1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 111及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_People with hearing impairments don“t want to be tre
2、ated as though they are somehow less valuable in the community. Is it normal to be a little nervous communicating with a deaf person for the first time? Sure. What“s important though is realizing that while these people can“t hear, they definitely can communicate effectively with you if you give the
3、m a chance. Any form of communication between people is a two way street. It is very important then to determine how a deaf person prefers to communicate. There are a number of options available to them such as sign language, lip reading or using text. There will be a way of making a connection. It
4、may sometimes he difficult or awkward but the effort is well worth it. If you need to communicate regularly with a deaf person there is no doubt that significant effort is required on your part to make the connection. It is almost like needing to learn a second language. Unfortunately for the majori
5、ty of people it is not something that they encounter on a regular basis, so novices to sign language and lip reading can make unintentional errors. Mostly these errors are the result of speed. For lip reading it may be a case of talking too fast so that the deaf person doesn“t have the capacity to c
6、atch all of the conversation. Alternatively it is not unusual for people to talk too slowly, as though the deaf person has a comprehension disorder rather than hearing. In terms of sign language it can be just as frustrating for the deaf person who is fluent in signing to try to decipher an untraine
7、d person“s attempts at sign language. “ Novices who learn the signs but only use them occasionally never really learn how to “speak“ in sign language the way someone closely tied to deaf people can. The dilemma can be compared to visiting a foreign country in which the inhabitants speak a different
8、language. You may have spent years studying that language but when you find yourself thrust into a different culture you realize that you have learned the rules and vocabulary of the language but you have not learned how to speak it. Dealing with deaf people does not necessarily have to significantl
9、y alter the way that you get your message across. Even with hearing people verbal communication only makes up a small component of the way a message is delivered. You may need to think a little more about the best way of making a connection but it can be done. These are ordinary people you are deali
10、ng with and they deserve to be treated with dignity and respect, the same as anyone else.（分数：10.00）(1).A deaf person_.（分数：2.00）A.is somehow less valuable in the communityB.can communicate effectively with normal peopleC.should be treated as a normal person in the societyD.feels a little nervous when
11、 communicating with other people(2).It may sometimes be difficult_.（分数：2.00）A.to determine how a deaf person communicatesB.to choose the appropriate option to communicateC.for a deaf person to communicate in sign languageD.for us to attempt to communicate with a deaf person(3).The typical error made
12、 by someone who has no experience in lip reading is_.（分数：2.00）A.talking too fastB.talking too slowlyC.talking at a wrong speedD.talking at a normal speed(4).Learning to “speak“ in sign language_.（分数：2.00）A.is similar to learning to speak a foreign languageB.is easier for a deaf person than for a nor
13、mal personC.is just as frustrating for a deaf person as for a normal personD.is effortless and pleasant for someone closely tied to deaf people(5).The author primarily asserts in the text that_.（分数：2.00）A.the way of communication varies with hearing peopleB.deaf people should he treated with dignity
14、 and respectC.it“s difficult to communicate regularly with a deaf personD.a message is delivered mainly through verhal communicationNever has a generation of young people spent so much money yet understood so little about how to manage it. Over the past decade, the average credit-card debt of Americ
15、ans ages 18 to 24 doubled, to nearly $3,000. Among high school seniors, 4 out of 5 have never taken a personal-finance class, but nearly half have an ATM debit card, and more than a quarter have bounced a check, according to a survey of 5,775 teens, released in April by the nonprofit JumpStart Coali
16、tion for Financial Literacy. If those trends continue, declaring bankruptcy could become as common as earning a bachelor“s degree. The scourge of financial illiteracy is worrisome not only for young debtors but also for their parents, many of whom are facing retirement and can“t keep bailing out the
17、ir kids forever. But at least one financial institution has found a way to capitalize on the problem. San Francisco-based Wells Fargo Bank has launched an online role-playing video game aimed at teaching teens and young adults the basics of financial managementwith no strings attached, although Well
18、s Fargo wouldn“t object if users ended up opening accounts at the bank. The game can be found at stagecoachisland. com and works only on Windows machines. The biggest challenge, says Erik Hauser of Swivel Media, who developed the game, was to find a way to engage kids“ attention. “They“re used to in
19、stant messaging, instant gratification and instant pudding. We had to find an approach that wasn“t dry or static. “ Players travel around a fantasy world, plunking down virtual cash at the mall or a car-rental agency, and earn spending money at any of the island“s seven virtual ATMs by taking quizze
20、s(after a brief tutorial)on such real-world fundamentals as credit, auto loans and online banking. Sample question: What does APR stand for? a)account percentage rate, b)average parcel rate, c)American paper route or d)annual percentage rate. For choosing d, you net $ 15 plus a shockingly generous 1
21、0% interest each day on your virtual savings account. But no computer game alone can cure adolescent financial ignorance. Some curriculum experts wonder why high schools are still teaching algebra, trigonometry and calculus but not the financial skills their students will need to survive in the real
22、 world, such as how to fill out tax forms, compare interest rates or calculate the return on an investment. “ More schools need to offer money-management classes,“ says Lewis Mandell, a finance professor at the State University of New York at Buffalo who oversaw the JumpStart research. “The curricul
23、um has to be made relevant to their lives.（分数：10.00）(1).The first paragraph is primarily intended to illustrate_.（分数：2.00）A.the life style of young generationB.the financial state of high school seniorsC.the survey released by a nonprofit agencyD.the serious financial illiteracy among adolescents(2)
24、.Financial illiteracy of the youth is likely to lead to_.（分数：2.00）A.the increase of young debtorsB.the declaration of bankruptcyC.the worry of most retiring parentsD.the prosperity of a financial institution(3).According to the text, Wells Fargo Bank_.（分数：2.00）A.has heavily invested in financial edu
25、cationB.is extremely interested in fostering financial literacyC.makes the best use of young people“s financial illiteracyD.tries to win more clients by launching an online video game(4).The video game developed by Erik Hauser_.（分数：2.00）A.contributes to the elimination of financial illiteracyB.offer
26、s a brief tutorial to those who are willing to playC.engages kids“ attention by providing instant messageD.gratifies its players instantly by offering cash to them(5).According to some financial experts, adolescents_.（分数：2.00）A.should spend less time playing computer gamesB.should attend less mathem
27、atics classes at schoolC.should cure their financial ignorance as soon as possibleD.should be given more opportunity to study financial skillsOne of the most important steps in developing creative abilities is recognizing and owning up to the obstacles to devising creative ideas. The foremost barrie
28、r, curiously, is experience. Although experience is often valuable, it can be a liability if in a search for creative ideas. Herman Kahn called experience “educated incapacity,“ which helps explain why many breakthrough ideas come from outsiders who aren“t encumbered by their experience. Kenneth Ols
29、on, founder of Digital Equipment Corp. , relied on his experience in computers when he told the World Future Society“s convention in 1977: “There is no reason for any individual to have a computer in their home. “ That “ s exactly when Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak were starting Apple Computer in the
30、ir garage! Assumptions can be another barrier to creativity. For years the greeting card companies labored under the assumption that their competition was other greeting card companies. No doubt this affected-and constrained their creative efforts. However, the unexpected popularity of sending flowe
31、rs and plants with just a telephone call(e. g. Florists Telegraph Delivery FTD)became significant competition. Judgments are another barrier. When was the last time you quickly responded to an idea with “It will never work,“ or “We tried that before,“ or “They“ll never buy it“? Think about judgments
32、 you“ve laughed at: “He“ll fall off the end of the earth“(about Christopher Columbus), or “They“ll never replace horses“(said about automobiles), or “Birds were made to fly, not man“(said about airplanes). What about the judgments that are now accepted as valid? What about Einstein“s Theory of Relat
33、ivity? Might it be superseded in the future, and could today“s acceptance inhibit creativity? Unfortunately, a common barrier to creativity, the “right answer“ syndrome, is locked into people“s brains shortly after they start school, with the get-the-rightanswer focus typical of our educational syst
34、em. Most school systems are better at turning out automatons who can memorize and parrot the right answers they are not so expert at turning out people who can think and invent new answers. The last major barrier to creativity is fear of failure. Failure is actually a great contributor to creativity
35、; it“s a tremendous learning tool. Although too many graduates of the right-answer school are oblivious to the value of failure, Thomas Edison was not. When a friend suggested that his attempts to develop an electric storage battery were a failure since he had tried thousands of materials without su
36、ccess, Edison replied: “Why, man, I“ve got a lot of results! I know several thousand things that won“t work. “（分数：10.00）(1).The author believes that experiences_.（分数：2.00）A.lay the foundation for productive thinkingB.impede the development of your creativityC.greatly affect how you devise creative i
37、deasD.are valuable for creating breakthrough ideas(2).The author cites what Kenneth Olson said in 1977 to show that_.（分数：2.00）A.experience is adverse to innovationB.he had rich experience in computersC.his early experience was misleadingD.unique experience is extremely valuable(3).By citing the exam
38、ple of the greeting card companies, the author shows that _.（分数：2.00）A.an infant industry is more competitiveB.greeting card industry steadily declinedC.wrong assumption hinders inventivenessD.the competition was fierce in any industry(4).It is implied in the text that Einstein“s Theory of Relativit
39、y is_.（分数：2.00）A.as valid as the earlier judgment about airplanesB.as important as the discovery of the New WorldC.a barrier to scientific investigation and progressD.valid at present and may not be so in the future(5).By citing what Edison said, the author intends to show that failure_.（分数：2.00）A.i
40、s an unavoidable barrier to creativityB.is the surest stepping stone to successC.derives from the “right answer“ syndromeD.inevitably leads to discovery and progressPeople who are depressed are literally siek at heart: they have a significantly increased risk for cardiovascular disease, and no one k
41、nows exactly why. Now three new studies have tried to explain this, and they arrive at subtly different conclusions. The first, led hy Dr. Mary A. Whooley, studied 1,017 patients with coronary artery disease for an average of more than four years. Although the study found an association of depressio
42、n with heart disease, when researchers statistically corrected for other medical conditions, disease severity and physical inactivity, the association disappeared. They concluded with a relatively straightforward explanation: depression leads to physical inactivity, and lack of exercise increases th
43、e risk for heart disease. A second study provides a different perspective. It included more than 6,500 healthy men and women with an average age of 51. Researchers tested them for depressive symptoms and followed them for an average of more than seven years. This study, too, found that hehavioral is
44、sues like smoking and inactivity were the strongest factors in the increased risk for heart disease among people who are depressed or anxious, accounting for 65 percent of the difference in risk. But they also found that depressed people had higher rates of hypertension and higher levels of C-reacti
45、ve protein, and that these two physiological factors together accounted for ahout 19 percent of the increased risk. Mark Harrier was the lead author. While these two studies suggest that the mechanism by which depression exerts its effect is mostly or entirely through poor health behaviors, a third
46、study found that something else might be even more important. This paper, whose senior author was Dr. Brenda Penninx, studied 2,088 well-functioning adults ages 70 to 79. It found no difference in physical activity between those who were depressed and those who were not. But it did find that depress
47、ive symptoms were associated with an increase in visceral fat accumulationthe pot belly that is a known risk factor for cardiovascular illness. This suggests that there is a biological mechanism that links depression with physiological changes independent of how much a person exercises. To further c
48、omplicate matters, Dr. Penninx suggested that her physically healthy subjects might have a different kind of depression. “There is now quite a lot of evidence that among heart attack patients, the physical symptoms of depression are more prevalent,“ she said, “which suggests that their depression is
49、 different from that seen in an otherwise healthy sample. “ For now, Dr. Hamer offered what might be the last word on the complicated relationship between depression and heart disease. “It“s really quite difficult to understand,“ he said.（分数：10.00）(1).The author asserts that（分数：2.00）A.the risk for heart disease is definitely increasingB.there
