1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 31 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_When one of his employees phoned in sick last year,
2、Scott McDonald, CEO of Monument Security in Sacramento, California., decided to investigate. He had already informed his staff of 400 security guards and patrol drivers that he was installing Xora, a software program that tracks workers“ whereabouts through GPS technology on their company cell phone
3、s. A Web-based “geo-fence“ around work territories would alert the boss if workers strayed or even drove too fast. It also enabled him to route workers more efficiently. So when McDonald logged on, the program told him exactly where his worker wasand it wasn“t in bed with the sniffles. “How come you
4、“re eastbound on 80 heading to Reno right now if you“re sick?“ asked the boss. There was a long silencethe sound of a job endingfollowed by, “You got me.“ Learn that truth, and learn it well: what you do at work is the boss“s business. Xora is just one of the new technologies from a host of companie
5、s that have sprung up in the past two years peddling products and servicessoftware, GPS, video and phone surveillance, even investigatorsthat let managers get to know you really well. “Virtually nothing you do at work on a computer can“t be monitored,“ says Jeremy Gruber, legal director of the Natio
6、nal Workrights Institute, which advocates workplace privacy. Nine out of 10 employers observe your electronic behavior, according to the Center for Business Ethics at Bentley College. A study by the American Management Association and the ePolicy Institute found 76% of employers watch you surf the W
7、eb and 36% track content, keystrokes and time spent at the keyboard. You can“t really blame companies for watching our Web habits, since 45% of us admit that surfing is our favorite time waster, according to a joint survey by S and AOL. A Northeast technology company found that several employees who
8、 frequently complained of overwork spent all day on MyS-. Businesses argue that their snooping is justified. Not only are they trying to guard trade secrets and intellectual property, but they also must ensure that workers comply with government regulations, such as keeping medical records and credi
9、t-card numbers private. And companies are liable for allowing a hostile work environmentsay, one filled with pom-filled computer screensthat may lead to lawsuits. “People write very loosely with their e-mails, but they can unintentionally reach thousands, like posters throughout a work site,“ says C
10、harles Spearman of diversity-management consultants Tucker Spearman the elites humbly confess their ignorance to Congress or a grand jury, and the search for new patterns begins. Tellingly, scholars date the modem scientific study of wisdom to the work of the American psychologist Vivian Clayton in
11、the malaise-ridden 1970s. Clayton devised the first empirical tests for wisdom, which she defined as the ability to acquire knowledge and analyze it both logically and emotionally-picking up on the work begun by Socrates. So it“s no coincidence that several dozen researchers in fields ranging from n
12、euroscience to art, music and law have just received wisdom-seeking grants under the auspices of the University of Chicago. The $2.7 million program, funded by the Templeton Foundation, is called Defining Wisdom, a name that implies the researchers will know what they were looking for once they find
13、 it. Wisdom, according to Robert J. Sternberg of Tufts University, the author of several books on the topic, is still an obscure field with minimal academic cachet. With so much at stake, the program“s directors, psychologists John Cacioppo and Howard Nusbaum, dismissed the traditional approach to w
14、isdom research; rather they cast their nets wide and deep into the pools of academy. The 38 proposals they approved include ones aimed at finding wisdom in computer operations and in classical literature. Starting at the beginning, one scholar observes that “language is the medium by which wisdom-re
15、lated knowledge is usually conveyed.“ That sounds self-evident, but another scientist proposes to “explore music as a form of wisdom.“ “We are trying to think out of the box,“ says Nusbaum. Cacioppo and Nusbaum dismiss arguments about the inherent circularity of searching for wisdom at the same time
16、 as defining it. But they have some preconceptions about what they expect to find. They see “wisdom“ in part as a corrective to the “rational choice“ pattern of decision making, the foundation of free-market economics. Rational choice holds that everyone“s happiness is best served when people maximi
17、ze their short-term individual gains, even at the expense of the broad interests of society or the long-term future. That is precisely opposite the approach of, for example, ants, which are entirely indifferent to their individual fates and don“t, as a rule, over-expand out of reckless greed.（分数：10.
18、00）(1).#NAME?（分数：2.00）A.The quest for wisdom is an old-fashioned economic indicator.B.When things proceed smoothly, people don“t need to go searching for wisdom.C.Billionaires listed on the Forbes are demonstrating the profits of free market.D.In the long run, all the wealthiest individuals will con
19、fess their ignorance.(2).Which of the following is true of Vivian Clayton?（分数：2.00）A.Scholars considered her work as the start of modern scientific study of wisdom.B.She was one of the greatest American psychologists born in the 1970s.C.She designed empirical tests for wisdom without defining its co
20、ncept.D.She achieved more in the work of questing for wisdom than Socrates.(3).Robert J. Sternberg of Tufts University suggests that（分数：2.00）A.defining wisdom requires joint efforts of different fields.B.research on wisdom still lacks academic achievements.C.wisdom can only be explained with interdi
21、sciplinary supports.D.researchers have to rely on grants for scientific study.(4).The sentence “We are trying to think out of the box“(lines 6-7, Paragraph 4)suggests that（分数：2.00）A.they will try to find wisdom out of the box.B.they will probe deep into the pools of academy.C.they will break away fr
22、om the conventions.D.they will pursue their traditional approach.(5).According to the text, “rational choice“ holds that（分数：2.00）A.decision making is not linked with wisdom in a sense.B.happiness relies on short-term individual gains.C.individual happiness harms the broad interests of society.D.indi
23、vidual fates change with reckless greed.Apart from a new football stadium and some smart university buildings, most of Middlesbrough looks as though it came to a dead halt in the 1980s. It boomed on steel and chemicals after iron ore was discovered in 1850. Just over a century later, as Britain“s tr
24、aditional industries failed, it seemed to have reached the end of the road. Now government leaders hope that splendor and glamour can revive it. The most startling sign of this improbable ambition is an expensive art gallery. The 19.2 million Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art(MIMA)houses the loc
25、al council“s collection of modern British paintings and ceramics. It opens on January 28th with works on loan for the occasion by artists rarely seen in the regionPicasso, Matisse, Jackson Pollockalongside pictures by contemporary names such as Chris Ofili and Damien Hirst. The glass-fronted moderni
26、st gallery, by Dutch architect Erick van Egeraat, sits on once-ruined land opposite the Victorian town hall and 1960s council buildings. The landscaped space in between has become a vast new square. “Middlesbrough lost its heart years ago,“ says Ray Mallon, the town“s frank elected mayor. “Now we ha
27、ve created a new heart.“ Locals are dubious. It looks nice, but they can“t see many people going to it; those who want culture go to Newcastle. Mr. Mallon is not worried by such comments. He says MIMA will lure some of the 7 million people who live within an hour and a half“s drive from the town, an
28、d persuade them to spend money there. With 5% of the town“s 137,600 residents claiming unemploymenttwice the national averageand business registrations at half the national rate, outside money is needed. Using art for regeneration is a well-tried process, especially in northern England. Liverpool“s
29、Tate North gallery and Salford“s Lowry Centre succeed because they are part of bigger attractions and in big cities. But Gateshead“s Baltic Mills art gallery and Sunderland“s National Glass Centre have struggled to draw visitors, and both have needed extra subsidies. Godfrey Worsdale, MIMA“s directo
30、r, reckons he will achieve his aim of 110,000 visitors a year. Galleries that run into trouble, he says, tend to have single themes with niche appeal Still, since 96% of MIMA“s cost has come from public funds and as two-thirds of the 1 million running cost will fall on local taxpayers, the council i
31、s taking a risk. “It is not going to be profitable,“ says Mr. Mallon bravely. “What it can do is make the town profitable.“（分数：10.00）(1).According to the first two paragraphs, the “improbable ambition“(Line 1, Paragraph 2)is（分数：2.00）A.to make Middlesbrough boom on steel and chemicals again.B.to revi
32、ve the traditional industries in Middlesbrough.C.to revive Middlesbrough with glitz and glamour.D.to build an expensive gallery in Middlesbrough.(2).By saying “Middlesbrough lost its heart years ago“(Line 3, Paragraph 3), Ray Mallon implies that the town has lost（分数：2.00）A.its confidence a long time
33、 ago.B.its attraction a long time ago.C.an important organ long ago.D.its way a long time ago.(3).Money from outside the town is quite needed because（分数：2.00）A.few people will pay a visit to Middlesbrough Institute of Modern Art.B.the local unemployment rate is high and business registration rate is
34、 low.C.many people will choose to go to Newcastle to experience culture.D.the town suffers the high unemployment ratetwice the national average.(4).Gateshead“s Baltic Mills art gallery and Sunderland“s National Glass Centre are cited as examples to show that（分数：2.00）A.they are confronted with diffic
35、ulties in appealing to the visitors.B.using art for regeneration ensures the success.C.they are not part of bigger attractions or in big cities.D.using art for regeneration sometimes also takes a risk.(5).It is suggested in the last paragraph that the goal of MIMA is（分数：2.00）A.to make big profits.B.
36、to have single themes with big appeal.C.to bring profits to the whole town.D.to draw as many as 110,000 visitors a year.考研英语（阅读）-试卷 31 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Ans
37、wer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：When one of his employees phoned in sick last year, Scott McDonald, CEO of Monument Security in Sacramento, California., decided to investigate. He had already informed his staff of 400 security guards and patrol drivers that h
38、e was installing Xora, a software program that tracks workers“ whereabouts through GPS technology on their company cell phones. A Web-based “geo-fence“ around work territories would alert the boss if workers strayed or even drove too fast. It also enabled him to route workers more efficiently. So wh
39、en McDonald logged on, the program told him exactly where his worker wasand it wasn“t in bed with the sniffles. “How come you“re eastbound on 80 heading to Reno right now if you“re sick?“ asked the boss. There was a long silencethe sound of a job endingfollowed by, “You got me.“ Learn that truth, an
40、d learn it well: what you do at work is the boss“s business. Xora is just one of the new technologies from a host of companies that have sprung up in the past two years peddling products and servicessoftware, GPS, video and phone surveillance, even investigatorsthat let managers get to know you real
41、ly well. “Virtually nothing you do at work on a computer can“t be monitored,“ says Jeremy Gruber, legal director of the National Workrights Institute, which advocates workplace privacy. Nine out of 10 employers observe your electronic behavior, according to the Center for Business Ethics at Bentley
42、College. A study by the American Management Association and the ePolicy Institute found 76% of employers watch you surf the Web and 36% track content, keystrokes and time spent at the keyboard. You can“t really blame companies for watching our Web habits, since 45% of us admit that surfing is our fa
43、vorite time waster, according to a joint survey by S and AOL. A Northeast technology company found that several employees who frequently complained of overwork spent all day on MyS-. Businesses argue that their snooping is justified. Not only are they trying to guard trade secrets and intellectual p
44、roperty, but they also must ensure that workers comply with government regulations, such as keeping medical records and credit-card numbers private. And companies are liable for allowing a hostile work environmentsay, one filled with pom-filled computer screensthat may lead to lawsuits. “People writ
45、e very loosely with their e-mails, but they can unintentionally reach thousands, like posters throughout a work site,“ says Charles Spearman of diversity-management consultants Tucker Spearman the elites humbly confess their ignorance to Congress or a grand jury, and the search for new patterns begi
46、ns. Tellingly, scholars date the modem scientific study of wisdom to the work of the American psychologist Vivian Clayton in the malaise-ridden 1970s. Clayton devised the first empirical tests for wisdom, which she defined as the ability to acquire knowledge and analyze it both logically and emotion
47、ally-picking up on the work begun by Socrates. So it“s no coincidence that several dozen researchers in fields ranging from neuroscience to art, music and law have just received wisdom-seeking grants under the auspices of the University of Chicago. The $2.7 million program, funded by the Templeton F
48、oundation, is called Defining Wisdom, a name that implies the researchers will know what they were looking for once they find it. Wisdom, according to Robert J. Sternberg of Tufts University, the author of several books on the topic, is still an obscure field with minimal academic cachet. With so much at stake, the program“s directors, psychologists John Cacioppo and Howard Nusbaum, dismissed the traditional approach to wisdom research; rather they cast their nets wide and deep into t
