1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 184 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_Teachers are heroes, not villains, and it“s time to
2、 stop demonizing them. It has become fashionable to blame all of society“s manifold sins and wickedness on “teachers unions,“ as if it were possible to separate these supposedly evil organizations from the dedicated public servants who belong to them. Collective bargaining is not the problem, and ta
3、king that right away from teachers will not fix the schools. The fact is that teachers are being saddled with absurdly high expectations. Some studies have shown a correlation between student performance and teacher “effectiveness,“ depending how this elusive quality is measured, but there is a whol
4、e body of academic literature proving the stronger correlation between student performance and a much more important variable: family income. Yes, I“m talking about poverty. Sorry to be so gauche , but when teachers point out the relationship between income and achievement, they“re not shirking resp
5、onsibility. They“re just stating an inconvenient truth. According to figures compiled by the College Board, students from families making more than $200,000 score more than 300 points higher on the SAT, on average, than students from families making less than $20,000 a year. There is, in fact, a cle
6、ar relationship all the way along the scale; Each increment in higher family income translates into points on the test. Sean Rcardon of Stanford University“s Center for Education Policy Analysis concluded in a recent study that the achievement gap between high-income and low-income students is actua
7、lly widening. It is unclear why this might be happening; maybe it is due to increased income inequality, maybe the relationship between income and achievement has somehow become stronger, maybe there is some other reason. Whatever the cause, our society“s answer seems to be: Beat up the teachers. We
8、 tend to believe that most of the teachers in low-income, low-performing schools are incompetentand, by extension, that most of the teachers in upper-crust schools, where students perform well, are paragons of pedagogical virtue. But some of the most dedicated and talented teachers I“ve ever met wer
9、e working in “failing“ inner-city schools. And yes, in award-winning schools where “all the children are above average“, I“ve met some unimaginative hacks who should never be allowed near a classroom. It is reasonable to hold teachers accountable for their performance, but it is not reasonableor, in
10、 the end, productive“ to hold them accountable for factors that lie far beyond their control. It is fair to insist that teachers approach their jobs with the assumption that every single child, rich or poor, can succeed. It is not fair to expect teachers to correct all the imbalances and remedy all
11、the pathologies that result from growing inequality in our society. Portraying teachers as villains doesn“t help a single child. Ignoring the reasons for the education gap in this country is no way to close it. And there“s a better way to learn about the crisis than going to the movies. Visit a scho
12、ol instead.（分数：10.00）(1).The text is primarily concerned with_.（分数：2.00）A.discussing teacher union“s manifold sins and wickednessB.explaining why teachers are heroes, not villainsC.arguing that it is wrong to blame teachers for all education problemsD.listing reasons beyond teachers“ control for edu
13、cation gap(2).The underlined word “gauche“(Line 4, Paragraph 3)is closest in meaning to_.（分数：2.00）A.humbleB.awkwardC.confidentD.arrogant(3).According to the text, which one of the following is strongly related with student performance?（分数：2.00）A.Teacher effectiveness.B.Parental involvement.C.School
14、ranking.D.Family income.(4).It can be inferred from the text that a student is more likely to get higher points in SAT if he/ she_.（分数：2.00）A.comes from a rich familyB.studies 10 hours each dayC.makes less than 20,000 each yearD.has a teacher who excels in virtue(5).With which of the following state
15、ments regarding education would the author most likely agree?（分数：2.00）A.Most of the teachers in low-income, low-performing schools are incompetent.B.Most of the teachers in upper-crust schools, where students perform well, are paragons of pedagogical virtue.C.If all teachers are competent in one sch
16、ool has nothing to do with its overall student performance.D.Teachers are accountable for achievement gap.The koala, cuddly symbol of a nation and one of the most beloved animals on the planet, is in crisis. Before Europeans settled Australia more than two centuries ago, about ten million koalas liv
17、ed in a 1, 500-mile-long swath of the east coast eucalyptus forests. Hunted for their luxurious fur, koalas were brought to the edge of extinction in the southern half of their range. In the northern half, Queensland, a million were killed in 1919 alone. After the last open season in Queensland was
18、held in 1927, only tens of thousands remained. Through the next half century their numbers slowly rebounded, in part due to efforts to relocate and recolonize them. Then urbanization began to take its loll. Habitat was lost, and diseases spread. With urbanization came the threat of dogs and highways
19、. Since 1990, when about 430,000 koalas inhabited Australia, their numbers have dropped sharply. Because surveys are difficult, current population estimates vary widely from a low of 44,000 by advocacy groups to a high of 300,000 by government agencies. More than a decade ago a survey of the Koala C
20、oast, a 93,000-acre region in southeastern Queensland, estimated a koala population of 6,200; today there are believed to be around 2,000. “Koalas are getting caught in fences and dying, being killed by dogs, struck by vehicles, even dying simply because a homeowner cut down several eucalyptus trees
21、 in his backyard,“ says Deidre de Villiers, one of the chief koala researchers at the Queensland Department of Environment and Resource Management. De Villiers insists that koalas and humans can coexist in urban environments, if developers get on board with koala-sensitive designs, such as lower spe
22、ed limits for streets, green corridors for koala movement, and, most especially, preserving every precious eucalyptus tree. Unfortunately, koalas have another problem. “Disease is the other huge issue,“ says veterinarian Jon Hanger, 42, from the Royal Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals
23、 in Queensland. Hanger has discovered that as much as half of Queensland“s koala population may be affected by the sexually transmitted disease chlamydiosis. In some wild koala populations more than 50 percent of the sexually mature females are infertile. The genesis of the disease is unknown, but i
24、t manifests itself as urogenital and ocular disease and is transmitted through mating and birthing, as well as fighting among males. Unlike in humans, chlamydiosis in koalas is often fatal. “Koala populations that used to be vibrant and sustainable are becoming extinct,“ says Hanger, who puts the bl
25、ame squarely on the provincial government. “Queensland has failed miserably to do anything meaningful about the decline. The federal government needs to get involved and do it properly, listing the koala as vulnerable to extinction. “ Such a designation might save the last remnants of critical koala
26、 habitat, he argues. Hanger is also part of a research team developing a chlamydia vaccine. A recent report presented to the Australian Senate made several recommendations to save the koalas, including listing the animals as threatened and vulnerable, funding a program to monitor koala populations,
27、mapping their habitat, and managing federal and private lands to protect the koalas. Until such measures are taken, the efforts of grassroots koala emergency squads will continue to be essential.（分数：10.00）(1).Which one of the following most accurately expresses the main point of the passage?（分数：2.00
28、）A.Koala populations have dropped sharply in the past century due to threat of dogs and highways, lost of habitat and spread of diseases.B.Since disease is a huge issue that causes the extinction of Koalas, the research developing a chlamydia vaccine is urgent and critical.C.The efforts to save Koal
29、a populations that are becoming extinct because of different reasons require involvement from both government and grassroots groups.D.In order for koalas and humans to coexist in urban environments, developers should get on board with koala sensitive designs.(2).According to the text which one of th
30、e followings is not a reason that has caused Koala numbers decrease?（分数：2.00）A.Hunted for their luxurious furB.Lost of habitatC.Spread of diseaseD.Climate change(3).Jon Hanger would be most likely to agree with which one of the following recommendations to save the koalas?（分数：2.00）A.Listing the anim
31、als as threatened and vulnerableB.Funding a program to monitor koala populationsC.Mapping their habitatD.Managing federal and private lands(4).Based on the second paragraph, the reason Koala numbers slowly rebounded through the next half century is that_.（分数：2.00）A.Speed limits for streets was lower
32、ed.B.Green corridors for koala movement were built.C.People preserved every precious eucalyptus tree.D.People relocated and recolonized them.(5).Which one of the following most accurately identifies the attitude shown by Jon Hanger in the fifth paragraph toward government“s role in saving Koalas?（分数
33、：2.00）A.Scholarly appreciation for its longstanding effortsB.Strong rebuke that it has failed miserably to do anything meaningful about the declineC.Mild disappointment that it did not list the koala as vulnerable to extinctionD.Open approval of its resistance to get involvedEvery individual possess
34、es a unique quality that differentiates him or her from other people. Whether it is a charming personality, brilliant intellect or any number of differing traits, each person is a contributing component to the world in which we live. We are all pieces of a grand puzzle, each piece vital to the compl
35、etion and creativity of a vivid masterpiece. Intertwined in the cycle of life, we all strive to be the best, persistent upon being noticed or recognized amidst vast diversity. In doing so, some forget the influences that helped to mold them into the person that they became and fall centered in a wor
36、ld of their own. Others grow so self-involved that they are no longer conscious of their surroundings and are unaware that evolution is shared and not isolated to one“ s self. Hence, the narcissist is born. With influences from the news and other media, we are constantly steered in the direction of
37、those who are most glamorous and famous. It“s not often we see a tycoon that publicly worries about his image. Why would he? The thought is that once you“ve reached a certain stature, nothing else matters. Our children arc striving for this “liquid“ status. “It won“t matter what anyone thinks if I“m
38、 rich and famous. “ This growing trend of narcissism is decaying our humanity. We are raised to accept ourselves, but some take this self-acceptance to over indulgent lengths, placing self atop pedestals above everyone else. The narcissist becomes desensitized to the feelings of other people, treati
39、ng them as if they were but another obstacle. This type of person is intolerant of the flaws and sometimes, the very existence of other people. Sadly, the narcissist is often consumed by anger and hatred and breeds such hatred throughout the world. As with a virus, this anger and impatience is sprea
40、d from person to person, a contagious domino effect of negativity. Our society will surely fall to its demise if this wicked mentality is not changed. If one only thinks of self, there will no longer be charity or good will. Misfortunate children will go hungry and unclothed. Our elders will not be
41、cared for and communities will not be able to rebuild if stricken by tragedy. It seems that over time, many have forgotten humility and the ability to be bumble. It has become a “dog-eat-dog“ world, every man for himself. This kind of mentality must be changed if we intend for our children to lead p
42、roductive lives. It is the unity of mankind that will improve the world and make it a better place for our future generations.（分数：10.00）(1).We learn from paragraph 1 that every individual _.（分数：2.00）A.is somewhat glamorous no matter who he isB.contributes to the creation of a grand puzzleC.is differ
43、ent from other people in intelligenceD.plays a part in improving the world we live in(2).The author suggests that a narcissist is someone who _.（分数：2.00）A.loves and admires himself excessivelyB.is characterized by apathy and isolationC.is interested in nothing but being noticedD.strives to be the be
44、st through thick and thin(3).The example of tycoon is given in paragraph 3 to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.people are eager to become glamorous and famousB.wealthy people are indifferent to their appearancesC.more and more people are pursuing self-centered lifeD.rich people are extremely worried about thei
45、r images(4).With the trend of narcissism growing, the society might be dominated by _.（分数：2.00）A.aversion, rage, and hatredB.impatience and intoleranceC.egotism, vanity, and conceitD.deleterious human mentality(5).The text is written to _.（分数：2.00）A.prove the great value of charity and good willB.ur
46、ge people to overcome the negative mentalityC.explain the harmfulness of narcissism to societyD.encourage people to unite in changing the worldThe idea of hunting down and shooting an animal for sport strikes many people as barbaric. That is doubly true of trophy hunting, where the goal is not food
47、but a handsome head or set of antlers for the wall. Sad it may be, but the balance of evidence is that trophy hunting can help conserve threatened species and their habitats, so for people who care about the fate of wildlife the real question is not whether to allow hunting, but how to manage it. Do
48、ne properly, trophy hunting can provide a source of jobs and income, and thus give local communities a reason to protect wildlife and habitats that might otherwise be sacrificed to rural villagers“ need to put meat on the table. Countries that can attract jeep loads of camera-toting tourists can get
49、 along without trophy hunting: Kenya does not need it, for example. But it comes into its own in marginal habitats that lack lush diversity, such as the arid scrubland of Botswana, and in countries with the uncertain political climates of Zimbabwe and Pakistan. Done wrongly, of course, trophy hunting provides none of these benefits, as foreign operators fly in, shoot, and
