1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 189 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_When we fail to demonstrate respect for ourselves w
2、e are indirectly encouraging others to disrespect us as well. Respect means showing regard or consideration. If we don“t value ourselves with this esteem and we disregard ourselves, then others will most likely follow suit. Lack of self respect can discredit an individual and others can sense it. Th
3、is also holds true for how we treat others. If you have no respect or lack of it for yourself, then it can be difficult to implement and understand the importance of respecting others. Respect should not have to be earned. It should be given out of simple kindness and human nature. Unfortunately, co
4、mpassion and empathy has fallen flat in today“s society. Overall, people don“t seem to care much about one another and even sadder, they don“t seem to care much about themselves. Sometimes we must teach or show people how to treat us by emulating it. This can be done or displayed in the way we hold
5、ourselves. For instance, showing respect for ourselves can be in the form of how you speak and act. When you have self respect, you tend to have a high value of yourself and it shows in your behavior. You present yourself in a way that tells others, “I am worthy and I am a decent person. “ Lack of r
6、espect is also evident in the way you speak. You may refer to yourself or others negatively and may act or do things that are demeaning to yourself and them. Disrespect directly states, “I don“t care about you or your feelings. “ People are going to treat you however you allow them to whether good o
7、r bad. When you exhibit self respect, you will not under any circumstances stick around to allow or encourage others to treat you in a disrespectful manner. They will quickly learn that you do not tolerate that type of treatment. You will also be more likely to show respect to other individuals beca
8、use you realize that they are just as worthy of it as you are. Even the most unpleasant, disrespectful person can learn by example. Being treated with dignity and respect promotes feelings of goodwill and beneficence. As much discontent and disregard as there is in the world today, I still like to b
9、elieve that most people are generally good, kind and caring. While they may not be the majority, they are the exception and if we each start with ourselves it will be much easier to pay it forward.（分数：10.00）(1).If you lack self respect, others will_.（分数：2.00）A.most likely show disrespect for youB.ha
10、ve no confidence in your abilitiesC.follow you and disrespect themselvesD.use every means to take advantage of you(2).According to the text, respect denotes_.（分数：2.00）A.a conduct in accord with a specific ethicB.a specific feeling of regard for othersC.an attitude of admiration, or esteemD.a sense o
11、f the value of something(3).It is regrettable that respect is_.（分数：2.00）A.something which has to be earnedB.replaced by compassion and empathyC.taken lightly by many people at presentD.what few people deserve in today“s society(4).To cultivate self respect, you should_.（分数：2.00）A.admit your errors a
12、nd mistakesB.present yourself in a decent mannerC.show less respect for your superiorsD.discipline what you say and what you do(5).According to the text, a disrespectful person_.（分数：2.00）A.shows an exaggerated opinion of his abilityB.ignores other“s goodwill and beneficenceC.may be as good, kind and
13、 caring as othersD.deserves being treated without courtesyThere is a perfect symmetry in what remains of William Shakespeare: the immensity of his plays and the lack of biographical information about the man. From a canon as rich as his, and a documentary record as meager as his, you can infer almos
14、t anything. When it comes to privacy, Shakespeare out-Salingers Salinger and out-Pynchons Pynchon. Go looking for the man, and you will find only the person doing the looking . The hunger for more is always there, which is why a portraita painting of a very well-dressed Elizabethan mantaken from the
15、 private collection of an aristocratic Anglo-Irish family, the Cobbes, has drawn so much attention. Physical evidence confirms the painting“s antiquity, and its provenance links it to Shakespeare“s only literary patron. But while provenance may be a good guide to ownership, it is a very weedy indica
16、tor of identity. The most that can really be said is that the Cobbe portrait, which was revealed in London this week, was probably painted in Shakespeare“s lifetime and that it bears a likeness to other reputed Shakespeare portraitsthat lengthy nose, those side-glancing eyes, the hairline beginning
17、its retreat over the bedrock of that skull. But given the stylized conventions of Elizabethan portraiture, a police dragnet in London circa 1610 might have turned up many dozens of men with a resemblance to this image. What we have, as always with Shakespeare, is a trail that leads us back to the pa
18、st and dissolves into uncertainty. The perennial search for a portrait of Shakespeare is really a search for an image that justifies our idea of Shakespeare, our idea of writing. We somehow want the young Shakespeare to look like Joseph Fiennes, fiery and slashing. But what if he looked like Ricky G
19、ervais? Would the plays mean less to us? In a way, the paucity of what we know about Shakespeare“s life is an antidote for our times. We cannot view his Facebook profile or follow him on Twitter. We do not have the phone logs or the financial records. As a man, he is not, to our knowledge, better or
20、 worse than any of us. He represents the force of the creative mind, but he also embodies the pastness of the past. Every claim to have found some relic of the original Shakespeare is just another reminder that his work needs no biography at all.（分数：10.00）(1).It is implied in the text that_.（分数：2.00
21、）A.Salinger out-Pynchons Pynchon as wellB.Salinger was a writer as great as PynchonC.little is known about Salinger“s private lifeD.Shakespeare was contemporary with Salinger(2).By saying “you will find only the person doing the looking“ in the first paragraph, the author means that_.（分数：2.00）A.Shak
22、espeare has been a mysterious figure in our mindsB.it is absolutely impossible to know genuine ShakespeareC.there is a hunger for more information about ShakespeareD.it is foolish of any person to look for the real Shakespeare(3).The Cobbe portrait has drawn so much attention since_.（分数：2.00）A.we ar
23、e starving for more information about ShakespeareB.most likely it is the portrait of Shakespeare people adoreC.it comes from the private collection of a celebrated familyD.its antiquity and provenance verifies its link to Shakespeare(4).The author is sure that the Cobbe portrait_.（分数：2.00）A.realisti
24、cally reveals the image of ShakespeareB.can only lead us to uncertainty about the pastC.is authentic rather than spurious or counterfeitD.resembles other purported Shakespeare portraits(5).The lack of biographical information about Shakespeare means that _.（分数：2.00）A.it“s unlikely to find his phone
25、logs anywhereB.his plays remain great though he may be plainC.you can infer anything good or bad about himD.his Facebook profile cannot be found on the netStanford University“s Irving Weissman has said that he would like to inject human stem cells into the developing brains of fetal mice, with the g
26、oal of producing mouse brains composed chiefly of human brain cells. Such mice might be useful for testing drugs to cure or prevent various human brain diseases. Since the brains would have the architecture of mouse brains, it is unlikely that they would become biotech Stuart Littles and exhibit any
27、 characteristics that would cause us moral concerns. But what about injecting human brain stem cells into the developing brains of fetal chimpanzees? That“s clearly a bit closer to the line, but if human cells are simply integrated into the typical architecture of a chimpanzee“s brain, then again, i
28、t would probably create no new ethical problems. Beside the possibility of giving human characteristics to animals, injecting human stem cells into non-humans could create other moral concerns. For example, stem cells might transdifferentiate into gamete-producing cells, and integrate themselves int
29、o the ovaries and testes of mice, where they would produce completely human eggs and sperm. One could imagine such chimeric male and female mice mating and producing a completely human embryo. Of course, that embryo would be unable to develop in the uterus of a mouse, so the world would not have to
30、deal with the birth of a child whose mom was a rodent. But again, what if this research were done with larger chimeric animalssay, cowsthat could possibly carry a human baby to term? But chimeric mice could also be used to help people overcome infertility. Bone marrow stem cells from an infertile wo
31、man or man might be injected into a fetal mouse, where they could be transdifferentiated into gamete-producing cells. Gametes might be harvested from the mice and used in IVF procedures to engender a child. Assuming it“s medically safe, producing a child in this way would not be unethical. Finally,
32、it has to be asked: would eating a liver composed chiefly of human liver cells grown in a sheep be cannibalism? I say yes; don“t do it. Save them for transplants. As humanity“s biotechnological prowess increases, we will confront again and again the question of what, if any, limits should be placed
33、on research that mixes human and animal genes, cells and tissues. The main ethical concern about such research is not the creation of improved and useful animals, but the risk of producing what would be, in effect, diminished human beings.（分数：10.00）(1).Producing mouse brains composed chiefly of huma
34、n brain cells would_.（分数：2.00）A.facilitate the development of biotechB.have little to do with ethical problemsC.initiate new procedures for testing drugsD.fail to exhibit any human characteristics(2).The chimeric mice generated would cause us_.（分数：2.00）A.less moral concerns than laboratory miceB.mor
35、e moral concerns than laboratory miceC.no more or less moral concerns than laboratory miceD.as much moral concerns as larger chimeric animals(3).The chief moral concern by injecting human stem cells into non-humans is that the chimeric animal created might_.（分数：2.00）A.behave like humansB.generate hu
36、man embryoC.give birth to a rodent childD.produce human eggs and sperm(4).Chimeric mice created could be used to_.（分数：2.00）A.engender a human childB.help infertile couple procreateC.provide gamete-producing ceilsD.prevent various human brain diseases(5).What the author worries most about the researc
37、h mixing human and animal cells is the possibility of creating_.（分数：2.00）A.animals with intelligenceB.more advanced animalsC.infertile human beingsD.inferior human beingsThe idea that women are hunting for rich husbands while men choose wives for their beauty is a long way from the truth, suggests a
38、 new study. While some celebrity marriages may fit this pattern, most men and women are seeking a mate who is similar to them in qualities such as income, beauty, and desire to have children. The new study flouts the traditionally accepted views that, to maximise our ability to reproduce, men are se
39、eking young, attractive women who are likely to bear them children while women are seeking older, successful men who have the resources to support and protect their young. “Our results fly in face of these studies,“ says Stephen Emlen, a behavioural ecologist at Cornell University, who conducted the
40、 study with Peter Buston, now at the University of California, Santa Barbara. Buston and Emlen“s study suggests most men and women in Western society look for partners with qualities on a par with their own. Attractive females, for example, are much more likely to seek a similarly healthy and good-l
41、ooking mate than a rich one. And wealthy males are more likely to seek a rich wife than a pretty one. Unions of “like“ individuals are more advantageous from an evolutionary perspective, says Emlen, because they are more stable. This is beneficial because humans require long-term relationships both
42、to produce a lot of children and to ensure that they survive to adulthood. The researchers gave questionnaires to almost 1000 men and women aged 18 to 24. The volunteers were first asked to rank the desirability of 10 attributes in a long-term partner, and then rank themselves on the same 10 attribu
43、tes. Analysing the results, Buston and Emlen found a consistent match between the qualities ranked as highly desirable in a partner and in an individual themselves. The new study confirms that before setting out to search for a mate, people assess their own assets and then look for a mate “in their
44、league“. The implication, says Emlen, is that long and happy marriages are most likely for couples sharing similar values, education, physical appearance and intellectual interests. Choosing a partner with far superior qualities would risk a future breakup, because such a partner would eventually be
45、 tempted away by a higher quality mate. However, Robin Dunbar, an evolutionary psychologist at the University of Liverpool, U. K. , warns against oversimplifying human mate choice. “It like a poker game,“ he says. “You have to balance your preferences against those of your partner and the other play
46、ers in the game. “（分数：10.00）(1).It is generally believed that_.（分数：2.00）A.every person is seeking a healthy mateB.most women are seeking wealthy husbandsC.few men choose wives only for their beautyD.only attractive women have good-looking husbands(2).According to the traditional view,_.（分数：2.00）A.yo
47、ung women tend to hunt for older menB.only older men are able to support their childrenC.attractive women are likely to bear more childrenD.the ability to reproduce proves the success of a marriage(3).The new study conducted by Buston and Emlen_.（分数：2.00）A.looks down upon the traditionally accepted
48、viewsB.puts forward a consistent pattern for mate seekingC.is a breakthrough in the development of sociologyD.argues for unions of individuals with similar attributes(4).Robin Dunbar suggests that_.（分数：2.00）A.a wealthy male should seek a rich wifeB.couples with similar attributes tend to live happil
49、yC.oversimplifying should be avoided in mate seekingD.an attractive woman should marry a good-looking man(5).It can be inferred from the text that_.（分数：2.00）A.opposites do not attract in mating gameB.everyone desires to seek a higher quality mateC.beauty is the most desirable quality for everyoneD.attractive women r
