1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 19 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_The abortion debate has raged since 1973, when the S
2、upreme Court gave abortion constitutional protection, but the basic law of the land has proved immutable . Abortion is legal, and it“s going to remain legal for a long time. Laws often alter attitudes, inducing people to accept thingssuch as racial integrationthey once rejected. But sometimes, attit
3、udes move in the opposite direction, as people see the consequences of the change. That“s the case with abortion. The news that the abortion rate has fallen to its lowest level in 30 years elicits various explanations, from increased use of contraceptives to lack of access to abortion clinics. But m
4、aybe the chief reason is that the great majority of Americans, even many who see themselves as pro-choice, are deeply uncomfortable with it. In 1992, a Gallup/Newsweek poll found 34 percent of Americans thought abortion “should be legal under any circumstances,“ with 13 percent saying it should alwa
5、ys be illegal. Last year, only 26 percent said it should always be allowed, with 18 percent saying it should never be permitted. Sentiments are even more negative among the group that might place the highest value on being able to escape an unwanted pregnancy: young people. In 2003, Gallup found, on
6、e of every three kids from age 13 to 17 said abortion should be illegal in all circumstances. More revealing yet is that 72 percent said abortion is “morally wrong“. The report on abortion rates from the Guttmacher Institute suggests that the evolution of attitudes has transformed behavior. Since 19
7、90, the number of abortions has dropped from 1. 61 million to 1. 21 million. The abortion rate among women of childbearing age has declined by 29 percent. Those changes could be the result of other factors, such as more use of contraception: If fewer women get pregnant, fewer will resort to abortion
8、. But the shift is equally marked among women who do get pregnant. In 1990, 30. 4 percent of pregnancies ended in abortion. Last year, the figure was 22. 4 percent. Pro-choice groups say women are having fewer abortions only because abortion clinics are growing scarcer. But abortion clinics may be g
9、rowing scarcer because of a decline in demand for their services and a public opinion climate that has gotten more inhospitable. This growing aversion to abortion may be traced to better information. When the Supreme Court legalized abortion in 1973, most people had little understanding of fetal dev
10、elopment. But the proliferation of ultrasound images from the womb, combined with the dissemination of facts by pro-life groups, has lifted the veil. The prevailing view used to be: Abortion may be evil, but it“ s necessary. Increasingly, the sentiment is: Abortion may be necessary, but it“s evil.（分
11、数：10.00）(1).By saying “the basic law of the land has proved immutable“ in the first paragraph, the author means that _.（分数：2.00）A.abortion is protected by the constitutionB.abortion will continue to be controversialC.abortion debate is natural, and will persistD.abortion is legal, and will continue
12、to be so(2).It seems that young Americans_.（分数：2.00）A.are ready to accept things they dislikeB.are even more inhospitable to abortionC.are worried about unwanted pregnancyD.are unwilling to use more contraceptives(3).Pro-choice groups advocate for _.（分数：2.00）A.the increased use of contraceptivesB.th
13、e change of attitude toward abortionC.the right of women to have an abortionD.the dissemination of useful information(4).The considerable drop of abortion rate is chiefly due to_ .（分数：2.00）A.lower rate of pregnancyB.more use of contraceptionC.the lack of abortion clinicsD.the strong dislike of abort
14、ion(5).More and more Americans think that_.（分数：2.00）A.abortion is morally wrongB.abortion should be allowedC.abortion is absolutely necessaryD.abortion should always be illegalThere are many sites available to people looking to find someone for an online dating experience. These sites differ from on
15、e another in many ways and it“ s important before you sign up with one to understand exactly what they are offering to you. If you do a search for dating online you“ll find that there are many sites that claim to be free. They offer individuals the opportunity to post a profile and a picture in the
16、hopes of connecting with someone interested in getting to know them better. Although online dating really began with these free sites, they do have drawbacks. These drawbacks should be carefully considered before a person reveals too much of themselves. One of the drawbacks is that many of the free
17、online dating sites don“t have the resources available to screen everyone who joins. This means that if you sign up in search of an online dating partner they cannot guarantee who you are talking with. The profile might read completely different from the actual person behind the keyboard. If you are
18、 serious about finding a mate this type of site might lead to more heartbreak than anything else. A good alternative to the free online dating sites is the pay sites. These sites charge a fee for members to join and search for a potential paramour. The identity of the person is authenticated so othe
19、rs can rest assured that they are really corresponding with who they think they are. Any quality online dating site, whether free or not, should ensure that they will keep your identifying information confidential until you decide to share it; this is very important to keep in mind. If a site does n
20、ot have a privacy policy in place you“d do well to not deal with them at all. Most online dating sites will give their clients several choices when it comes to contacting other members they are interested in. Members will need to choose a screen name upon joining which is the way other members who a
21、re interested in dating them can identify them by. This screen name will also be used as part of an internal email system that members can then use to contact each other. Online dating has led to some real time marriages. It“s a great way to meet and learn about new and interesting people. If you th
22、ink online dating is for you, research some of the available services, then sign up and get ready for a brand new adventure in dating. Your prince or princess charming might be waiting for you right now.（分数：10.00）(1).The author suggests that if you intend to search someone to date online_.（分数：2.00）A
23、.you should find someone you are interested inB.you should begin with a free online dating siteC.you should know exactly what services you can getD.you should post both your profile and picture on the site(2).The most obvious disadvantage of a free online dating site is that_.（分数：2.00）A.it doesn“t h
24、ave enough resources for its customersB.it demands that you sign up before dating someoneC.it will cause you more heartbreak than anything elseD.it cannot guarantee the identity of the person you date(3).A pay online dating site is superior to a free one in that_.（分数：2.00）A.it charges only a small f
25、ee for a professional serviceB.the identity of the person you search online is authenticC.every member can enjoy the high-quality service it offersD.it provides each member with more candidates to correspond with(4).Which of the following facts can justify the high quality of an online dating site?（
26、分数：2.00）A.It keeps a strict privacy policy.B.It is pay site rather than a free one.C.It reveals personal information freely.D.It offers a screen name for each member.(5).The author argues that_.（分数：2.00）A.online dating has more disadvantages than advantagesB.free sites will be eliminated through sel
27、ection or contestC.dating online is really a brand new adventure worth tryingD.online dating serves as a good way to produce real marriagesMr. Porter, a professor at Harvard Business School, is one of the world“s most respected business thinkers. He made his name and fortune teaching companies his t
28、heories of competitive advantage. Mr. Porter argues that competition can save even America“s troubled health-care system, the largest in the world. He and Elizabeth Olmsted Teisberg argue in “Redefining Health Care“ that competition, if properly applied, can also fix what ails this sector. That is a
29、 bold claim, given the horrible state of America“s health-care system. Just consider a few of its failings: America pays more per capita for health care than most countries, but it still has some 45m citizens with no health insurance at all. While a few receive outstanding treatment, the authors sho
30、w in heart-wrenching detail that most do not. The authors conclude that it is “on a dangerous path, with a toxic combination of high costs, uneven quality, frequent errors and limited access to care“. The authors offer a mix of solutions to fix this mess, and thereby to put the sector on a genuinely
31、 competitive footing. First comes the seemingly obvious(but as yet unrealised)goal of data transparency. Second is a redirection of competition from the level of health plans, doctors, clinics and hospitals, to competition “at the level of medical conditions, which is all but absent“. The authors ar
32、gue that the right measure of “value“ for the health sector should be how well a patient with a given health condition fares over the entire cycle of treatment, and what the cost is for that entire cycle. If there is a failing in this book, it is that the authors sometimes stray toward naive optimis
33、m. They argue, for example, that their solutions are so commonsensical that private actors in the health system could forge ahead with them profitably without waiting for the government to fix its policy mistakes. That is a tempting notion, but it falls into a trap that economists call the fallacy o
34、f the $ 20 bill on the street. If there really were easy money on the pavement, goes the argument, surely previous passers-by would have bent over and picked it up by now? In the same vein, if Mr. Porter“s prescriptions are so sensible that companies can make money even now in the absence of governm
35、ent policy changes, why in the world have they not done so already? One reason may be that they can make more money in the current sub-optimal equilibrium than in a perfectly competitive marketwhich is why government action is probably needed to sweep aside the many obstacles in the way of this book
36、“s powerful vision. In the end, though, that is small criticism of a very big book.（分数：10.00）(1).Mr. Porter is famous chiefly for_.（分数：2.00）A.his popular book “Redefining Health Care“B.his being a professor at Harvard Business SchoolC.his being one of the world“s most respected business thinkersD.hi
37、s marvelous contribution to theories of competitive advantage(2).The author argues that_.（分数：2.00）A.America“s health-care system leaves nothing to be desiredB.it is no easy task to improve America“s healthcare systemC.competition can help improve America“s health-care systemD.Americans enjoy one of
38、the best health-care systems in the world(3).It is implied in the text that_.（分数：2.00）A.competition may help improve medical conditionsB.America“s health-care system is under severe competitionC.there is too much competition among doctors and hospitalsD.few patients in America fare well under curren
39、t health conditions(4).In the author“s opinion, the book cannot be considered perfect in that_.（分数：2.00）A.optimistic thinking often leads to imprudent judgementB.companies may make less money in a competitive marketC.the solutions given are too commonsensical to be applicableD.the authors of the boo
40、k have fallen victim to an economic fallacy(5).The author takes a_attitude toward the book “Redefining Health Care“.（分数：2.00）A.criticalB.positiveC.suspiciousD.contemptuousWhile it is important that you be a caring, responsible, likable person, not many people are going to notice that about you when
41、meeting you. Unfortunately, humans are very visually oriented and what we see of people leaves a lasting impression. When we go into a restaurant we don“t care if our chef donates to Toys for Tots, but we care that he is clean, dressed well, and professional looking. When shopping for a new dress we
42、 are more likely to ask for help from the well dressed, attractive employee than the girl who showed up to work looking as if she slept in her clothes and has never brushed her hair. In our personal lives the importance of appearance is much the same. It“s a cruel fact of life, but people who are sl
43、oppy, dirty and poorly groomed don“t get dates. Most of us are “instinctively“ attracted to good looking, well dressed people. When marriages were arranged by family this wasn“t such an issue, but today it most certainly is. No one wants to date the guy who doesn“t shower or the girl who wears cloth
44、ing three sizes too small. Even in the workplace appearance is seen as an indicator of ability. A job applicant with a master“s degree isn“t likely to be hired if s/he is missing teeth, no matter how qualified they are. Very few people would choose a surgeon who has dirt under their fingernails. A s
45、tylist with a lousy hair style isn“t likely to have very many clients. Unfortunately, appearance is even important to children. Many small children, especially, can take an instant dislike to someone based solely on what they look like. As children get older appearance becomes an integral part in wh
46、o is popular and who isn“t. The child who doesn“t have designer clothing is more likely to be left out of things than the child who wears all of the right brands. With teenagers attractiveness seems to denote popularity more than anywhere else. Teens don“t care if the overweight girl is a math geniu
47、s who has a way with animals, they don“t care if the geeky boy writes the most beautiful poetry ever read, they just care what s/he looks like. Right or wrong, in our society appearance is just too important to be ignored. While personality is a better indicator of a person“s value in the long run,
48、when it comes to first impressions what we look like will always win out over who we are.（分数：10.00）(1).The author thinks that people generally consider it of first importance_.（分数：2.00）A.to have a pleasing personalityB.to have an attractive lookingC.to be thoughtful and reliableD.to have a gentle di
49、sposition(2).According to the text, most people_.（分数：2.00）A.pay tribute to the service of smart workersB.admire the popularity of good-looking girlsC.appreciate the chef with professional lookingD.like to have contact with charming employees(3).In the author“s opinion, it is a painful fact that_.（分数：2.00）A.sloppy, and poorly groomed
