1、考研英语（翻译）-试卷 8及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_Vinton Cerf, known as the father of the Internet, said on
2、 Wednesday that the Web was outgrowing the planet Earth and the time had come to take the information superhighway to outer space. “The Internet is growing quickly, and we still have a lot of work to do to cover the planet.“ Cerf told the first day of the annual conference of Internet Society in Gen
3、eva where more than 1 500 cyberspace fans have gathered to seek answers to questions about the tangled web of the Internet. 【F1】 Cerf believed that it would soon be possible to send real-time science data on the Internet from a space mission orbiting another planet such as Mars. “There is now an eff
4、ort under way to design and build an interplanetary Internet. The space research community is coming closer and closer and merging. We think that we will see interplanetary Internet networks that look very much like the ones we use today.【F2】 We will need interplanetary gateways and there will be pr
5、otocols to transmit data between these gateways.“ Cerf said. Francois Fluckiger, a scientist attending the conference from the European Particle Physics Laboratory near Geneva, was not entirely convinced, saying: “We need dreams like this. But I don“t know any Martian whom I“d like to communicate wi
6、th through the Internet.“ Cerf has been working with NASA“s Pasadena Jet Propulsion Laboratorythe people behind the recent Mars expeditionto design what he calls an “interplanetary Internet protocol“.【F3】 He believes that astronauts will want to use the Internet, although special problems remain wit
7、h interference and delay. “This is quite real. The effort is becoming extraordinarily concrete over the next few months because the next Mars mission is in planning stages now,“ Cerf told the conference, “If we use domain names like Earth or Mars . jet propulsion laboratory people would be coming to
8、gether with people from the Internet community.“ He added, “【F4】 The idea is to take the interplanetary Internet design and make it a part of the infrastructure of the Mars mission.“ He later told a news conference that designing this system now would prepare mankind for future technological advance
9、s. “The whole idea is to create an architecture so the design works anywhere. I don“t know where we“re going to have to put it but my guess is that we“ll be going out there some time,“ Cerf said, “【F5】 If you think 100 years from now, it is entirely possible that what will be purely research 50 year
10、s from now will become commercial 100 years from now. The Internet was the sameit started as pure research but now it is commercialized.“（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_【F1】 For more than two decades, U.S. courts have been limiting
11、affirmative-action programs in universities and other areas. The legal rationale is that racial preferences are unconstitutional, even those intended to compensate for racism or intolerance. For many colleges, this means students can be admitted only on merit, not on their race or ethnicity. It has
12、been a divisive issue across the U.S., as educators blame the prolonged reaction to affirmative-action for declines in minority admissions. Meanwhile, activists continue to battle race preferences in courts from Michigan to North Carolina. 【F2】 Now, chief executives of about two dozen companies have
13、 decided to plunge headfirst into this politically unsettled debate. They, together with 36 universities and 7 nonprofitable organizations, formed a forum that set forth an action plan essentially designed to help colleges circumvent court-imposed restrictions on affirmative action. The CEOs“ motive
14、: “Our audience is growing more diverse, so the communities we serve benefit if our employees are racially and ethnically diverse as well“, says one CEO of a company that owns nine television stations. Among the steps the forum is pushing: finding creative yet legal ways to boost minority enrollment
15、 through new admissions policies; promoting admissions decisions that look at more than test scores; and encouraging universities to step up their minority outreach and financial aid.【F3】 And to counter accusations by critics to challenge these tactics in court, the group says it will give legal ass
16、istance to colleges sued for trying them.“ Diversity diminished by the court must be made up for in other legitimate, legal ways,“ says a forum member. One of the more controversial methods advocated is the so-called 10% rule.【F4】 The idea is for public universitieswhich educate three-quarters of al
17、l U.S. undergraduatesto admit students who are in the top 10% of their high school graduating class. 【F5】 Doing so allows colleges to take minorities who excel in average urban schools, even if they wouldn“ t have made the cut under the current statewide ranking many universities use.（分数：10.00）(1).【
18、F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_【F1】 One meaning of the Greek word “dran“ is to accomplish, and in this meaning lies a further key to the structure of drama. A play concerns a human agent attempting to accomplish some purpose. In tragedy his attem
19、pt is, in personal terms at least, unsuccessful; in comedy it is successful; in the problem play final accomplishment is often either ambiguous or doubtful. 【F2】 This action, from the beginning to the end of a movement toward a purposed goal, must also have a middle; it must proceed through a number
20、 of steps, the succession of incidents which make up the plot. Because the dramatist is concerned with the meaning and logic of events rather than with their casual relationship in time, he will probably select his material and order it on a basis of the operation, in human affairs, of laws of cause
21、 and effect. It is in this causal relationship of incidents that the element of conflict, present in virtually all plays, appears. The central figure of the playthe protagonistencounters difficulties; his purpose or purposes conflict with events or circumstances, with purposes of other characters in
22、 the play, or with cross-purposes which exist within his own thoughts and desires. These difficulties threaten the protagonist“s accomplishment.【F3】 In other words, they present complications, and his success or failure in dealing with these complications determines the outcome. 【F4】 Normally, compl
23、ications build through the play in order of increasing difficulty: one complication may be added to another, or one may grow out of the solution of a preceding one. At some point in this chain of complication and solution, achieved or attempted, the protagonist performs an act or makes a decision wh
24、ich irrevocably commits him to a further course, points toward certain general consequences.【F5】 This point is usually called the crisis; the complications and solutions which follow work out the logical steps from crisis to final resolution, or denouement.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.0
25、0）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_Americans today don“t place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars.【F1】 Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical educationnot to pursue knowledge for the
26、 sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren“t difficult to find. “Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,“ says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.“ Ravitch“s latest book, Left B
27、ack: A Century of Failed School Reforms, traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits. But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable
28、 to exploitation and control.【F2】 Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. “Continuing along this path,“ says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civi
29、l society.“ “Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,“ writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-Intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our histo
30、ry, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism.【F3】 Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book. Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalis
31、t philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children, “【F4】 We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.“ Mark Twain“s Huckleberry Finn exemplified American
32、 anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilizedgoing to school and learning to readso he can preserve his innate goodness. Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of
33、 the mind.【F5】 Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes and imagines. School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country“ s educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfull
34、y and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.“（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_考研英语（翻译）-试卷 8答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehens
35、io(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_解析：Vinton Cerf, known as the father of the Internet, said on Wednesday that the Web was outgrowing the planet Ear
36、th and the time had come to take the information superhighway to outer space. “The Internet is growing quickly, and we still have a lot of work to do to cover the planet.“ Cerf told the first day of the annual conference of Internet Society in Geneva where more than 1 500 cyberspace fans have gather
37、ed to seek answers to questions about the tangled web of the Internet. 【F1】 Cerf believed that it would soon be possible to send real-time science data on the Internet from a space mission orbiting another planet such as Mars. “There is now an effort under way to design and build an interplanetary I
38、nternet. The space research community is coming closer and closer and merging. We think that we will see interplanetary Internet networks that look very much like the ones we use today.【F2】 We will need interplanetary gateways and there will be protocols to transmit data between these gateways.“ Cer
39、f said. Francois Fluckiger, a scientist attending the conference from the European Particle Physics Laboratory near Geneva, was not entirely convinced, saying: “We need dreams like this. But I don“t know any Martian whom I“d like to communicate with through the Internet.“ Cerf has been working with
40、NASA“s Pasadena Jet Propulsion Laboratorythe people behind the recent Mars expeditionto design what he calls an “interplanetary Internet protocol“.【F3】 He believes that astronauts will want to use the Internet, although special problems remain with interference and delay. “This is quite real. The ef
41、fort is becoming extraordinarily concrete over the next few months because the next Mars mission is in planning stages now,“ Cerf told the conference, “If we use domain names like Earth or Mars . jet propulsion laboratory people would be coming together with people from the Internet community.“ He a
42、dded, “【F4】 The idea is to take the interplanetary Internet design and make it a part of the infrastructure of the Mars mission.“ He later told a news conference that designing this system now would prepare mankind for future technological advances. “The whole idea is to create an architecture so the design works anywhere. I don“t know where we“re going to have to put it but my guess is that we“ll be going out there some time,“ Cerf said, “【F5】 If you think 100 years from now, it is entirely possible that what will be purely research 50 years fro
