1、考研英语（阅读）-试卷 102 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D.（分数：10.00）_Our life, from the very beginning, to our destiny,
2、has already been fated. We are all given a spiritual soul in our mother“s womb and a physical body to experience the journey to our destiny. Our fate is controlled by our parents until we are of age to exert upon our own journey in life. Coincidences are controlled by fate, in a sense, that we never
3、 know what is going to really happen in our future. The path to our destiny is fated by quite a few coincidences to guide us in the right direction. Sometimes we miss the cues by not paying enough attention to the signs. As we are learning from our mistakes, we may briefly start down the wrong path
4、sometimes due to free will and wrong choices we make. This does not mean we won“t find our way back to our destined path, because life coincidences will align you once again by corresponding with what is fated for you eventually. We may never know the timing of these events, or actually what is in s
5、tore for us, but we can be sure of whatever our fate is to be, coincidences will keep us accountable and humble our resistance without us even knowing sometimes. A combination of coincidence and fate is insight into an unknown realm. We can“ t predict when something is going to happen to us, but lit
6、tle coincidences may lead you to clues about yourself to prevent any more harm to you or your body. A freak minor accident at work takes you to the emergency room, they find something else wrong with you that with corrective medication, it“ s treatable. Is this coincidence It would seem like it, wou
7、ld it? This combination of coincidence and fate can be described as you don“t know what your fate would have been if you hadn“t had the accident and gone to the hospital. What a coincidence! Things do happen to us for a reason! We don“t always understand why some things seem bad, or some things turn
8、 out for the good, but they are fated to be the way they are. If we can be patient, maintain grace through our hardships, loss, and difficulties, our journey to our destination will be rewarded. It“s extraordinary that a mere coincidence can change the course of our lives by a fated chance or opport
9、unity. Subtle forces are always guiding us to our true destiny. Pay close attention.（分数：10.00）(1).The word “destiny“ used in paragraph 1 refers to_.（分数：2.00）A.a sequence of inevitable minor eventsB.the path one chooses throughout his lifeC.the moment when one“s number comes upD.the flowering of a ro
10、mance between lovers(2).We learn from paragraph 2 that_.（分数：2.00）A.fate is only the result of one“s actions in lifeB.the path throughout one“s life is predeterminedC.everyone makes choices free from constraintsD.many coincidences spontaneously occur in life(3).The author argues that coincidences_.（分
11、数：2.00）A.are immune to our free will and the choices we makeB.are events which will definitely occur sooner or laterC.usually happen to us simultaneously and unexpectedlyD.guide us in the right direction and keep us in destined path(4).By citing “a freak minor accident at work“, the author intends t
12、o show that coincidences_.（分数：2.00）A.are related to one“s fateB.and fate are inseparableC.lead to a series of eventsD.prevent more harm on you(5).The author advises us to pay attention to_.（分数：2.00）A.any random accidentB.any unexpected eventC.the impact of fate on usD.minor coincidences in lifeTwo n
13、uclear missile submarinesone British, one Frencharmed with a likely total of well more than 100 thermonuclear warheads collided under the Atlantic Ocean earlier this month. It“s a terrifying reminder of how many of these hugely destructive weapons are still routinely deployed and how little thought
14、is given to keeping them as safe and secure as possible. Two decades after the end of the cold war, all of the nuclear powers have been inexcusably negligent about rethinking nuclear strategies, sharply reducing arsenals and eliminating needlessly risky practices, including some that contributed to
15、this month“s collision. Fortunately, the damage to the submarines was minor, and the warheads were not compromised. British and French missiles, like those of the United States, are protected against accidental launch or detonation of their warheads. But a stronger impact could have sent both subs a
16、nd their crews to the bottom and possibly dispersed plutonium into surrounding waters. The warheads on the two submarines that collided could, if ever launched, kill millions of people. And Britain and France together have far fewer than 1, 000 nuclear warheads in their arsenals. The United States a
17、nd Russia still have more than 20,000. President Obama must move quickly to revive arms negotiations with the Russianscommitting to deep reductions both in deployed weapons and the many thousands more in storage. He must then bring the British, French and Chinese into the talks. The most important m
18、issiles to retain in any shrinking arsenal would be those based on submarines. Because they are quiet and constantly moving, they are essentially invulnerable to pre-emptive attack; there is less pressure to use them or lose them. That advantage is also at the root of this month“s accident. The four
19、 nuclear navies operating in the AtlanticAmerican, British, French and Russianrefuse to disclose any information about which parts of the ocean their missile submarines operate in. Such accidents are rare. But they can and should be made rarer. That can be done without compromising security. As long
20、 as we depend on nuclear weapons for our security, we will have to live with uncomfortable risks. Governments must keep those risks to an absolute minimum by eliminating thousands of weapons that no longer have any military justification and insisting on the highest possible safety standards.（分数：10.
21、00）(1).The collision of two submarines reminds us of_.（分数：2.00）A.the necessity to keep destructive weapons safe and secureB.the likelihood of more collisions under the Atlantic OceanC.the huge number of nuclear weapons deployed near EuropeD.the negligence of superpowers about thermonuclear weapons(2
22、).By saying the warheads were not compromised, the author means that they were not_.（分数：2.00）A.exposedB.impairedC.disturbedD.detonated(3).The collision of two nuclear missile submarines was most probably caused by_.（分数：2.00）A.the adherence to the outdated nuclear strategiesB.the routine deployment o
23、f destructive weaponsC.accidental lunch or detonation of nuclear warheadsD.unnecessarily perilous operations of nuclear powers(4).Submarine nuclear missiles are the most important to retain because they are_.（分数：2.00）A.noiseless and continually moving under oceansB.free from the strong pressure of b
24、eing destroyedC.routinely deployed by Britain, France, and the U.S.D.virtually incapable of being detected and destroyed(5).The author maintains that we must _.（分数：2.00）A.eliminate all the nuclear weapons thoroughlyB.justify the retention of some nuclear weaponsC.minimize the risks posed by nuclear
25、weaponsD.come to terms with the insecurity of the worldFriends of the Earth International(FOE)has just issued its report Nature-. Poor People“s Wealth in conjunction with the G8 Summit of rich nations at Gleneagles in Scotland. The FOE report aims to highlight the importance of natural resources in
26、poverty eradication. “Poverty is the greatest shame and scandal of our era,“ according to FOE. All too predictably, a good bit of the report consists of a tiresome standard-issue anti-globalization screed against “neoliberal“ economic policies and evil “transnational corporations“. FOE notes that po
27、licy debates over how to alleviate poverty “tend to emphasize the monetary aspect of poverty, whereas many other factors including access to and control over natural resources and land, employment, health, nutrition, education, access to services, conflict, political power and social inclusionalso p
28、lay crucial roles“. In many of the instances cited by FOE where poor people and natural resources are being misused or abused, there are no clear property rights. In some cases, the governments simply assert ownership and ride roughshod over the desires of the local people who were under the impress
29、ion that the land was theirs. In others, corrupt national governments collude with powerful interests to seize poor peoples“ lands and resources. Amusingly, while the FOE report insists on all kinds of rights for the world“s poor, including environmental, human, political, collective, legal, and wom
30、en“s rights, there is in the report not a single mention of the word “property“, as in “property rights“. While FOE is to be commended for its support for restoring stolen land to poor people around the globe, it just cannot bring itself to permit individual poor people to own land. Consequently, mo
31、st of the “sustainable development“ schemes endorsed by FOE involve collective ownership of land and natural resources.(By collective ownership, FOE most emphatically does not mean corporate ownership.)Collective ownership by a defined group is better than government theft, but it limits the options
32、 of the joint owners who are subject to the tyranny of generally conservative majorities who stifle entrepreneurship. Evidently, FOE would prefer that poor people sit around voting all day rather than getting rich. Friends of the Earth would do well to read the work of Peruvian economist Hernando de
33、 Soto, who has minutely detailed how the lack of property rights throughout the developing world keeps billions poor. Without clear title to their land, houses, stores, and so forth, the poor cannot sell their assets or borrow against them. Since their “properties“ are subject to seizure at the whim
34、 of a government bureaucrat, the poor are understandably reluctant to invest in improving them. Thus they remain poor. The poor benefit from secure private property rights even more than the rich do.（分数：10.00）(1).What FOE report concerns most is _.（分数：2.00）A.the considerable alleviation of povertyB.
35、the better utilization of natural resourcesC.the money-making value of natural resourcesD.the thorough cooperation with eight rich nations(2).FOE challenges _in poverty eradication.（分数：2.00）A.the monetary aspect of povertyB.neoliberal economic policiesC.political power and social statusD.the possess
36、ion of natural resources(3).By introducing the cases cited by FOE, the author intends to show that poor people_.（分数：2.00）A.live in abject povertyB.sit around voting all dayC.reject collective ownershipD.have no clear property rights(4).The author takes a_ attitude toward the FOE report.（分数：2.00）A.ne
37、utralB.prudentC.criticalD.detached(5).The author believes that the poverty in the developing world results from_.（分数：2.00）A.the grant of secure property rightsB.the deprivation of private property rightsC.the seizure of properties by the governmentD.people“s reluctance to improve their propertiesAt
38、around 1. 65 million years ago, another early human, Homo ergaster, started to create tools in a slightly different fashion. This so-called Acheulean tradition was the tool-making technology used for nearly the entire Stone Age, and practiced until 100,000 years ago. Acheulean tools, such as hand ax
39、es and cleavers, were larger and more sophisticated than their predecessors“. They may have been status symbols as well as tools. Homo ergaster first appeared in Africa around 2 million years ago, and in many ways resembled us. Though they had brow ridges, they had lost the stoop and long arms of th
40、eir ancestors. They may have been even more slender than us and were probably well-adapted to running long distances. Some experts believe that they were the first to sport largely hairless bodies, and to sweat, though another theory puts our hairlessness down to an aquatic phase. One famous example
41、 of a more modern looking early human is the Turkana boy, a teenager when he died, 1. 6 million years ago in Kenya. The shape of this fossil showed that the human pelvis had reached today“s narrow proportions. Combined with the growing size of the human head and brain, this had far-reaching implicat
42、ions; human women now need help for a successful birth; and human babies are born earlier, and need a longer period of childhood care, than those of apes. Meat-eating, however, may have allowed us to become early weaners. H. ergaster may have been the first early human to leave Africa. Bones dated t
43、o around 1. 75 million years ago have been found in Dmanisi in Georgia. Shortly afterwards, Homo erectus appearedthe first early human whose fossils have been seen in large numbers outside of Africa. The first specimen discovered, a single cranium, was unearthed in Indonesia in 1891. H. erectus was
44、highly successful, spreading to much of Asia between 1. 8 and 1. 5 million years ago, and surviving as recently as 27,000 years ago. This species, with a brain volume of around 1000 cm 3 would have interacted with modern humans. They may have been the first people to take to the seas and habitually
45、hunt prey such as mammoths and wild horses, although there is some debate about this. They may also have harnessed the use of fire and built the first shelters. In 2004, the remains of a tiny and mysterious human species, that may have lived as recently as 13,000 years ago, was discovered on an Indo
46、nesian island. More bones of the “hobbit“, or Homo floresiensis, were uncovered in 2005. Some studies suggest it had an advanced brain and was unequivocally a separate speciesbut others argue that these people were modern humans suffering from a genetic disorder.（分数：10.00）(1).Homo ergaster was chara
47、cterized by_.（分数：2.00）A.its status symbolsB.its hand axes and cleaversC.its tool-making technologyD.its so-called Acheulean tradition(2).Homo ergaster resembled us in many ways, for example, they_.（分数：2.00）A.were largely hairlessB.had lived in an aquatic phaseC.had long arms of their ancestorsD.were
48、 well-adapted to running long distances(3).Help is needed for a woman to bear a baby mainly because_.（分数：2.00）A.human babies are largerB.human pelvis is narrowerC.human babies are born earlierD.childhood care is much longer(4).Homo erectus may have been_.（分数：2.00）A.the earliest people leaving Africa
49、B.the earliest species living in IndonesiaC.the earliest humans to hunt prey habituallyD.the earliest interacting with modern humans(5).This text is mainly about_.（分数：2.00）A.the interaction of early humansB.an early human, Homo ergasterC.the development of modern humansD.several early humans in human evolution考研
