1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 78 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of Ame
2、rica in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company.“ Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,“ McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talk
3、ing for the first time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29. McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his
4、aspirations. And McGee isn“t alone. In recent weeks the No. 2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who don“t get the nod also may wish to move on.
5、 A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations. As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more willing to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a yea
6、r ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders. The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the
7、 rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached . Says Korn / Ferry senior partner Dennis Carey: “I can“t think of a single search I“ve done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first.“ Those who jumped without a job haven“t always landed in top
8、positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana a decade age, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. Robert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financ
9、ial institution three years later. Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was it“ s safer to stay where you are, but that“s been fundamentally inverted,“ says
10、one headhunter. “The people who“ve been hurt the worst are those who“ ve stayed too long.“（分数：10.00）(1).When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as being（分数：2.00）A.arrogant.B.frank.C.self-centered.D.impulsive.(2).According to Paragraph 2, senior executives“ quitting may b
11、e spurred by（分数：2.00）A.their expectation of better financial status.B.their need to reflect on their private life.C.their strained relations with the boards.D.their pursuit of new career goals.(3).The word “poached“(Para. 4)most probably means（分数：2.00）A.approved of.B.attended to.C.hunted for.D.guard
12、ed against.(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.top performers used to cling to their posts.B.loyalty of top performers is getting out-dated.C.top performers care more about reputations.D.it“ s safer to stick to the traditional rules.(5).Which of the following is the best ti
13、tle for the text?（分数：2.00）A.CEOs: Where to Go?B.CEOs: All the Way Up?C.Top Managers Jump without a NetD.The Only Way Out for Top PerformersDuring the past generation, the American middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transfor
14、med by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers,
15、and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today“s families have budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status. As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of
16、financial setbacka back-up earner(usually Mom)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect“ could support the safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption
17、 to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner. During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their retirement income. Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of fam
18、ilies who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payme
19、nts for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families have risenand newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much h
20、igher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families“ future healthcare. Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a weak elderly parentand all the attendant need for physical and financial assistancehave jumped eightfold in just one gener
21、ation. From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The fi
22、nancial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.（分数：10.00）(1).Today“ s double-income families are at greater financial risk in that（分数：2.00）A.the safety net they used to enjoy has disappeared.B.their chances of being laid off have greatly increased.C.they are more vulnerab
23、le to changes in family economics.D.they are deprived of unemployment or disability insurance.(2).As a result of President Bush“ s reform, retired people may have（分数：2.00）A.a higher sense of security.B.less secured payments.C.less chance to invest.D.a guaranteed future.(3).According to the author, h
24、ealth-savings plans will（分数：2.00）A.help reduce the cost of healthcare.B.popularize among the middle class.C.compensate for the reduced pensions.D.increase the families“ investment risk.(4).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.financial risks tend to outweigh political risks.B.th
25、e middle class may face greater political challenges.C.financial problems may bring about political problems.D.financial responsibility is an indicator of political status.(5).Which of the following is the best title for this text?（分数：2.00）A.The Middle Class on the AlertB.The Middle Class on the Cli
26、ffC.The Middle Class in ConflictD.The Middle Class in RuinsCould the bad old days of economic decline be about to return? Since OPEC agreed to supply-cuts in March, the price of crude oil has jumped to almost $26 a barrel, up from less than $10 last December. This near-tripling of oil prices calls u
27、p scary memories of the 1973 oil shock, when prices quadrupled, and 1979-80, when they also almost tripled. Both previous shocks resulted in double-digit inflation and global economic decline. So where are the headlines warning of gloom and doom this time? The oil price was given another push up thi
28、s week when Iraq suspended oil exports. Strengthening economic growth, at the same time as winter grips the northern hemisphere, could push the price higher still in the short term. Yet there are good reasons to expect the economic consequences now to be less severe than in the 1970s. In most countr
29、ies the cost of crude oil now accounts for a smaller share of the price of petrol than it did in the 1970s. In Europe, taxes account for up to four-fifths of the retail price, so even quite big changes in the price of crude have a more muted effect on pump prices than in the past. Rich economies are
30、 also less dependent on oil than they were, and so less sensitive to swings in the oil price. Energy conservation, a shift to other fuels and a decline in the importance of heavy, energy-intensive industries have reduced oil consumption. Software, consultancy and mobile telephones use far less oil t
31、han steel or car production. For each dollar of GDP(in constant prices)rich economies now use nearly 50% less oil than in 1973. The OECD estimates in its latest Economic Outlook that, if oil prices averaged $22 a barrel for a full year, compared with $13 in 1998, this would increase the oil import b
32、ill in rich economies by only 0.25-0.5% of GDP. That is less than one-quarter of the income loss in 1974 or 1980. On the other hand, oil-importing emerging economiesto which heavy industry has shiftedhave become more energy-intensive, and so could be more seriously squeezed. One more reason not to l
33、ose sleep over the rise in oil prices is that, unlike the rises in the 1970s, it has not occurred against the background of general commodity-price inflation and global excess demand. A sizable portion of the world is only just emerging from economic decline. The Economist“s commodity price index is
34、 broadly unchanging from a year ago. In 1973 commodity prices jumped by 70%, and in 1979 by almost 30%.（分数：10.00）(1).The main reason for the latest rise of oil price is（分数：2.00）A.global inflation.B.reduction in supply.C.fast growth in economy.D.Iraq“ s suspension of exports.(2).It can be inferred fr
35、om the text that the retail price of petrol will go up dramatically if（分数：2.00）A.price of crude rises.B.commodity prices rise.C.consumption rises.D.oil taxes rise.(3).The estimates in Economic Outlook show that in rich countries（分数：2.00）A.heavy industry becomes more energy-intensive.B.income loss ma
36、inly results from fluctuating crude oil prices.C.manufacturing industry has been seriously squeezed.D.oil price changes have no significant impact on GDP.(4).We can draw a conclusion from the text that（分数：2.00）A.oil-price shocks are less shocking now.B.inflation seems irrelevant to oil-price shocks.
37、C.energy conservation can keep down the oil prices.D.the price rise of crude leads to the shrinking of heavy industry.(5).From the text we can see that the writer seems（分数：2.00）A.optimistic.B.sensitive.C.gloomy.D.scared.Whatever happened to the death of newspapers? A year ago the end seemed near. Th
38、e recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom . America“s Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitab
39、le corporations? Should the state subsidize them? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date. In much of the world there is little sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled c
40、orner of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same. It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons
41、 that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further. Newspapers are bec
42、oming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development(OECD)
43、. In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable. The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science an
44、d general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.（分数：10.00）(1).By saying “Newspapers like . their own doom“(Para. 1), the author indicates that news-papers（分数：2.00）A.ne
45、glected the sign of crisis.B.failed to get state subsidies.C.were not charitable corporations.D.were in a desperate situation.(2).Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because（分数：2.00）A.readers threatened to pay less.B.newspapers wanted to reduce costs.C.journalists reported l
46、ittle about these areas.D.subscribers complained about slimmer products.(3).Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they（分数：2.00）A.have more sources of revenue.B.have more balanced newsrooms.C.are less dependent on advertising.D.are less affected b
47、y readership.(4).What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?（分数：2.00）A.Distinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers.B.Completeness is to blame for the failure of newspapers.C.Foreign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business.D.Readers have
48、lost their interest in car and film reviews.(5).The most appropriate title for this text would be（分数：2.00）A.American Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryB.American Newspapers: Gone with the WindC.American Newspapers: A Thriving BusinessD.American Newspapers: Struggling for Survival考研英语（阅读）-试卷 78 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：When Liam M
