1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 82 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_We are the sum of our actions. I believe that the ac
2、tions you take determine who you are. But, you say, I had an abusive father/mother, I was poor growing up, I just wasn“t born smart, I have a disease . All of these things do not make you who you are, they only broaden your knowledge or experience, they are things that happen to you, circumstances.
3、You are not the sum of your circumstances, but of your re“actions“ to them. This is why rich kids become drug addicts or wife beaters, kids from the ghetto become doctors or loving fathers, and everything in between. All walks of life produce all walks of life, which proves that the environmental va
4、riables are not the determining factors. It is all about your choices/reactions/ actions/behavior. Every human being has within them a mechanism that guides their actions. The more you rebel against your inner guide, the more you tune your selective hearing to the “me“ channel, the farther down the
5、“bad“ side of the scale you will slide. On the other hand, if you not only listen to but act upon, the “universal“ channel, the farther up the “good“ side of the scale you will fly. Even Psychiatrists have in recent years discovered that in order to change thinking, a person must first change behavi
6、or. At first thought, it would seem the opposite is true, it is not. We all have the same range of human emotions. When we feel slighted, it sounds in our heads like “I want to slap them, curse them, get even, and cause them the same pain they caused me“. Acting upon these thoughts perpetuates cycle
7、s of abuse, addiction, and pain. It“s when you choose not to act upon these thoughts, and instead, forgive and heal, that your thoughts and perceptions will start to change also. You change because right actions produce right results. You are choosing to heal properly by forgiving, and accepting lif
8、e and mankind as it is, and in turn yourself as you are, which is the only way to have peace, joy, and true happiness. I will admit that if you have a parent who accepts you as a whole person, inclusive of “good and bad“, you may have an edge or jumpstart on understanding life, yourself, and others.
9、 If you don“t, it may just take you longer to understand, accept, and act on it. Either way, who you are is determined by you, and you are determined by your actions. So, tune in everybody, to that universal channel, and act right!（分数：10.00）(1).The author suggests that an abusive parent a person onc
10、e had _.（分数：2.00）A.enriches both his knowledge and experienceB.passes down a threatening personality to himC.has little to do with what kind of person he isD.determines the tough circumstances he lives in(2).By saying “All walks of life produce all walks of life“, the author means that _.（分数：2.00）A.
11、poor children are more likely to succeed in their workB.wealthy children tend to be indulged in drug addictionC.the occupation a person engages affects his personalityD.everyone may succeed no matter what career he pursues(3).The author argues that we should_.（分数：2.00）A.follow our inner guide in eve
12、rything we doB.listen to and act upon the channel we selectC.fly up rather than slide down the social scaleD.conform to the universal mechanism within us(4).The example of what we think when we feel slighted is given to show that _.（分数：2.00）A.it is uncivilized to think of retaliationB.we have to cul
13、tivate our behavior firstC.our behavior is guided by our thoughtD.human beings share similar emotions(5).The text is intended to show that _.（分数：2.00）A.we should accept life and mankind as it isB.it is better to have an empathizing parentC.everyone is determined by what he doesD.understanding life p
14、romotes right actionIf you smoke, no one needs to tell you how bad it is. So why haven“t you quit? Why hasn“t everyone? Because smoking feels good. It stimulates and focuses the mind at the same time that it soothes and satisfies. The concentrated dose of nicotine in a drag off a cigarette triggers
15、an immediate flood of dopamine and other neurochemicals that wash over the brain“s pleasure centers. Inhaling tobacco smoke is the quickest, most efficient way to get nicotine to the brain. “I completely understand why you wouldn“ t want to give it up,“ said Dr. David Abrams, an addiction researcher
16、 at the National Institutes of Health. “It“s more difficult to get off nicotine than heroin or cocaine. “ Smoking “hijacks“ the reward systems in the brain that drive you to seek food, water and sex, Dr. Abrams explained, driving you to seek nicotine with the same urgency. “Your brain thinks that th
17、is has to do with survival of the species,“ he said. Nicotine isn“t equally addictive for everyone. A lot of people do not smoke because they never liked it to begin with. Then there are “chippers“, who smoke occasionally but never seem to get hooked. But most people who smoke will eventually do it
18、all day, every day. New discoveries in genetics may explain why certain people take to smoking with such gusto and end up so addicted. Some people, for instance, produce a gene encoded enzyme that clears nicotine from their bloodstreams rapidly, so they tend to smoke more and develop stronger addict
19、ions. Others possess special receptors in the brain that bond extra tightly with nicotine, giving them an especially intense high that makes it harder to quit. Drug makers are exploiting the science of addiction to create novel treatments to help smokers quit. Meanwhile, experts continue to recommen
20、d the old standbys: nicotine replacement gums, patches, nasal sprays, inhalers and lozenges, which have been proved to be safe. Still, no treatment works for everyone. And even with the most successful treatments, only about 30 percent of attempts to quit last more than six months. Compared with wil
21、lpower alone, however, that“s a huge improvement. Fewer than one in 10 smokers who go it alone manages to go six months without a cigarette. Most do not make it past a week. When longtime smokers finally do quit, they soon realize that not smoking doesn“t necessarily make them nonsmokers. That“s wha
22、t counseling is for- learning to function without nicotine and to cope with the cues that trigger smoking urges. Most important, former smokers have to rediscover that it is possible to enjoy life without cigarettes, although the yearning may never die completely.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying “If you smok
23、e, no one needs to tell you how bad it is. “, the author means that_.（分数：2.00）A.few people quit smoking successfullyB.no one can dissuade you from smokingC.we understand that smoking feels goodD.everyone knows how harmful smoking is(2).In the opinion of Dr. Abrams, people wouldn“t want to give up sm
24、oking because it _.（分数：2.00）A.can efficiently get nicotine to the brainB.drives them to seek food, water and sexC.calms, satisfies, and stimulates the mindD.has to do with the survival of the species(3).Most smokers are addicted to smoking in that they _.（分数：2.00）A.take to it to hegin withB.create a
25、 special enzymeC.are likely to gel hookedD.consume nicotine rapidly(4).Nicotine replacement products are still recommended since they _.（分数：2.00）A.guarantee abstinence from smokingB.cause little or no harm to the usersC.do not require any prescriptionD.help smokers quit thoroughly(5).After a smoker
26、finally quits smoking, he _.（分数：2.00）A.needs counseling for getting rid of smoking urgesB.is completely and happily satisfied with his successC.has to adapt himself to a new life free from nicotineD.comprehends what a nonsmoker really means to himThe “demographic winter“ is coming. So warns a new do
27、cumentary of the same name. What is the demographic winter? The phrase, according to the film“s promotional materials, “denotes the worldwide decline in birthrates, and what that portends“. I doubt that the “demographic winter“ portends economic collapse or social deterioration, but let us set that
28、aside, and instead ask why people are choosing to have fewer children? After all, voluntary childlessness seems to violate the Darwinian premise that our genes dispose us, like all other creatures, to try to reproduce. Demographic Winter asserts that “every aspect of modernity works against family l
29、ife and in favor of singleness and small families or voluntary childlessness“. And surely they are right. Modern societies offer people many other satisfactions and choices outside of the family. In particular women find that their time becomes more highly valued in occupations outside the home. The
30、re are no iron laws of demography)but one that comes pretty close is that the more educated women are, the fewer children they tend to have. The most profound event of the 20th century may have been the sexual revolution“s drive toward gender equality, enabled by modern contraception. Unlike other c
31、reatures, people can have the fun of sex without the side effect of parenthood. So, modernity essentially transforms children from capital goods that produce family income into consumption items to be enjoyed for their own sakes, more akin to sculptures, paintings, or theatre. But that“s just the pr
32、oblemaccording to happiness researchers, people don“t really enjoy rearing children. “Economists have modeled the impact of many variables on people“s overall happiness and have consistently found that children have only a small impact. A small negative impact,“ reports Harvard psychologist and happ
33、iness researcher Daniel Gilbert. “Indeed, looking after the kids appears to be only slightly more pleasant than doing housework,“ asserts Gilbert in his best selling, Stumbling on Happiness. Gilbert suggests that people claim their kids are their chief source of happiness largely because it“s what t
34、hey are expected to say. In addition, Gilbert observes that the more people pay for an item, the more highly they tend to value it and children are expensive, even if you don“t throw in piano lessons, soccer camps, and college tuitions. Gilbert further notes that the more children people have, the l
35、ess happy they tend to be. Since that is the case, it is not surprising that people are choosing to have fewer children.（分数：10.00）(1).It seems that the “demographic winter“ is _,（分数：2.00）A.unavoidableB.devastatingC.threateningD.preventable(2).According to the text, the “demographic winter“ means _,（
36、分数：2.00）A.the inevitable collapse of economyB.the deterioration of human societyC.the violation of Darwinian theoryD.the decline of world population(3).The author agrees with Demographic Winter that modern people _.（分数：2.00）A.voluntarily choose childlessnessB.prefer small families to big onesC.enjoy
37、 gender equality thoroughlyD.try their best to avoid family life(4).People choose to have fewer children because they_.（分数：2.00）A.don“t like them very muchB.feel exhausted to raise themC.value their occupations mostD.pursue pleasure rather than toil(5).The text is chiefly about_.（分数：2.00）A.what the
38、demographic winter meansB.why people highly value their kidsC.why people are having fewer kidsD.what matters most in people“s lifeNothing diminishes a great plan for success like a cloud of self doubt. It“ s difficult to prove your abilities with an attitude that you don“t have what it takes. If you
39、 don“t believe you can succeed, why should anyone else? How you approach your self-doubt determines your own rate of success. Self-doubt is an easy trap to fall into. It“s all about fear of the unknown. Because you have not yet completed your plan for success, there is an underlying risk that you wi
40、ll fail. You know, the little voice that says “you can“t do this. “ That little voice needs to disappear from your mind. This is the hardest part, but don“t throw yourself into a pit of disparity. It“s human nature to be afraid of doing something you“ve never done before. It lends to a general conce
41、ption that self-doubt is a part of life, but so is overcoming self doubt. The most important tool for dealing with self doubt is perseverance. If you are prepared to get back up every time you fall flat on your face, there is a strong likelihood that you will succeed. At the very least, you will suc
42、ceed in not being a quitter. If you give up, you will never know if you could have succeeded. You must remember that hard work pays off and perseverance is hard work. Few great things in life occur without determination and hard work. Great accomplishments are the direct result of hard work. If you
43、have doubts about yourself, you are not alone. Most people battle with self-doubt at some point in time, if not all of the time, but the person who succeeds knows how to deal with it. It“s important to remember not to be too hard on yourself and keep it positive. Make a list of the doubts you have a
44、bout yourself, and then come up with a list of solutions. Sometimes seeing how to solve problems on paper is just the boost of confidence you need to get through the problems that are at the core of self-doubt. Another thing to remember when nixing self-doubt is to take it one day at a time. Expect
45、bad days. Expect hurdles, but also realize that they are mere obstacles in your journey. If you have a bad day, then make the next one count. Don“t stop trying, or you will surely lose, and losers never win.（分数：10.00）(1).The author argues that the plan for success_.（分数：2.00）A.weakens one“s unrealist
46、ic aspirationB.determines whether one can succeedC.lessens without confidence in oneselfD.is like a dream of something one chases(2).The author asserts that self-doubt is（分数：2.00）A.a negative attitude toward risk in lifeB.a pitfall everyone is bound to fall intoC.a disorder everyone has to suffer fr
47、omD.a mentality one has to struggle with in life(3).To overcome self-doubt, one should_.（分数：2.00）A.persist steadfastly in pursuit of his undertakingB.defeat the doubtful thoughts with determinationC.do his best to get up when falling flat on his faceD.believe in his ability to do anything he dreams
48、about(4).To build self confidence, you should_.（分数：2.00）A.focus enough on the needs of other peopleB.keep a positive attitude toward what happensC.concentrate on your contribution to the worldD.find solutions to all your doubts about yourself(5).To conquer self-doubt, we should_.（分数：2.00）A.swerve to
49、 avoid every obstacle in our journeyB.be prepared to break down the barriers we meetC.realize that it is an inevitable obstacle in our lifeD.be able to identify the situations where it arises考研英语（阅读）-试卷 82 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_
