1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 123 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_There will eventually come a day when The New York
2、Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. “Sometime in the future,“ the paper“s publisher said back in 2010. Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there“s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to m
3、ake a physical newspaperprinting presses, delivery trucksisn“t just expensive; it“ s excessive at a time when online-only competitors don“t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print and sales still dwarf their online and mobile counter
4、parts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mis take, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti. Peretti says the Times shouldn“t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it
5、the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,“ he said, “but if you discontinue it, you“re going to have your most loyal customers really upset with you.“ Sometimes that“s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing i
6、ts DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as a blunder,“ he said. The more turned out to be foresighted. And if Peretti were in change at the Times“? “I wouldn“t pick a year to end print,“ he said. “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.“ The most loyal cust
7、omers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they“d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you“ re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,“ Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially
8、 try to generate additional revenue.“ In other words, if you“re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $ 500 a yearmore than twice as much as a digi
9、tal-only subscription. “It“s a really hard thing to do and it“s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn“t have a legacy business,“ Peretti remarked. “But we“re going to have questions like that where we have things we“re doing that don“t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In t
10、hose situations, it“s better to be more aggressive than less aggressive.“（分数：10.00）(1).The New York Times is considering ending its print edition partly due to（分数：2.00）A.the high cost of operation.B.the pressure from its investors.C.the complaints from its readers.D.the increasing online ad sales.(2
11、).Peretti suggests that, in face of the present situation, the Times should（分数：2.00）A.seek new sources of readership.B.end the print edition for good.C.aim for efficient management.D.make strategic adjustments.(3).It can be inferred from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that a “legacy product“（分数：2.00）A.helps res
12、tore the glory of former times.B.is meant for the most loyal customers.C.will have the lost of printing reduced.D.expands the popularity of the paper.(4).Peretti believes that, in a changing world,（分数：2.00）A.legacy businesses are becoming outdated.B.cautiousness facilitates problems-solving.C.aggres
13、siveness better meets challenges.D.traditional luxuries can stay unaffected.(5).Which of the following would be the best title of the text?（分数：2.00）A.Shift to Online Newspapers All at OnceB.Cherish the Newspaper Still in Your HandC.Make Your Print Newspaper a Luxury GoodD.Keep Your Newspaper Forever
14、 in FashionWhen Thomas Keller, one of America“s foremost chefs, announced that on Sept. 1 he would abolish the practice of tipping at Per Se, his luxury restaurant in New York City, and replace it with a European-style service charge, I knew three groups would be opposed: customers, servers and rest
15、aurant owners. These three groups are all committed to tippingas they quickly made clear on Web sites. To oppose tipping , it seems, is to be anti-capitalist, and maybe even a little French. But Mr. Keller is right to move away from tippingand it“s worth exploring why just about everyone else in the
16、 restaurant world is wrong to stick with the practice. Customers believe in tipping because they think it makes economic sense. “Waiters know that they won“t get paid if they don“t do a good job“ is how most advocates of the system would put it. To be sure, this is a tempting, apparently rational st
17、atement about economic theory, but it appears to have little applicability to the real world of restaurants. Michael Lynn, an associate professor of consumer behavior and marketing at Cornell“s School of Hotel Administration, has conducted dozens of studies of tipping and has concluded that consumer
18、s“ assessments of the quality of service correlate weakly to the amount they tip.Rather, customers are likely to tip more in response to servers touching them lightly and leaning forward next to the table to make conversation than to how often their water glass is refilledin other words, customers t
19、ip more when they like the server, not when the service is good. Mr. Lynn“s studies also indicate that male customers increase their tips for female servers while female customers increase their tips for male servers. What“s more, consumers seem to forget that the tip increases as the bill increases
20、. Thus, the tipping system is an open invitation to what restaurant professionals call “upwelling“: every bottle of imported water, every espresso and every cocktail is extra money in the server“s pocket. Aggressive upwelling for tips is often rewarded while low-key, quality service often goes unrec
21、ognized. In addition, the practice of tip pooling, which is the norm in fine-dining restaurants and is becoming more common in every kind of restaurant above the level of a greasy spoon, has ruined whatever effect voting with your tip might have had on an individual waiter. In an unreasonable outcom
22、e, you are punishing the good waiters in the restaurant by not tipping the bad one. Indeed, there appears to be little connection between tipping and good service.（分数：10.00）(1).It may be inferred that a European-style service（分数：2.00）A.is tipping-free.B.charges little tip.C.is the author“ s initiati
23、ve.D.is offered at Per Se.(2).Which of the following is NOT true according to the author?（分数：2.00）A.Tipping is a common practice in the restaurant world.B.Waiters don“t care about tipping.C.Customers generally believe in tipping.D.Tipping has little connection with the quality of service.(3).Accordi
24、ng to Michael Lynn“ s studies, waiters will likely get more tips if they（分数：2.00）A.have performed good service.B.frequently refill customers“ water glass.C.win customers“ favor.D.serve customers of the same sex.(4).We may infer from the context that “upwelling“ (Para. 6) probably means（分数：2.00）A.sel
25、ling something up.B.selling something fancy.C.selling something unnecessary.D.selling something more expensive.(5).This passage is mainly about（分数：2.00）A.reasons to abolish the practice of tipping.B.economic sense of tipping.C.consumers“ attitudes towards tipping.D.tipping for good service.Cyberspac
26、e, data superhighways, multi mediafor those who have seen the future, the linking of computers, television and telephones will change our lives forever. Yet for all the talk of a forthcoming technological Utopia, little attention has been given to the implications of these developments for the poor.
27、 As with all new high technology, while the West concerns itself with the “how“, the question of “for whom“ is put aside once again. Economists are only now realizing the full extent to which the communications revolution has affected the world economy. Information technology allows the extension of
28、 trade across geographical and industrial boundaries, and transnational corporations take full advantage of it. Terms of trade, exchange and interest rates and money movements are more important than the production of goods. The electronic economy made possible by information technology allows the h
29、aves to increase their control on global marketswith destructive impact on the have-nots. For them the result is instability. Developing countries which rely on the production of a small range of goods for export are made to feel like small parts in the international economic machine. As “futures“ a
30、re traded on computer screens, developing countries simply have less and less control of their destinies. So what are the options for regaining control? One alternative is for developing countries to buy in the latest computers and telecommunications themselvesso-called “development communications“
31、modernization. Yet this leads to long-term dependency and perhaps permanent constraints on developing countries“ economies. Communications technology is generally exported from the U.S., Europe or Japan; the patents, skills and ability to manufacture remain in the hands of a few industrialized count
32、ries. It is also expensive, and imported products and services must therefore be bought on creditcredit usually provided by the very countries whose companies stand to gain. Furthermore, when new technology is introduced there is often too low a level of expertise to exploit it for native developmen
33、t. This means that while local elites, foreign communities and subsidiaries of transnational corporations may benefit, those whose lives depend on access to the information are denied it.（分数：10.00）(1).From the passage, we know that the development of high technology is in the interests of（分数：2.00）A.
34、the rich countries.B.scientific development.C.the elite.D.the world economy.(2).It can be inferred from the passage that（分数：2.00）A.international trade should be expanded.B.the interests of the poor countries have not been given enough consideration.C.the exports of the poor countries should be incre
35、ased.D.communications technology in the developing countries should be modernized.(3).Why does the author say that the electronic economy may have a destructive impact on developing countries?（分数：2.00）A.Because it enables the developed countries to control the international market.B.Because it destr
36、oys the economic balance of the poor countries.C.Because it violates the national boundaries of the poor countries.D.Because it inhibits the industrial growth of developing countries.(4).The development of modern communications technology in developing countries may（分数：2.00）A.hinder their industrial
37、 production.B.cause them to lose control of their trade.C.force them to reduce their share of exports.D.cost them their economic independence.(5).The author“s attitude toward the communications revolution is（分数：2.00）A.positive.B.critical.C.indifferent.D.tolerant.Cigarette smoking is a health hazard
38、of sufficient importance in the United States. It was 50 years ago this month that America“s Surgeon General sounded that warning, marking the beginning of the end of cigarette manufacturingand of smoking itselfas a respectable activity. Some 20 million Americans have died from the habit since then.
39、 But advertising restrictions and smoking bans have had their effect: the proportion of American adults who smoke has dropped from 43% to 18%; smoking rates among teenagers are at a record low. In many other countries the trends are similar. The current Surgeon General, Boris Lushniak, marked the ha
40、lf-century with a report on January 17th, declaring smoking even deadlier than previously thought. He added diabetes, colorectal cancer and other ailments to the list of ills it causes, and promised end-game strategies to extinguish cigarettes altogether. New technologies such as e-cigarettes promis
41、e to deliver nicotine less riskily. E-cigarettes give users a hit of vapour infused with nicotine. In America, sales of the manufacturer, who is the fastest e-cigarettes-adopter, have jumped from nearly nothing five years ago to at least 1 billion in 2013. At first, it looked as if e-cigarettes migh
42、t lure smokers from the big tobacco brands to startups such as NJOY. But tobacco companies have bigger war chests , more knowledge of smokers“ habits and better ties to distributors than the newcomers. Some experts reckon Americans will puff more e-cigarettes than normal ones within a decade, but to
43、bacco folk are skeptical. E-cigarettes account for just 1% of America“s cigarette market. In Europe 7% of smokers had tried e-cigarettes by 2012 but only 1% kept them up. And no one knows what sort of restrictions regulators will eventually place on reduced risk products, including e-cigarettes. If
44、these companies can manage the transition to less harmful smokes, and convince regulators to be sensible, the tobacco giants could keep up the sort of performance that has made their shares such a fine investment over the years. But some analysts are not so sure. Many tobacco firms are struggling to
45、 deliver the consistency of the earnings-per-share model we“ve seen in the past. If that persists, investors may fall out of love with the industry. A half-century after the Surgeon General“ s alarm, they, and hopeless smokers, are its last remaining friends.（分数：10.00）(1).It can be learned from Para
46、graph 1 that cigarette manufacturing in the United States（分数：2.00）A.was of sufficient importance.B.was put forward by America“s Surgeon General.C.began to go downhill.D.used to be an honorable activity.(2).According to the passage, e-cigarettes（分数：2.00）A.supply smokers with nicotine more safely.B.he
47、lp the fastest e-cigarettes-adopter gain sales 1 billion times.C.are mastered by all tobacco firms as a new technology.D.have lured smokers from the big tobacco brands to startups.(3).The phases “war chests“ (Para. 5) most probably means（分数：2.00）A.space.B.funds.C.networks.D.competitors.(4).The smoke
48、rs“ attitude toward the consumption of e-cigarettes is（分数：2.00）A.pessimistic.B.uncertain.C.optimistic.D.doubtful.(5).What is the passage mainly about?（分数：2.00）A.The potency of tobacco“ s advertising bans.B.The hostile regulatory climate of tobacco in the U.SC.The current situation and challenge of b
49、ig tobacco firms.D.The introduction and growth of e-cigarettes.考研英语（阅读）-试卷 123 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_
