1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 22及答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：7，分数：70.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_Teenagers are spending more money than ever. Just las
2、t year, 31.6 million teens spent 155 billion, according to the Northbrook, Illinois-based market research group Teenage Research Unlimited. Much of that money, of course, comes from parents. Shocked at how much money kids spend? Maybe you haven“t checked theprice tags lately on some of the younger g
3、eneration“s must-haves. To some, such extravagant spending on the notoriously fickle young might seem outrageous. Why do some parents give in? One factor is surely the sheer power of marketing through mass media. According to the group Ad-busters, teenagers are exposed to an estimated 3,000 advertis
4、ements each day. Combine the ads with programming itself, like the fashion-, music- and skin-filled shows on MTV, and you“ve got a barrage of messages telling kids what they should own if they want to fit in. “The pressures on parents today are enormous,“ says Tom Vogele, a single father of twin 18-
5、year-old girls in Newport Beach, Calif. “I truly believe it is harder today to raise children without spoiling them, not because parents are less capable or lazy, but because so many forces are working against me.“ Many working parents probably compensate by spending money on their kids, says Timoth
6、y Marshall, an associate professor of developmental psychology at Christopher Newport University in Virginia. For some, there is probably some guilt involved in not spending enough time at home. But, adds Marshall, spending money is also often more convenient in our fast-paced society than going to
7、baseball games or other activities. “It“s easier to say let“s go out and spend some money, in terms of finding time in a busy schedule to spend with kids,“ Marshall said. For many families, of course, keeping up with their children“s costly demands for designer clothing, CDs, and concert tickets is
8、a financial impossibility. Even for those families who can afford such lavish spending, striking a compromise between spoiling the kids and denying them is tricky, but possible. Teaching kids how to budget and save is key, Marshall says. Instead of just giving children the toys or clothing they desi
9、re, give them an allowance and show them how they can save up for whatever they want, he says. And don“t be afraid to just say no, Marshall adds. “We need to step up and tell kids where the boundaries are, that“s part of our responsibility as parents,“ he said.（分数：10.00）(1).Judging from the first pa
10、ragraph, “Northbrook“ is most probably _.（分数：2.00）A.a market research company based in IllinoisB.a spokesman for the Teenage Research UnlimitedC.the base of the Teenage Research UnlimitedD.the city where the spending survey was carried out(2).According to Paragraph 3, some people find it outrageous
11、that _.（分数：2.00）A.some parents indulge their children in extravagant spendingB.some younger generation“s must-haves could cost so muchC.some parents are ignorant about their children“s spendingD.some children disregard their notorious spending habits(3).What is the effect of marketing through mass m
12、edia?（分数：2.00）A.It fills the market with ads beyond the young“s understanding.B.It directs not only the trend but also the ways of advertising.C.It stuffs all kinds of ads into TV shows and radio programs.D.It triggers young people“s desire to keep up with the trend.(4).According to Marshall, parent
13、s prefer to spend money on their children mainly because _.（分数：2.00）A.they can“t afford the time to stay with their childrenB.they want to make up their guilt for their childrenC.they find it more convenient than going out with the childrenD.they feel it is hard to raise children without indulging t
14、hem(5).What does Marshall think parents should do with the children“s spending habit?（分数：2.00）A.They should refuse to pay for their lavish spending.B.They should restrain the children“s spending within limits.C.They should be responsible for providing for the children.D.They should draw up a budget
15、plan for the children.Britain“s universities are in an awful spin. Top universities were overwhelmed by the 24% of A-level applicants with indistinguishable straight As; newer ones are beating the byways for bodies. Curiously, both images of educationthe weeping willows of Cambridge and the futurist
16、ic architecture of UELare cherished by the government. Ministerswant to see half of all young people in universities by 2010 (numbers have stalled at 42%), without letting go of the world-class quality of its top institutions. Many argue that the two goals are incompatible without spending a lot mor
17、e money. Researchers scrabble for funds, and students complain of large classes and reduced teaching time. To help solve the problem, the government agreed in 2004 to let universities increase tuition fees. Though low, the fees have introduced a market into higher education. Universities can offer c
18、ut-price tuition, although most have stuck close to the Friday“s job loss figures were just the latest suggestion that it could well be prolonged and profound rather than shorter and shallower. So what of the youth shaped by what some are already calling the Great Recession? Will a publication looki
19、ng back from 2030 damn them with such faint praise? Will they marry younger, be satisfied with stable but less exciting jobs? Will their children mock them for reusing tea bags and counting pennies as if this paycheck were the last? At the very least, they will deal with tremendous instability, just
20、 as their Depression forebears did. “The “30s challenged the whole idea of the American dream, the idea of open economic possibilities,“ said Morris Dickstein, an English professor at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York. “The version you get of that today is the loss of confidence
21、 on the part of both parent and children that life in the next generation will inevitably be better.“ How today“s young will be affected 10, 20 or 40 years on will depend on many things. If history is any guide, what will matter most is where this recession generation is in the historical process.（分
22、数：10.00）(1).It can be learned from Paragraph 1 that the novel Revolutionary Road analyzed_.（分数：2.00）A.the inner pain of the Silent GenerationB.the personality of the Silent GenerationC.the characteristics of the efficient peopleD.the impact of the Depression on the youth(2).By commenting that “stude
23、nts were “docile notetakers“ (Para. 2), the Time magazine suggested that students should have been _.（分数：2.00）A.more independentB.more ambitiousC.more creativeD.more diligent(3).What is the advantage of the Great Depression, according to Time?（分数：2.00）A.It increased the youth chances for a better jo
24、b.B.It increased the youth“s crisis awareness.C.It made the youth learn to be mature.D.It made the youth more patriotic.(4).The author thinks that Time commented on the Silent Generation with _.（分数：2.00）A.heartfelt sympathyB.solid evidenceC.disguised praiseD.convincing criticism(5).Morris Dickstein
25、points out that people now _.（分数：2.00）A.tend to believe in a prosperous futureB.can rely on their children for a better lifeC.lose faith in the open economic possibilitiesD.was hopeless at a better life for their childrenThe sight of eight long black legs moving over the floor makes some people scre
26、am and runand women are four times more likely to take fright than men. Now a study suggests that females are genetically prone to develop fears for potentially dangerous animals. David Rakison, a developmental psychologist at Carnegie Mellon University inPittsburgh, Pennsylvania, found that baby gi
27、rls only 11 months old rapidly start to associate pictures of spiders with fear. Baby boys remain merrily indifferent to this connection. In an initial training phase Rakison showed 10 baby girls and boys a picture of a spider together with a fearful face. In the following test phase he let them wat
28、ch the image of a spider paired with a happy face, and the image of a flower paired with a fearful face. Despite the spider“s happy companion, the girls looked significantly longer at it than at the flower. The researchers took this to mean that the girls expected spiders to be linked with fear. The
29、 boys looked for an equal time at both images. With a different group of babies, Rakison first showed a spider with a happy face, and a flower with a fearful face. Now the girls too looked at both images for the same length of timeimplying that they did not have an inborn fear of spiders. The result
30、s suggest that girls are more inclined than boys to learn to fear dangerous animals. By contrast, says Rakison, modem phobias such as fear of flying or injections show no sex difference. He attributes the difference to behavioural differences between men and women among our hunter-gatherer ancestors
31、.A dislike for spiders may help women avoid dangerous animals, but in men evolution seems to have favoured more risk-taking behaviour for successful hunting. It makes evolutionary sense to acquire spider fear at a certain age, rather than to be born with it, he adds. “There is little reason for an i
32、nfant to fear an object unless it can respond to it, for example by crawling away,“ he says. But if being scared of spiders is genetically inclined, is there any point in seeing a psychiatrist? “Even if a person is heavily inclined to develop spider phobia, exposure therapy would still be effective,
33、“ says Jaime Derringer, a clinical psychologist from Washington University in St Louis. “But it may be more difficult to eliminate the association between spiders and a fearful response,“ she says.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from David Rakison“s study that _.（分数：2.00）A.people develop fears for danger
34、ous animals by learningB.people are born with fears for dangerous animalsC.boys do not feel frightened by the pictures of spidersD.girls are more attracted by beautiful flowers than boys do(2).In what aspect were the two groups different in David Rakison“s research?（分数：2.00）A.The proportion of boys
35、and girls.B.The pictures shown in the testing phase.C.The adoption of the initial training.D.The time allowed to look at the pictures.(3).David Rakison has most probably classified the fear for dangerous animals as a(n) _.（分数：2.00）A.instinctive behaviourB.childish reactionC.predictive phenomenaD.pri
36、mitive response(4).According to David Rakison, men and women respond to spiders differently because men _.（分数：2.00）A.are less sensitiveB.are more adventurousC.need to be brave in lifeD.need to be cool-headed in life(5).Jaime Derringer suggests that exposure therapy can most likely help _.（分数：2.00）A.
37、prevent one from acquiring spider phobiaB.recognize spiders in a more positive wayC.lessen one“s fear for spidersD.eliminate the spider phobiaSome families in America and elsewhere have started buying child friendly mobile phones outfitted with GPS (Global Positioning System) technology. These phone
38、s and their related tracking services allow parents to pinpoint the location of their children with ease. Parents agree to pick up the phone bill in return for the reassurance of knowing where their children are; children areprepared to put up with the watching if they are allowed to have a phone. M
39、obile operators in America are now launching tracking services. Under a federal decree known as E911, they had to upgrade their networks to ensure that anyone dialing the 911 emergency number could be located to within 100 metres. Some operators opted for triangulation technology, which determines t
40、he location of the handset by comparing the signals received by different base stations. But Verizon and Sprint chose to adopt the more expensive but more accurate GPS technology instead, and are now looking for ways to make money from it. Verizon calls its service “Chaperone“. For $10 a month, pare
41、nts can call up the location of their child“s LG Migo handset from their own mobile phones, or from a PC.The child receives a message saying that the handset“s position has been requested, and the parents receive an address, or a marker on a web-based map, giving the child“s location. For an extra $
42、10 per month, they can sign up for Child Zone, a service that, among other things, fires off an alert when a youngster (or, at least, the youngster“s handset) strays outside a specified area For its part, Sprint has launched a similar service that can also let parents know when a child arrives at a
43、particular location. Another location service is available from Nextel, a mobile operator that was taken over by Sprint in 2005.Nextel opened up some of its systems to enable other firms to build their own software and services on top of its GPS technology. One example is AccuTracking, a small compa
44、ny which offers a tracking service for $6 a month and boasts that it is “ideal for vehicle tracking“ or to keep “virtual eyes on kids“. Some customers are also using the service to track their spouses, by hiding phones in their cars. “Mine is hidden under the hood, hot-wired to the batteryit works v
45、ery well and it is easy to hook up continuous power, “ writes one customer on AccuTracking“s message board. Start-ups are working on everything from city-wide games of hide-and-seek to monitoring the locations of Alzheimer“s patients. Services that monitor jogging routes, and work out distance trave
46、lled and calories consumed, might also prove popular. As a result, mobile operators, handset-makers and start-ups could transform and expand a small, specialist market so far dominated by expensive, dedicated tracking systems.（分数：10.00）(1).The tracking function of the mobile networks was probably fi
47、rst intended for _.（分数：2.00）A.federal officialsB.national securityC.parent consumersD.emergency rescue(2).What is special about Child Zone, according to Paragraph 4?（分数：2.00）A.It is popular with children who have a mobile phone.B.It provides both parents and children with much fun.C.It sends alerts
48、to parents without the child“s awareness.D.It alerts the child if he strays outside a specified zone.(3).The example in Paragraph 6 is used to illustrate that_.（分数：2.00）A.Nextel provides a different operation strategyB.GPS technology is vital for tracking serviceC.tracking service becomes a flourish
49、ing businessD.location service is abused by married people(4).In order to be competitive in the tracking business, starts-ups need to _.（分数：2.00）A.cut down on the service feesB.provide innovative servicesC.relate their services to health careD.develop their own GPS technology(5).What is the main idea of the text?（分数：2.00）A.The prospect of tracking services.
