1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 20及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_At the Museum of Sex in New York City, artificial-int
2、elligence researcher David Levy projected a mock image on a screen of a smiling bride in a wedding dress holding hands with a short robot groom. “Why not marry a robot? Look at this happy couple,“ he said to a laughing crowd. When Levy was then asked whether anyone who would want to marry a robot wa
3、s deceived, his face grew serious. “If the alternative is that you are lonely and sad and miserable, is it not better to find a robot that claims to love you and acts like it loves you?“ Levy responded. “Does it really matter, if you“re a happier person?“ In his 2007 book, Love and Sex with Robots,
4、Levy contends that sex, love and even marriage between humans and robots are coming soon and, perhaps, are even desirable. “I know some people think the idea is totally peculiar,“ he says. “But I am totally convinced it“s inevitable.“ The 62-year-old London native has not reached this conclusion on
5、a whim . Levy“s academic love affair with computing began in his last year of university, during the vacuum-tube era. That is when he broadened his horizons beyond his passion for chess. “Back then people wrote chess programs to simulate human thought processes,“ he recalls. He later became engrosse
6、d in writing programs to carry on intelligent conversations with people, and then he explored the way humans interact with computers, a topic for which he earned his decorate last year from the University of Maastricht in the Netherlands. Over the decades, Levy notes, interactions between humans and
7、 robots have become increasingly personal. Whereas robots initially found work, say, building cars in a factory, they have now moved into the home in the form of Roomba the robotic vacuum cleaner and digital pets such as Tamagotchis and the Sony Aibo. Science-fiction fans have witnessed plenty of ac
8、tion between humans and characters portraying artificial life-forms, such as with Data from the Star Trek franchise or the Cylons from the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica. And Levy is betting that a lot of people will fall in love with such devices. Programmers can tailor the machines to match a pe
9、rson“s interests or render them some what disagreeable to create a desirable level of friction in a relationship. “It“s not that people will fall in love with an algorithm but that people will fall in love with a convincing simulation of a human being, and convincing simulations can have a remarkabl
10、e effect on people,“ he says.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the snapshot at the Museum of Sex serves to（分数：2.00）A.introduce the topic.B.provide a background.C.explain a phenomenon.D.summarize the main idea.(2).David Levy would most probably agree that（分数：2.00）A.the idea of a human marrying
11、a robot is totally crazy.B.deception might result in a human marrying a robot.C.robots can be created capable of loving just as humans do.D.it is not impossible for a human to marry a robot.(3).The phrase “on a whim“(Line 1, Paragraph 3)most probably means（分数：2.00）A.in haste.B.all of a sudden.C.on h
12、is own.D.out of the blue.(4).Roomba, Tamagotchis, and the Sony Aibo are mentioned to show that（分数：2.00）A.the development of robots is really fascinating.B.robots have made their contributions to housework.C.robots have been transferred from factories to homes.D.humans have developed a more personal
13、relationship with robots.(5).In Levy“s view, why should the robots be made somewhat disagreeable?（分数：2.00）A.To match the interests of human beings.B.To make them as sentimental as human beings.C.To vividly imitate a relationship.D.To improve the accuracy of their performances.As college seniors hurt
14、le into the job hunt, little lies on the resumefor example, claiming a degree when they“re three credits shy of graduationseem harmless enough. So new grads ought to read this memo now: those 20-year-old falsehoods on cream-colored, 32-lb. premium paper have ruined so many high-profile executives th
15、at you wonder who in the business world hasn“t got the message. A resume listing two fabricated degrees led to the resignation of David Edmondson, CEO of RadioShack, in February. Untruthful resume have also hindered the careers of executives at the U.S. Olympic Committee. The headlines haven“t dente
16、d job seekers“ desire to dissemble even as employers have grown increasingly able to detect deception. InfoLink Screening Services, a background-checking company, estimates that 14% of job applicants in the U.S. he about their education on their resumes. Employees who lie to get in the door can caus
17、e untold damage on a business, experts say, from staining the reputation and credibility of a firm to upending co-workers and projects to igniting shareholder wrathand that“s if the lie is found out. Even when it isn“t, the falsified resume can indicate a deeply rooted inclination toward unethical b
18、ehavior. “There“s a lot of evidence that those who cheat on job applications also cheat in school and in life,“ says Richard Griffith, director of the industrial and organizational psychology program at the Florida Institute of Technology. “If someone says they have a degree and they don“t, I“d have
19、 little faith that person would tell the truth when it came to financial statements and so on.“ Employers“ fears have sparked a boom in the background-screening industry. But guarding the henhouse does little good if the fox is already nestled inside. To unmask the deceivers among them, some employe
20、rs are conducting checks upon promotion. Verified Person markets its ability to provide ongoing employee screening through automated criminal checks. With this increased alertness comes a thorny new dilemma: figuring out whether every lie is really a fireable offense. Many bosses feel that a worker“
21、s track record on the job speaks more strongly than a stretched resume, says John Challenger of the outplacement firm Challenger, Gray a second offence will put them out of business. Even the governor admits the bill is too broadly drawn and will be hard to enforce. She signed it, she explained, bec
22、ause the federal government has shown itself to be incapable of dealing with illegal immigration. One in ten workers in Arizona is illegal, according to the Pew Hispanic Centre. So the law, if rigorously enforced, could disrupt the state“s economy, which suggests it will not be. One landscape garden
23、er in Scottsdale who worked illegally for three decades and now pays illegal workers $7 an hour thinks the measure is ridiculous. “Who else is going to pick lettuces and trim trees in this heat?“ he asks, pointing to the sun on a 47C day. He has no plans to change his ways, and says he will simply m
24、ove if he is caught. Laws such as Arizona“s will make life more unpleasant and unpredictable for illegal workers. But they will not curtail either illegal immigration or illegal working as much as supporters claim. In any case, the border has been so porous for so long that people now have plenty of
25、 reasons to steal across it other than work. Of five aspiring immigrants who spoke to the correspondent in Smugglers“ Gulch earlier this week, three were trying to join their families.（分数：10.00）(1).We can learn from the opening paragraph that（分数：2.00）A.people are misled by the name Smugglers“ Gulch.
26、B.Smuggler“s Gulch is the toughest entrance to steal into USA.C.Rafael will continue his risky attempt to jump the fence.D.Smuggler“s Gulch is secured by advanced tracking tools.(2).The bill abandoned by the Senate last week implies that（分数：2.00）A.the cost to tackle illegal immigration has overrun b
27、udget.B.political intrigues can deal with illegal immigration effectively.C.the Senate once considered granting illegal immigrants more visas.D.cities and states are pushed to put immigration laws into force.(3).The governor of Arizona believes that（分数：2.00）A.the newly-signed bill is more likely to
28、become an empty talk.B.deprivation of employment helps to drive illegal immigrants away.C.the biggest difficulty of the bill lies in rigorous implementation.D.discussion should be held to make the broadly-drawn bill practical.(4).In Paragraph 4, the landscape gardener in Scottsdale is mentioned to（分
29、数：2.00）A.display the ill-effect the bill has caused to Arizona“s economy.B.demonstrate illegal immigrants“ contribution to local society.C.express illegal immigrants“ desperation about the measures to be taken.D.reveal the bill“s inhumanity to those self-made illegal immigrants.(5).In the author“s o
30、pinion, the illegal immigration issue in America（分数：2.00）A.calls for more forceful laws on illicit working.B.derives from a long history and various reasons.C.stems mainly from people“s longing for family reunion.D.brings illegal workers an unpleasant and unpredictable life.考研英语（阅读）-试卷 20答案解析(总分：60.
31、00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：At the Museum of Sex in New York City, artificial-intelligence researcher
32、 David Levy projected a mock image on a screen of a smiling bride in a wedding dress holding hands with a short robot groom. “Why not marry a robot? Look at this happy couple,“ he said to a laughing crowd. When Levy was then asked whether anyone who would want to marry a robot was deceived, his face
33、 grew serious. “If the alternative is that you are lonely and sad and miserable, is it not better to find a robot that claims to love you and acts like it loves you?“ Levy responded. “Does it really matter, if you“re a happier person?“ In his 2007 book, Love and Sex with Robots, Levy contends that s
34、ex, love and even marriage between humans and robots are coming soon and, perhaps, are even desirable. “I know some people think the idea is totally peculiar,“ he says. “But I am totally convinced it“s inevitable.“ The 62-year-old London native has not reached this conclusion on a whim . Levy“s acad
35、emic love affair with computing began in his last year of university, during the vacuum-tube era. That is when he broadened his horizons beyond his passion for chess. “Back then people wrote chess programs to simulate human thought processes,“ he recalls. He later became engrossed in writing program
36、s to carry on intelligent conversations with people, and then he explored the way humans interact with computers, a topic for which he earned his decorate last year from the University of Maastricht in the Netherlands. Over the decades, Levy notes, interactions between humans and robots have become
37、increasingly personal. Whereas robots initially found work, say, building cars in a factory, they have now moved into the home in the form of Roomba the robotic vacuum cleaner and digital pets such as Tamagotchis and the Sony Aibo. Science-fiction fans have witnessed plenty of action between humans
38、and characters portraying artificial life-forms, such as with Data from the Star Trek franchise or the Cylons from the re-imagined Battlestar Galactica. And Levy is betting that a lot of people will fall in love with such devices. Programmers can tailor the machines to match a person“s interests or
39、render them some what disagreeable to create a desirable level of friction in a relationship. “It“s not that people will fall in love with an algorithm but that people will fall in love with a convincing simulation of a human being, and convincing simulations can have a remarkable effect on people,“
40、 he says.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, the snapshot at the Museum of Sex serves to（分数：2.00）A.introduce the topic. B.provide a background.C.explain a phenomenon.D.summarize the main idea.解析：解析：推理判断题。第一段描述一种设想，即人类在将来可能与机器人结婚，第二段则接着描述这一假设的可能性。可见，文章提到的性博物馆是为了引出话题，A 项正确。(2).David Levy would mos
41、t probably agree that（分数：2.00）A.the idea of a human marrying a robot is totally crazy.B.deception might result in a human marrying a robot.C.robots can be created capable of loving just as humans do.D.it is not impossible for a human to marry a robot. 解析：解析：观点态度题。句提到，Levy 认为人类与机器人之间的性与爱，甚至是婚姻，不久都会出现
42、，故 D项正确。(3).The phrase “on a whim“(Line 1, Paragraph 3)most probably means（分数：2.00）A.in haste.B.all of a sudden. C.on his own.D.out of the blue.解析：解析：语义理解题。该段讲述 Levy是怎样开始研究人类与计算机互动的，由此可以猜测研究员下此结论并非奇思怪想、心血来潮，B 项“突然的”与之最为接近。(4).Roomba, Tamagotchis, and the Sony Aibo are mentioned to show that（分数：2.00）
43、A.the development of robots is really fascinating.B.robots have made their contributions to housework.C.robots have been transferred from factories to homes.D.humans have developed a more personal relationship with robots. 解析：解析：事实细节题，考查例证细节。例证是为某一观点服务的。在第四段中，句为该段的主题句，句为例证，句是为了说明句“人类与机器人的互动变得越来越个性化”
44、这个观点，故 D项正确。(5).In Levy“s view, why should the robots be made somewhat disagreeable?（分数：2.00）A.To match the interests of human beings.B.To make them as sentimental as human beings.C.To vividly imitate a relationship. D.To improve the accuracy of their performances.解析：解析：事实细节题。why 提示此题问原因，如果在文中找不到明显的
45、标志提示词(如 because，as等)，可以在表目的原因的不定式 to之后寻找答案。第五段句句末的不定式表明，让机器人不太完美可以为两性关系带来些应有的摩擦，会让人们爱上逼真的仿真人物(句)。可见，让他们某些方面不如人意的原因是模拟真实的关系，故 C项正确。As college seniors hurtle into the job hunt, little lies on the resumefor example, claiming a degree when they“re three credits shy of graduationseem harmless enough. So
46、new grads ought to read this memo now: those 20-year-old falsehoods on cream-colored, 32-lb. premium paper have ruined so many high-profile executives that you wonder who in the business world hasn“t got the message. A resume listing two fabricated degrees led to the resignation of David Edmondson,
47、CEO of RadioShack, in February. Untruthful resume have also hindered the careers of executives at the U.S. Olympic Committee. The headlines haven“t dented job seekers“ desire to dissemble even as employers have grown increasingly able to detect deception. InfoLink Screening Services, a background-ch
48、ecking company, estimates that 14% of job applicants in the U.S. he about their education on their resumes. Employees who lie to get in the door can cause untold damage on a business, experts say, from staining the reputation and credibility of a firm to upending co-workers and projects to igniting shareholder wrathand that“s if the lie is found out. Even when it isn“t, the falsified resume can indicate a deeply rooted inclination toward unethical behavior. “There“s a lot of evidence that those who cheat on job applica
