1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 141 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_Taking a multivitamin around the time of conception
2、 may help women lower their risk of delivering low-birth-weight babies, a new research shows. The study, one of the first to look at multivitamin use immediately before and after conception, strengthens the notion that nutritional deficiencies may increase the risk of birth complications. Still, the
3、 researchers cautioned that it was too soon to recommend multivitamins for women who are contemplating pregnancy or already expecting. While some studies have suggested benefits, others have found that women who eat a healthy diet have no need for multivitamins, and that vitamins may even do some ha
4、rm, especially when their use is continued late into a pregnancy. The study, published in the September issue of The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, analyzed data on nearly 36,000 Danish women enrolled in a national birth registry. The scientists who carried out the research found that a lar
5、ge share of the womenabout 60 percent had been taking multivitamins in the four weeks before and eight weeks after the last menstrual period. After adjusting for a number of risk factors, like smoking, weight and the age of the mother, the study found that women who took a daily multivitamin and wer
6、e of normal weight had a nearly 20 percent lower chance of delivering a preterm baby, compared with those who did not take a daily multivitamin. Women who were overweight did not see the same benefit, though it was unclear why. In 2004, a study by scientists at Emory University and the Centers for D
7、isease Control and Prevention found that taking daily multivitamins was a widespread practice among expectant mothers in the United States. Up to 78 percent of pregnant women reported taking multivitamins, the study found, compared with only 47 percent of women who were not pregnant. Doctors have lo
8、ng encouraged pregnant women and those contemplating pregnancy to take folic acida B vitamindaily to help prevent neural tube defects. Folic acid is the synthetic form of folate, a member of the family of B vitamins that is involved with DNA synthesis and DNA methylation. Because of these crucial fu
9、nctions, folate plays important roles in fetal development and nerve tissue health. And since the late 1990s, the government has also required food makers to add the vitamin to many grain products, including flour and breads. The authors of the latest study suggested that there could be other nutrie
10、nts in multivitamins besides folic acid that help reduce the risk of birth complications. But they also said that more, research was needed, and that they were not recommending that women trying to conceive should start a daily multivitamin regimen.（分数：10.00）(1).The main idea of the passage is that_
11、.（分数：2.00）A.taking a multivitamin around the time of conception may help women lower their risk of delivering low birth-weight babiesB.women who took a daily multivitamin had a nearly 20 percent lower chance of delivering a preterm babyC.women trying to conceive should start a daily multivitamin reg
12、imenD.a new research strengthens the notion that taking multivitamins may decrease the risk of birth complications(2).According to Paragraph 2, which one of the followings is not a reason for not recommending multivitamins to pregnant women?（分数：2.00）A.women who eat a healthy diet have no need for mu
13、ltivitaminsB.taking multivitamins may increase the risk of birth complicationsC.vitamins may even do some harm for pregnant womenD.vitamins may especially harm pregnant women during late pregnancy(3).According to Paragraph 3, the factor combined with taking multivitamins to decide women“s chance of
14、delivering a preterm baby is_.（分数：2.00）A.smokingB.weightC.age of the motherD.last menstrual period(4).It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.taking daily multivitamins is not as common a practice among women who are not pregnant as among pregnant women in the United StatesB.pr
15、egnant women consider taking multivitamin as the most important way to guarantee their nutrition intakeC.women who are not pregnant do not think taking multivitamins can reduce the risk of birth complicationsD.pregnant women in the United States believe that taking multivitamins can reduce the risk
16、of birth complications(5).Folate plays important roles in_.（分数：2.00）A.DNA synthesis and DNA methylationB.lowering the chance of delivering a preterm babyC.fetal development and nerve tissue healthD.avoiding vitamin B deficiencyThe job recovery could perhaps best be described as modest , and Friday “
17、 s jobs report for May further solidified that description. U. S. employers added 175,000 new jobs last montha strong showing, but only moderately so. And from the perspective of a central banker, that might be welcome news. An employment report that showed too big of a spike in job creation could s
18、pook investors, even as it signals a healthy economy, says Brett Wander, chief investment officer in fixed income at Charles Schwab Investment Management. “There“s some concernamong investorsthat in turnFederal Reserve Chairman BenBernanke“s going to take the punch bowl away. Then it may be a very s
19、hortlived party. He wants a long sustained jobs growth,“ says Wander. That “punch howl“ is the Fed“s $85 billion of monthly purchases of bonds and mortgage backed securities, known as QE3. While Bernanke has mentioned the possibility of tapering in coming months. he has also said he believes sustain
20、ed and substantial job market improvement will be a prerequisite for dialing back the program. Markets have been watching closely for any signs of when that might be. Those bond buys have been keeping interest rates very low. However, even Bernanke“s mention of possible future tapering in a congress
21、ional testimony last month sent bond yields spiking. If a job report comes in too strongly, says Wander, it will trigger a bond sell-off, sending bond yields upward. In other words, there is a scenario in which a supremely positive jobs report could, ironically, hurt the economy. “It“s those low yie
22、lds that are arguably stimulating the economy,“ says Wander. For example, low bond yields mean low mortgage rates, which could inspire more buyers to get into the housing market. Higher interest rates could slow that down. On the other hand, it“s important to remember that low interest rates are not
23、 the Fed“s ultimate goal. Rather, they“re a means to the end of boosting employment. For that reason, it may be that the economic outlook is sunny, whether jobs data is modest or booming. “If you take a bullish viewand we are bullishwe“re kind of in a win-win situation here,“ says Hank Smith, chief
24、investment officer and director at Haverford Trust. “Yes. better data will lead to the fed starting to pull back from its quantitative easing, but better data is something that is desired. So that should be good for corporate earnings, which is the ultimate driver of stock prices. “ In Smith“s opini
25、on, the latest jobs report was better than expected but “still reflective of an economy that“s growing at a below-average rate. “ He“s not the only one who considers economic growth middling. In its latest Beige Book report released Wednesday, the Federal Reserve characterized activity as growing at
26、 “modest to moderate pace. “ So while the chatter grows, even among Fed Presidents, about the prospect of tapering, more mixed data could mean a full punch bowl for at least a few more months.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “spook“(Line 1, Paragraph 2)is closest in meaning to _.（分数：2.00）A.attractB.satisfyC.f
27、rightenD.irritate(2).According to Paragraph 3, the prerequisite for taking the punch bowl away is_ .（分数：2.00）A.a spike in job creationB.sustained and substantial job market improvementC.more buyers getting into the housing marketD.high interest rate(3).The most accurate description for the word “tap
28、ering“ in the passage is_.（分数：2.00）A.quantitative easingB.bond sell-offC.negative jobs reportD.dialing back QE3(4).Which one of the following is not a positive effect of “better data“?（分数：2.00）A.better data is something that is desired.B.better data is good for corporate earnings.C.better data will
29、lead to the fed starting to pull back from its quantitative easing.D.better data is good for stock prices.(5).It can be inferred from the last paragraph that_.（分数：2.00）A.the fed will not start to pull back from its quantitative easing in the near futureB.the stock price will rise for a few more mont
30、hsC.recently economy grows at modest to moderate paceD.interest rate will remain high though this yearOver the past 50 years, expansive, low density communities have proliferated at the edges of many cities in the United States and Canada, creating a phenomenon known as suburhan sprawl . Andres Duan
31、y, Elizabeth Flater-Zyberk, and Jeff Speck, a group of prominent town planners belonging to a movement called New Urbanism, contend that suburban sprawl contributes to the decline of civic life and civility. For reasons involving the flow of automobile traffic, they note, zoning laws usually dictate
32、 that suburban homes, stores, businesses, and schools be built in separate areas, and this separation robs people of communal space where they can interact and get to know one another. It is as difficult to imagine the concept of community without a town square or local pub, these town planners cont
33、end, as it is to imagine the concept of family independent of the house. Suburban housing subdivisions, Duany and his colleagues add, usually contain homes identical not only in appearance but also in price, resulting in a de facto economic segregation of residential neighborhoods. Children growing
34、up in these neighborhoods, whatever their economic circumstances, are certain to be ill prepared for life in a diverse society. Moreover, because the widely separated suburban homes and businesses are connected only by “collector roads,“ residents areforccd to drive, often in heavy traffic, in order
35、 to perform many daily tasks. Time that would in a town center involve social interaction within a physical public realm is now spent inside the automobile, where people cease to be community members andinstead become motorists, competing for road space, often acting antisocially. Pedestrians rarely
36、 act in this manner toward each other. Duany and his colleagues advocate development based on early-twentieth century urban neighborhoods that mix housing of different prices and offer residents a “gratifying public realm“ that includes narrow, tree-lined streets,parks, corner grocery stores, cafes,
37、 small-neighborhood schools, all within walking distance. This, they believe, would give people of diverse backgrounds and lifestyles an opportunity to interact and thus develop mutual respect. Opponents of New Urbanism claim that migrationto sprawling suburbs is an expression of people“s legitimate
38、 desire to secure the enjoyment and personal mobility provided by the automobile and thelifestyle that it makes possible. However, the New Urbanists do not question people“s right to their own values; instead, they suggest that we should take a more critical view of these values and of the sprawl-co
39、nducive zoning and subdivision policies that reflect them. New Urbanists are fundamentally concerned with the long-term social costs of the now-prevailing attitude that individual mobility, consumption, and wealth should be valued absolutely, regardless of their impact on community life.（分数：10.00）(1
40、).Based on the text, which of the following best defines the word “sprawl“(Line 2, Paragraph 1)?（分数：2.00）A.spread outB.declineC.renewD.threaten(2).According to the second paragraph, “communal space“ is to “community“ as_.（分数：2.00）A.town square is to “local pub“B.home is to “family“C.business is to “
41、school“D.store is to “library“(3).According to Paragraph 4, which one of the following is not characteristic of early-twentieth century urban neighborhoods?（分数：2.00）A.Mixing housing of different prices and styles.B.Offering residents a “gratifying public realm“ .C.Forcing residents to drive, often i
42、n heavy traffic.D.Giving people of diverse backgrounds and lifestyles an opportunity to interact and thus develop mutual respect.(4).To which of the following statements would New Urbanists most likely agree?（分数：2.00）A.Suburban sprawl contributes to the thriving of civic life and civility.B.Children
43、 growing up in urban neighborhoods were ill prepared for life in a diverse society.C.Early-twentieth century urban neighborhoods should be the model for the modern neighborhood development.D.The automobile and the lifestyle that it makes possible bring people enjoyment and personal mobility.(5).Acco
44、rding to the passage, the New Urbanists cite which one of the following as a harmful result of the need for people to travel extensively every day by automobile?（分数：2.00）A.It imposes an extra financial burden on the residents of sprawling suburbs.B.It increases the amount of time people spend in sit
45、uations in which antisocial behavior occurs.C.It produces significant amounts of air pollution and thus tends to harm the quality of people“s lives.D.It decreases the amount of time that parents spend in enjoyable interactions with their children.We all know(or should know)by now that the carbon dio
46、xide we produce when we burn fossil fuels and cut down forests is the planet“s single largest contributor to global warming. It persists in the atmosphere for centuries. Reducing these emissions by as much as half by 2050 is essential to avoid disastrous consequences by the end of this century, and
47、we must begin immediately. But this is a herculean undertaking, both technically and politically. There is, however, a short-term strategy. We can slow this warming quickly by cutting emissions of four other climate pollutants: black carbon, a component of soot; methane, the main component of natura
48、l gas; lower-level ozone, a main ingredient of urban smog; and hydrofluorocarbons, or HFCs, which are used as coolants. They account for as much as 40 percent of current warming. We can reduce black carbon emissions significantly in the next few decades by using particulate filters on cars and truck
49、s and switching to low-sulfur diesel. By employing those strategies, California, for instance, has cut the warming effect from diesel emissions by nearly half since the late 1980s. In addition, we can further reduce emissions of black carbon and carbon monoxide(which produces lower-level ozone)in the developing world simply by turning to efficient biomass cook stov
