1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 188 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_It seems to happen with depressing frequencysunny s
2、kies turn to rain just as the weekend arrives. Now Spanish researchers say they have evidence that in some parts of Europe the weather really does follow a weekly cycle, although not in the straightforward way that the anecdote might suggest. Evidence has been mounting over the years that the weathe
3、r in certain parts of the world, including the US, Japan and China, can be driven by the weekly cycle of human activity. This is because we tend to produce more air pollution during the week and less at the weekend. Evidence that such an effect occurs in Europe is controversial and has been harder t
4、o come by. Arturo Sanchez-Lorenzo of the University of Barcelona, Spain, and his colleagues examined data gathered between 1961 and 2004 from weather stations across Spain to see whether such a pattern existed. They claim to have found it in Spain, as well as hints of weekly changes in air circulati
5、on more broadly over Western Europe. The result is puzzling, but it is known that airborne pollutants produced by human activity can affect the weather in a variety of ways. For example, particles can be heated by absorbing sunlight, which in turn heats the air and changes air circulation patterns.
6、Pollutant particles can also provide seeds for cloud formation. Exactly which effect has the greatest influence seems to depend on conditions that vary season by season. They also found signs that air pressure in Western Europe tends to be lower midweek than at the weekend in data from a global data
7、base. This suggests that the human influence on weather goes beyond known local effects, says team member Josep Calbo of the University of Girona in Spain. However, it is not clear whether the team“s findings are statistically significant, says Thomas Bell of NASA“s Goddard Space Flight Center in Gr
8、eenbelt, Maryland, who was part of a team that found a stronger weekly cycle in the US. “This whole enterprise of looking for weekly cycles is rife with possibilities for misleading oneself.“ Why a weekly cycle would be less noticeable in Europe than in the US and Asia is still unknown. No weekly cy
9、cle has ever been found in the UK, probably because the weather is dominated by large systems blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean. These larger systems may be harder for weekly pollution cycles to influence, points out Douglas Maraun of the University of East Anglia in Norwich, who studies UK precipi
10、tation. “I doubt that there is a weekly influence of human activity on such a large weather system,“ he says.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, Spanish researchers suggest that（分数：2.00）A.the weather system of Europe follows a strict weekly cycle.B.there is a great possibility of rain in Spain o
11、n weekends.C.rain cycles have resulted from the excessive human activities.D.weather interacts with human activities in a straightforward way.(2).The reason why weather changes are possibly due to human factors is that（分数：2.00）A.the weather usually follows a weekly cycle.B.when people stay at home,
12、they are careful with pollutants production.C.air circulation acts in different manners because of deliberate human interference.D.different activities on weekdays and weekends have imposed effect on the air.(3).Airborne pollutants can affect（分数：2.00）A.sunlight absorption.B.air circulation.C.cloud m
13、ovement.D.human activities.(4).What“s Thomas Bell“s attitude toward the study of weekly change in weather?（分数：2.00）A.He supports the findings through his own research statistics.B.He agrees that the findings are possibly true.C.He points out that the findings lack in abundant dataD.He is certain tha
14、t the purpose of study is misleading.(5).The climate in UK is probably（分数：2.00）A.under the influence of large whether systems.B.the same to that of the other regions of Europe.C.drawing the attention of global research world.D.less changeable due to weak human activities.Manufacturers of everything
15、from running shoes to deodorants, a substance to remove unpleasant odors, design products specifically for women. One of the latest entries: the first artificial joint created forand heavily advertised to females. Doctors say it“s too soon to tell whether the Gender Knee represents a giant leap for
16、womankind or if it gives its maker, Zimmer Holdings Inc., a leg up in the market. In the case of the knees, according to Zimmer, here“s how men and women are different: First, the kneecap, is thinner in women. Also, women“s wider hips create a different angle between the knee and pelvisthe wide, cur
17、ved group of bones at the level of hips, which can mean the kneecap gets pulled to the side when the muscles contract. And the end of the thighbone is typically narrower in men. Most artificial knees were modeled on the male anatomywhich may explain why knee replacements in women aren“t as successfu
18、l when measured by reported pain and do-over rates. But will the new(and more expensive)replacement actually serve women better? “In theory, yes, but the evidence isn“t there,“ says Kimberly Templeton, an associate professor of orthopedic surgery(prevention or correction of disorders of the bones an
19、d associated muscles and joints)at the University of Kansas Medical Center and a spokesperson for the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons. Sheryl Conley, Zimmer“s chief marketing officer, says seven studies now underway will look at patient satisfaction and range of motion. Preliminary data will
20、 be available in a year or so. Anatomical differences aside, Templeton says, replacement knees may not perform well in women in part because females tend to delay surgerysometimes until they“re bound to the house by disability. In addition, it“s not clear that the manufacturer“s specialized design w
21、ill translate to less pain, says Steven Haas, an orthopedic surgeon and chief of the knee service at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York. For example, making the front of the replacement knee thinner by one twenty-fifth of an inch won“t necessarily make a noticeable difference to recipients
22、. Having a correctly fitted device is clearly important, says Haas, who notes that other companies have modified their smaller knees to account for gender differences in anatomy.(Haas has consulted with Smith their partnership was like that of Ginger Rogers and Fred Astaire. But it was Sir Edmund wh
23、o first struggled his way up a crack in the 12-metre(40-foot)rockface that had to be overcome after the south summit if the real one was to be achieved, and below which only oblivion awaited. News of the British-led expedition“s triumph on May 29th 1953 reached the world through a report in the Lond
24、on Times four days later. The Times, a sponsor of the expedition, had used an elaborate code to trick any rivals monitoring the radio waves. Its scoop was indeed a coup: June 2nd was the day of Queen Elizabeth“s coronation, at Which her majesty was crowned. Sir Edmund was a man of action. After Ever
25、est came more expeditions in Nepal, a race to the South Pole and further adventures in the Antarctic, the Himalayas and India. But for some onlookers neither these nor even the Everest expedition was especially remarkable: fitness and physical courage are all very well, they argued, but the world“s
26、highest peak was simply waiting to be scaled, and a steady traffic nowadays makes its way to the top unnoticed, except for the litter it leaves. Both the indifferent and the awe-struck, however, agree that Sir Edmund“s other life was wholly admirable, and he himself said he was prouder of it than of
27、 anything else. This was his tireless work for the Sherpas, of whom he had become so fond. Through his efforts, and those of Tenzing, hospitals, clinics, bridges, runways and nearly 30 schools have been built in the Solo Khumbu region of Nepal just south of Everest. If New Zealand claimed Sir Edmund
28、“s loyalty, Nepal, and especially its Sherpas, could surely claim his heart.（分数：10.00）(1).Which of the following is true of Sir Edmund Hillary?（分数：2.00）A.He never left the awkward New Zealand beekeeper.B.He is the first person to reach the top of Everest.C.Neither mountaineering nor beekeeping was h
29、is accomplishment.D.He failed to command universal esteem till the end.(2).The Times was the first to report the news of expedition“s triumph in that（分数：2.00）A.it was one of the major sponsors of this expedition.B.its headquarters was located in London.C.it used the code its rivals could not compreh
30、end.D.it was much smarter than its competitors.(3).The sentence “a steady traffic nowadays makes its way to the top unnoticed“(Lines 4-5, Paragraph 4)shows that（分数：2.00）A.conquering Everest is not special since more people set foot on it.B.people could reach the top of Everest with the help of vehic
31、les.C.people would not respect those conquering Everest by vehicles.D.the world“s highest peak would be conquered anyway.(4).According to the passage, Sir Edmund“s other life refers to（分数：2.00）A.the modest life of working as the beekeeper in New Zealand.B.the exciting life of adventures.C.the meanin
32、gful life of working hard for the Sherpas.D.the busy life of being an international celebrity.(5).An appropriate title for the text is most likely to be（分数：2.00）A.Expedition“s Triumph in Everest.B.Plain Man Mighty Deeds.C.A Man of Action.D.Sir Edmund“s Expeditions.考研英语（阅读）-试卷 188 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：
33、90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_解析：It seems to happen with depressing frequencysunny skies turn to rain just as the
34、weekend arrives. Now Spanish researchers say they have evidence that in some parts of Europe the weather really does follow a weekly cycle, although not in the straightforward way that the anecdote might suggest. Evidence has been mounting over the years that the weather in certain parts of the worl
35、d, including the US, Japan and China, can be driven by the weekly cycle of human activity. This is because we tend to produce more air pollution during the week and less at the weekend. Evidence that such an effect occurs in Europe is controversial and has been harder to come by. Arturo Sanchez-Lore
36、nzo of the University of Barcelona, Spain, and his colleagues examined data gathered between 1961 and 2004 from weather stations across Spain to see whether such a pattern existed. They claim to have found it in Spain, as well as hints of weekly changes in air circulation more broadly over Western E
37、urope. The result is puzzling, but it is known that airborne pollutants produced by human activity can affect the weather in a variety of ways. For example, particles can be heated by absorbing sunlight, which in turn heats the air and changes air circulation patterns. Pollutant particles can also p
38、rovide seeds for cloud formation. Exactly which effect has the greatest influence seems to depend on conditions that vary season by season. They also found signs that air pressure in Western Europe tends to be lower midweek than at the weekend in data from a global database. This suggests that the h
39、uman influence on weather goes beyond known local effects, says team member Josep Calbo of the University of Girona in Spain. However, it is not clear whether the team“s findings are statistically significant, says Thomas Bell of NASA“s Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland, who was par
40、t of a team that found a stronger weekly cycle in the US. “This whole enterprise of looking for weekly cycles is rife with possibilities for misleading oneself.“ Why a weekly cycle would be less noticeable in Europe than in the US and Asia is still unknown. No weekly cycle has ever been found in the
41、 UK, probably because the weather is dominated by large systems blowing in from the Atlantic Ocean. These larger systems may be harder for weekly pollution cycles to influence, points out Douglas Maraun of the University of East Anglia in Norwich, who studies UK precipitation. “I doubt that there is
42、 a weekly influence of human activity on such a large weather system,“ he says.（分数：10.00）(1).In the opening paragraph, Spanish researchers suggest that（分数：2.00）A.the weather system of Europe follows a strict weekly cycle.B.there is a great possibility of rain in Spain on weekends. C.rain cycles have
43、 resulted from the excessive human activities.D.weather interacts with human activities in a straightforward way.解析：解析：推理判断题。举出西班牙研究者的研究情况是为了说明句，即“就在周末到来之际，晴朗的天空开始下雨，且频率很高”，B 项的表述与文章大意一致。(2).The reason why weather changes are possibly due to human factors is that（分数：2.00）A.the weather usually follow
44、s a weekly cycle.B.when people stay at home, they are careful with pollutants production.C.air circulation acts in different manners because of deliberate human interference.D.different activities on weekdays and weekends have imposed effect on the air. 解析：解析：事实细节题，考查因果细节。该段句提到天气受人类活动周循环的影响，句的 becau
45、se表明原因：我们在工作日造成的空气污染往往要多些，周末则少些。可见，正是由于人们在工作日和周末的不同活动给大气造成了影响，虽然这种影响在欧洲争议较大且证据不足，但第二段句说明这种现象存在，故与题干中的 possibly 相符，选 D 项。(3).Airborne pollutants can affect（分数：2.00）A.sunlight absorption.B.air circulation. C.cloud movement.D.human activities.解析：解析：事实细节题。第三段分析了空气携带的污染物以各种方式影响天气。句中的 particles 对应句的 pollu
46、tants，which 引导的定语从句表明，微尘会影响空气循环模式，B 项符合。(4).What“s Thomas Bell“s attitude toward the study of weekly change in weather?（分数：2.00）A.He supports the findings through his own research statistics.B.He agrees that the findings are possibly true.C.He points out that the findings lack in abundant data D.He
47、is certain that the purpose of study is misleading.解析：解析：事实细节题，考查观点态度。根据题干中的人名定位到第四段。句表达了 Thomas Bell 的看法：还不清楚该研究小组的发现在数据统计上(statistically)是否有效，C 项“缺乏大量数据支持”的说法符合句意。(5).The climate in UK is probably（分数：2.00）A.under the influence of large whether systems. B.the same to that of the other regions of Eu
48、rope.C.drawing the attention of global research world.D.less changeable due to weak human activities.解析：解析：推理判断题。根据题干中的 UK 定位到第五段。第五段句提到：英国从未发生过周循环现象，或许因为其天气被来自大西洋的强大气流控制，A 项符合句意。Manufacturers of everything from running shoes to deodorants, a substance to remove unpleasant odors, design products specifically for women. One of the latest entries: the first artificial joint created forand heavily advertised to females. Doctors say it“s too soon to tell whether the Gender Knee represents a giant leap for womankind or if
