CFW for（分数：2.00）A.setting a high age threshold for models.B.caring too much about models character.C.showing little concern for health factors.D.pursuing perfect physical conditions.(5).Which of the following may be the best title of the text?（分数：2.00）A.The Great Threats to
32、the Fashion IndustryB.Just Another Round of Struggle for BeautyC.A Dilemma for the Starving Models in FranceD.A Challenge to the Fashion Industry s Body IdealsIn order to “change lives for the better“ and reduce “dependency“, George Osborne, Chancellor of the Exchequer, introduced the “upfront work
33、search“ scheme. Only if the jobless arrive at the jobcentre with a CV, register for online job search, and start looking for work will they be eligible for benefitand then they should report weekly rather than fortnightly. What could be more reasonable? More apparent reasonableness followed. There w
34、ill now be a seven-day wait for the jobseekers allowance. “Those first few days should be spent looking for work, not looking to sign on ,“ he claimed. “Were doing these things because we know they help people stay off benefits and help those on benefits get into work faster“ Help? Really? On first
35、hearing, this was the socially concerned chancellor, trying to change lives for the better, complete with “reforms“ to an obviously indulgent system that demands too little effort from the newly unemployed to find work, and subsidises laziness. What motivated him, we were to understand, was his zeal
36、 for “fundamental fairness“protecting the taxpayer, controlling spending and ensuring that only the most deserving claimants received their benefits. Losing a job is hurting: you dont skip down to the jobcentre with a song in your heart, delighted at the prospect of doubling your income from the gen
37、erous state. It is financially terrifying, psychologically embarrassing and you know that support is minimal and extraordinarily hard to get. You are now not wanted; you are now excluded from the work environment that offers purpose and structure in your life. Worse, the crucial income to feed yours
38、elf and your family and pay the bills has disappeared. Ask anyone newly unemployed what they want and the answer is always: a job. But in Osborneland, your first instinct is to fall into dependencypermanent dependency if you can get itsupported by a state only too ready to indulge your falsehood. It
39、 is as though 20 years of ever-tougher reforms of the job search and benefit administration system never happened. The principle of British welfare is no longer that you can insure yourself against the risk of unem ployment and receive unconditional payments if the disaster happens. Even the very ph
40、rase “jobseekers allowance“ is about redefining the unemployed as a “jobseeker“ who had no fundamental right to a benefit he or she has earned through making national insurance contributions. Instead, the claimant receives a time-limited “allowance,“ conditional on actively seeking a job; no entitle
41、ment and no insurance, at 71.70 a week, one of the least generous in the EU.（分数：10.00）(1).George Osborne s scheme was intended to（分数：2.00）A.provide the unemployed with easier access to benefits.B.encourage jobseekers active engagement in job seeking.C.motivate the unemployed to report voluntarily.D.
42、guarantee jobseekers legitimate right to benefits.(2).The phrase “to sign on“(Para. 2)most probably means（分数：2.00）A.to check on the availability of jobs at the jobcentre.B.to accept the government s restrictions on the allowance.C.to register for an allowance from the government.D.to attend a govern
43、mental job-training program.(3).What prompted the chancellor to develop his scheme?（分数：2.00）A.A desire to secure a better life for all.B.An eagerness to protect the unemployed.C.An urge to be generous to the claimants.D.A passion to ensure fairness for taxpayers.(4).According to Paragraph 3, being u
44、nemployed makes one feel（分数：2.00）A.uneasy.B.enraged.C.insulted.D.guilty.(5).To which of the following would the author most probably agree?（分数：2.00）A.The British welfare system indulges jobseekers laziness.B.Osborne s reforms will reduce the risk of unemployment.C.The jobseekers allowance has met th
45、eir actual needs.D.Unemployment benefits should not be made conditional.考研英语（阅读）模拟试卷 450 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing
46、A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：In a rare unanimous ruling, the US Supreme Court has overturned the corruption conviction of a former Virginia governor, Robert McDonnell. But it did so while holding its nose at the ethics of his conduct , which included accepting gifts such as a Rolex watch and a Ferrari
47、 automobile from a company seeking access to government. The high court s decision said the judge in Mr. McDonnell s trail failed to tell a jury that it must look only at his “official acts,“ or the former governors decisions on “specific“ and “unsettled“ issues related to his duties. Merely helping
48、 a gift-giver gain access to other officials, unless done with clear intent to pressure those officials, is not corruption, the justices found. The court did suggest that accepting favors in return for opening doors is “distasteful“ and “nasty.“ But under anti-bribery laws, proof must be made of concrete benefits, such as approval of a contract or regulation. Simply arranging a meeting, making a phone call, or hosting an event is not an “official act.“ The court s ruling is legally sound in
