1、考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 6及答案解析(总分：42.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：42.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese._人类性格与行为形成的原因及影响 1990 年英译汉及详解 People have wondered for a long time how th
2、eir personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions.【F1】 They want to explain why we possess ce
3、rtain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature vs. nurture“
4、. 【F2】 Those who support the “nature“ side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. 【F3】 That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to
5、an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the “nurture“ theory, that is, they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more impor
6、tant than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.【F4】 The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of
7、their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic, intelligence, offered by the two theories.【F5】 Supporters of the “nature“ theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say: They don“t believe
8、 that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences.【F6】 Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are man
9、y stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound.【F7】 In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads s
10、ome “nature“ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites.【F8】 Behaviorists, in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think nei
11、ther of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior.（分数：16.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_(6).【F6】（分数：2.00）_(7).【F7】（分数：2.00）_(8).【F8】（分数：2.00）_技术发展给社会带来的弊端 1989 年英译汉及详解 When Jane Matheson started work at Advanced Electronics Inc.
12、 12 years ago,【F1】 she laboured over a microscope, hand-welding tiny electronic computers and turned out 18 per hour. Now she tends the computerized machinery that turns out high capacity memory chips at the rate of 2, 600 per hour. Production is up, profits are up, her income is up and Mrs. Matheso
13、n says the work is far less strain on her eyes. But the most significant effect of the changes at AEI was felt by the workers who are no longer there. Before the new computerized equipment was introduced, there were 940 workers at the plant. Now there are 121.【F2】 A plant follow-up survey showed tha
14、t one year after the layoffs only 38% of the released workers found new employment at the same or better wages. Nearly half finally settled for lower pay and more than 13% are still out of work. The AEI example is only one of hundreds around the country which forge intelligently ahead into the lates
15、t technology, but leave the majority of their workers behind. 【F3】 Its beginnings obscured by unemployment caused by the world economic slow-down, the new technological unemployment may emerge as the great socio-economic challenge of the end of the 20th century. One corporation economist says the gr
16、owth of “machine job replacement“ has been with us since the beginning of the industrial revolution, but never at the pace it is now. The human costs will be astonishing.【F4】 “It“s humiliating to be done out of your job by a machine and there is no way to fight back, but it is the effort to find a n
17、ew job that really hurts.“ Some workers, like Jane Matheson, are retrained to handle the new equipment, but often a whole new set of skills is required and that means a new, and invariably smaller set of workers.【F5】 The old workers, trapped by their limited skills, often never regain their old stat
18、us and employment. Many drift into marginal areas. They feel no pride in their new work. They get badly paid for it and they feel miserable, but still they are luckier than those who never find it. 【F6】 The social costs go far beyond the welfare and unemployment payments made by the government. Unem
19、ployment increases the chances of divorce, child abuse, and alcoholism, a new federal survey shows. Some experts say the problem is only temporary. that new technology will eventually create as many jobs as it destroys.【F7】 But futurologist Hymen Seymour says the astonishing efficiency of the new te
20、chnology means there will be a simple and direct net reduction in the amount of human labor that needs to be done. “We should treat this as an opportunity to give people more leisure. It may not be easy, but society will have to reach a new unanimity on the division and distribution of labor,“ Seymo
21、ur says. He predicts most people will work only six-hour days and four-day weeks by the end of the century. But the concern of the unem ployed is for now.【F8】 Federally funded training and free back-to-school programs for laid-off workers are under way, but few experts believe they will be able to k
22、eep up with the pace of the new technology. For the next few years, for a substantial portion of the workforce, times are going to be very tough indeed.（分数：16.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_(6).【F6】（分数：2.00）_(7).【F7】（分数：2.00）_(8).【F8】（分数：
23、2.00）_贝多芬与勇气 2014 年英译汉及详解 Music means different things to different people and sometimes even different things to the same person at different moments of his life. It might be poetic, philosophical, sensual, or mathematical, but in any case it must, in my view, have something to do with the soul of
24、the human being. Hence it is metaphysical; but the means of expression is purely and exclusively physical: sound. I believe it is precisely this permanent coexistence of metaphysical message through physical means that is the strength of music.【F1】 It is also the reason why when we try to describe m
25、usic with words, all we can do is articulate our reactions to it, and not grasp music itself. Beethoven“s importance in music has been principally defined by the revolutionary nature of his compositions. He freed music from hitherto prevailing conventions of harmony and structure. Sometimes I feel i
26、n his late works a will to break all signs of continuity. The music is abrupt and seemingly disconnected, as in the last piano sonata. In musical expression, he did not feel restrained by the weight of convention.【F2】 By all accounts he was a freethinking person, and a courageous one, and I find cou
27、rage an essential quality for the understanding, let alone the performance, of his works. This courageous attitude in fact becomes a requirement for the performers of Beethoven“ s music. His compositions demand the performer to show courage, for example in the use of dynamics.【F3】 Beethoven“s habit
28、of increasing the volume with an extreme intensity and then abruptly following it with a sudden soft passage was only rarely used by composers before him. Beethoven was a deeply political man in the broadest sense of the word. He was not interested in daily politics, but concerned with questions of
29、moral behavior and the larger questions of right and wrong affecting the entire society.【F4】 Especially significant was his view of freedom, which, for him, was associated with the rights and responsibilities of the individual: he advocated freedom of thought and of personal expression. Beethoven“s
30、music tends to move from chaos to order as if order were an imperative of human existence. For him, order does not result from forgetting or ignoring the disorders that plague our existence; order is a necessary development, an improvement that may lead to the Greek ideal of spiritual elevation. It
31、is not by chance that the Funeral March is not the last movement of the Eroica Symphony, but the second, so that suffering does not have the last word.【F5】 One could interpret much of the work of Beethoven by saying that suffering; is inevitable, but the courage to fight it renders life worth living
32、.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_考研英语（翻译）历年真题试卷汇编 6答案解析(总分：42.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：5，分数：42.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension_解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the und
33、erlined segments into Chinese._解析：人类性格与行为形成的原因及影响 1990 年英译汉及详解 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists ar
34、e, of course, extremely interested in these types of questions.【F1】 They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet, but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are
35、 very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as “nature vs. nurture“. 【F2】 Those who support the “nature“ side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. 【F3】 That our environment has little
36、, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory maintains that our behavior is pre-determined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the “nurture“ theory, that
37、 is, they advocate education, are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings.【F
38、4】 The behaviorists maintain that, like machines, humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic, intelligence, offered by the two theories.【F5】 Supporters of the “nature“ theory insist that we are born
39、 with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say: They don“t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand, behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of ou
40、r experiences.【F6】 Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound.【
41、F7】 In the United States, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature“ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites.【F8】 Behaviorists, in contrast, say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often depri
42、ved of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior.（分数：16.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：他们想要说明，为什么我们具有某些性格特征和表现出某些行为。)解析：解析：本句考查的重点是：宾语从句。 explain 后是 why引导的宾语从句，从句中的主语是 we，谓语分别是 possess和 exhibit，由连词 and连接。其中 possess“拥有”characteristics“特征”在这里指性格特征。(2).【F2】（分数：2.
