1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 79 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_As a young mother, every morning at 4 : 30 a. m. Kim
2、berly Moore would drop off her young child at her mother-in-law“s home before reporting to work at McDonald“s. After a full day at the fast-food chain, according to the Tallahassee Democrat, she got her books together and went to class, first at Tallahassee Community College and then at Florida Stat
3、e University. A single mother, she eventually earned her MBA. Keeping her nose to the grindstone, she rose through the ranks of the business world in Florida, eventually earning the title of Chief Executive Officer of Workforce Plus, a large employment firm. Starting with little more than her own in
4、itiative and drive to succeed, she reached the pinnacle of the business world, making hers an inspiring story of self-made success, a story of a woman living the American dream. As inspiring as Kimberly Moore“s story is, the really amazing thing about it is that it is only a small part of the incred
5、ible tapestry of success that is the American dream. Generations of Americans have believed that in America they can work hard to make a better life for themselves than their parents had before them. And every day Americans head out the door to jobs where, through dedication and perseverance, they w
6、ork harder, longer, and more productively than the citizens of any other nation. Why do they do it? Why do Americans like Kimberly Moore work long hours for low pay only to leave work and put in countless additional hours pursuing education? Why do small investors struggle to find a few dollars here
7、 and there in order to invest in some possibly risky venture? The short answerfor the moneymisses the essential point: Americans do these things, they work harder and longer, because the wealth they earn serves a greater purpose. To the parent who comes home from a hard day at the factory or office,
8、 the son playing basketball in the driveway or the daughter riding her new bicycle on the sidewalk provides reason for any amount of labor, any amount of sacrifice. Americans work for many reasons, but prominent among them is the unwavering desire to provide a good life, and maybe a better life than
9、 they themselves had known, to their children. It happens frequently and spectacularly in America, because Americans are uniquely free.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, Kimberly Moore is_.（分数：2.00）A.both a diligent worker and a top college studentB.the Chief Executive Officer of a fast-food chain
10、C.a role model of self-made success for AmericansD.a classical example to be followed by American women(2).By citing the example of Kimberly Moore, the author intends to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.her story is as inspiring as any other story of successB.nothing is incredible with the American dream in mi
11、ndC.every American can reach the pinnacle of the business worldD.everyone in America can realize his dream with perseverance(3).Most Americans work hard because they（分数：2.00）A.are the most dedicating people in the worldB.expect to have a life better than ever beforeC.believe in both dedication and p
12、erseveranceD.are more interested in work than anything else(4).The author assumes that Americans work long hours for low pay in order to_.（分数：2.00）A.have their children live a better life than themselvesB.reach the top of the business world as soon as possibleC.rise step by step through the ranks of
13、 the business worldD.have time to pursue higher education and get a well-paid job(5).In the author“s opinion, every American can expect to make a better life because_.（分数：2.00）A.America is the wealthiest countryB.he is free to choose his own way of lifeC.ways to make money are many in AmericaD.the A
14、merican dream is something attainableEach stage of life has different major demands mainly because our needs change. As children, security and the family are the priorities although we may not think of them in those terms. It“s where we establish something of who we are. As teenagers, we are testing
15、 the waters of adult life, and as young adults we search for a partner. The drive to fulfill each of these stages is very strong and, as it is usually combined with trying to establish a reasonable education and find work, there are many factors to keep in play. At each stage, if we are lucky, we wi
16、ll have ambitions to fulfill and the means to do that. Some will be driven with almost tunnel vision, others take an easier attitude to getting there, but without dreams it is hard to direct life. If we are fortunate enough to achieve our dreams we can move forward to new ones and the priorities to
17、do that change. For each period of life the priorities are dictated by that stage, and as we grow older, whether we like it or not, we gain experience. Experience permits us to see a broader view if we are wise enough to take on board what is there. As we mature, the rigidity of the idealism of yout
18、h, the black and white approach to life, is tempered by what is possible, kind, just, and fair. Experience helps us to grow if we let it. So often we resist that growth, holding on to entrenched beliefs which do not do us any favors, yet our needs change and we are sometimes forced to be different.
19、Physically, even when we stay fit and able, the body cannot deliver in quite the same way as youth. This comes as a shock to most of us because we all start life in the belief that we are invincible and will live forever. Reality is a bit of a shock. Coming to terms with this understanding allows us
20、 to move forward, and there are benefits which are unexpected. What was desperately important when we were young is suddenly seen in a new light, and a different perception of importance emerges. Extreme age can be as demanding and insensitive as babyhood, so while priorities change through life, it
21、 seems to come the full circle. Humans are a perverse lot. Some never want to grow up, others want to be adults with the perceived privileges of adulthood but never get old. The curious fact is that each age has its charms to be enjoyed at that period, but how we learn to appreciate them is individu
22、al.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the text, children_（分数：2.00）A.are interested in the present rather than the futureB.have different priorities from teenagers and adultsC.require more than both teenagers and young adultsD.have a strong drive to seek security and family care(2).The author believes that a
23、t each stage of life, we _.（分数：2.00）A.have chances of achieving our dreamsB.get ready to move forward to a new oneC.hope to accomplish some specific goalsD.manage the priorities that stage sets forth(3).The author argues that experience _.（分数：2.00）A.prompts us to become more sophisticatedB.prevents
24、us from tunnel vision and rigidityC.gives us wisdom to handle new challengesD.is reluctantly gained with each passing day(4).It is implied in the text that we_.（分数：2.00）A.are forced to adapt to the change of lifeB.depend on experience to move forwardC.are scared of facing the terrifying realityD.sti
25、ck to deep-rooted habits and prejudice(5).Generally speaking, we _.（分数：2.00）A.are obstinate in adhering to whatever is wrongB.reject the right way to live in each period of lifeC.resist the compulsive desire to live a decent lifeD.become easily offended and irritated with agingEven as the U. S. Labo
26、r Department released figures showing that the economy lost more than half a million jobs in April, researchers on Friday made public a large study with an unsettling finding: Losing your job may make you sick. A researcher at the Harvard School of Public analyzed detailed employment and health data
27、 from 8,125 individuals surveyed in 1999, 2001 and 2003 by the U. S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics. Workers who lost a job through no fault of their own, she found, were twice as likely to report developing a new ailment like high blood pressure, diabetes or heart disease over the next year and a h
28、alf, compared to people who were continuously employed. Interestingly, the risk was just as high for those who found new jobs quickly as it was for those who remained unemployed. Though it“s long been known that poor health and unemployment often go together, questions have lingered about whether un
29、employment triggers illness, or whether people in ill health are more likely to leave a job, be fired or laid off. In an attempt to sort out this chicken-or-egg problem, the new study looked specifically at people who lost their jobs through no fault of their ownfor example, because of a plant or bu
30、siness closure. “I was looking at situations in which people lost their job for reasons that . shouldn“t have had anything to do with their health,“ said author Kate W. Strully, an assistant professor of sociology at State University of New York in Albany, who did the research as a Robert Wood Johns
31、on Foundation scholar at the Harvard School of Public Health. “What happens isn“t reflecting a prior condition . “ Only 6 percent of people with steady jobs developed a new health condition during each survey period of about a year and a half, compared with 10 percent of those who had lost a job dur
32、ing the same period. It didn“t matter whether the laid off workers had found new employment; they still had a one in 10 chance of developing a new health condition, Dr. Strully found. David Williams, a professor at the Harvard School of Public Health who was not involved in the research, said the st
33、udy is a reminder that job loss and other life stressors have a tremendous impact on both mental and physical health and contribute to the development of chronic conditions.（分数：10.00）(1).The finding of the large study was disturbing on account of_.（分数：2.00）A.the risen rate of unemploymentB.the likel
34、ihood of anyone“s losing jobsC.the big impact on unemployed peopleD.the release of critical economic figures(2).According to the analysis of a Harvard researcher, if a person becomes unemployed, _.（分数：2.00）A.he is subject to high blood pressure, diabetes or heart diseaseB.he is not likely to develop
35、 any new disease if employed soonC.he is doomed to suffer from a new disease such as diabetesD.he is more likely to develop a new disease in a year or two(3).It is generally believed that job loss_,（分数：2.00）A.does great harm to a person physicallyB.has a certain relationship with ill healthC.is like
36、ly to aggravate one“s mental healthD.is due to one“s incompetence or poor health(4).By saying “a prior condition“ at the end of paragraph 7, the author refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.reasons for losing a jobB.illness before being firedC.the bankruptcy of a plantD.the fault of the employee(5).According to pro
37、fessor David Williams, unemployment_,（分数：2.00）A.may happen to every employeeB.may be a reminder of poor healthC.may be hazardous to one“s healthD.may lead to serious mental illnessIt has been vaguely asserted that “diversity is good. “ If “diversity“ is good, then homogeneity ought to be bad. It oug
38、ht to be very bad in the eyes of the higher education establishment that has fought so vociferously in behalf of diversity. To gauge how uninterested many of America“ s leading colleges and universities are in genuine diversity, consider how homogeneous they“ ve become in recent years, in terms of t
39、he economic backgrounds of the students they recruit, admit, and enroll. Between 2004 and 2006, virtually all the richest and most highly ranked universities cut the percentage of undergraduates from lower-income families who received federal Pell Grants. These highly rated universities(at least as
40、measured by U. S. News they still had a one in 10 chance of developing a new health condition, Dr. Strully found. David Williams, a professor at the Harvard School of Public Health who was not involved in the research, said the study is a reminder that job loss and other life stressors have a tremen
41、dous impact on both mental and physical health and contribute to the development of chronic conditions.（分数：10.00）(1).The finding of the large study was disturbing on account of_.（分数：2.00）A.the risen rate of unemployment B.the likelihood of anyone“s losing jobsC.the big impact on unemployed peopleD.t
42、he release of critical economic figures解析：解析：根据第一段，“恰逢劳动部公布四月份减少了 50 多万个工作岗位的数据时，研究人员公布了失掉工作可能使人生病的发现。”，A 应为答案。(2).According to the analysis of a Harvard researcher, if a person becomes unemployed, _.（分数：2.00）A.he is subject to high blood pressure, diabetes or heart diseaseB.he is not likely to deve
43、lop any new disease if employed soonC.he is doomed to suffer from a new disease such as diabetesD.he is more likely to develop a new disease in a year or two 解析：解析：根据第三段中的“Workers who lost a jobwere twice as likely to report developing a newailmentover the next year and a half”，D 应为答案。(3).It is gene
44、rally believed that job loss_,（分数：2.00）A.does great harm to a person physicallyB.has a certain relationship with ill health C.is likely to aggravate one“s mental healthD.is due to one“s incompetence or poor health解析：解析：根据第五段中的“Though its long been known that poor health and unemployment often gotoge
45、ther，”，B 应为答案。(4).By saying “a prior condition“ at the end of paragraph 7, the author refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.reasons for losing a jobB.illness before being fired C.the bankruptcy of a plantD.the fault of the employee解析：解析：根据第七段“I was looking at situations in which people lost their job for reasons th
46、atshouldnt have had anything to do with their health，What happens isnt reflecting a priorcondition”的上下文，B 应为答案。(5).According to professor David Williams, unemployment_,（分数：2.00）A.may happen to every employeeB.may be a reminder of poor healthC.may be hazardous to one“s health D.may lead to serious me
47、ntal illness解析：解析：根据最后一段中的“David Williamssaid the study is a reminder that job loss and other lifestressors have a tremendous impact on both mental and physical health”，C 应为答案。It has been vaguely asserted that “diversity is good. “ If “diversity“ is good, then homogeneity ought to be bad. It ought t
48、o be very bad in the eyes of the higher education establishment that has fought so vociferously in behalf of diversity. To gauge how uninterested many of America“ s leading colleges and universities are in genuine diversity, consider how homogeneous they“ ve become in recent years, in terms of the e
49、conomic backgrounds of the students they recruit, admit, and enroll. Between 2004 and 2006, virtually all the richest and most highly ranked universities cut the percentage of undergraduates from lower-income families who received federal Pell Grants. These highly rated universities(at least as measured by
