1、考研英语（翻译）-试卷 60 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_【F1】 Breathing particulate-laden(aka smoggy)air may be
2、hardening your arteries faster than normal, according to research published today in PLOS Medicine. While everyones arteries harden gradually with age, a team of researchers led by epidemiologist Sara Adar of the University of Michigan School of Public Health discovered that higher concentrations of
3、 fine particulate air pollution were linked to a faster thickening of the inner two layers of the carotid artery.【F2】 Because the carotid artery feeds blood to the neck, head, and brain, a narrowing or blockage there can trigger strokes. And general atherosclerosis, or hardening of the arteries, is
4、a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, heart attack, and heart failure. 【F3】 Past research has demonstrated that the rates of stroke and heart attack are higher in polluted areas, but experts havent been able to pinpoint just how polluted air is raising peoples risk for heart attack or stro
5、ke. This time, Adars team, along with Joel Kaufman, professor of environmental and occupational health sciences and medicine at the University of Washington, was able to directly measure carotid artery thickness and link it to air pollution data. The study involved 5, 362 people between the ages of
6、45 and 84 living in six different cities that are part of the MESA AIR(Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution)research project, led by Joel Kaufman. Each participant underwent two carotid artery ultrasounds three years apart. These measurements were then correlated with data on fine
7、 particulate air pollution.【F4】 While the artery walls of all participants increased by 14 micrometers per year, the arteries of those who were exposed to higher levels of fine particulate air pollution in their homes thickened faster than their neighbors in other parts of the city. 【F5】 Interesting
8、ly, the researchers also found the reverse effect to be true: reducing fine particulate air pollution levels slowed down atherosclerosis progression. Carotid artery measurements are considered by experts to be an indicator for arterial plaque and hardening throughout the body.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2
9、.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_【F1】 Japan said Tuesday it had successfully extracted methane hydrate, known as “fire ice“, from its seabed, possibly unlocking many years worth of gas for the resource-starved country. In what they are claiming as a world
10、first, a consortium is drilling for the hydrate, a fossil fuel that looks like ice but consists of very densely-packed methane surrounded by water molecules, one kilometre(3, 300 feet)below sea level.【F2】 The solid white substance burns with a pale flame, leaving nothing but water. One of it is esti
11、mated to contain many times the equivalent volume of methane in gas form. The consortium, led by Japan Oil, Gas and Metals National Corporation, began initial work in February last year and on Tuesday started a two-week experimental production, an economy, trade and industry ministry official said.
12、“It is the worlds first offshore experiment producing gas from methane hydrate,“ the official said, adding that the team successfully collected methane gas extracted from the half-frozen substance.【F3】 Under the government-led project, the consortium is to separate methanethe primary component of na
13、tural gasfrom the solid clathrate compound under the seabed using the high pressures available at depth, officials said. A huge layer of methane hydrate containing 1.1 trillion cubic metres(38.5 trillion cubic feet)in natural gasequivalent to Japans consumption of the gas for 11 yearsis believed to
14、lie in the ocean floor off the coast of Shikoku island, western Japan, the officials said. 【F4】 “We aim to establish methane hydrate production technologies for practical use by the fiscal 2018 year ending March 2019.“ a consortium official said. “We want to consolidate technologies for its commerci
15、alisation,“ economy, trade and industry minister Toshimitsu Motegi also told a news conference, according to Jiji Press. “I hope we can make use of resources surrounding our country as soon as possible by clearing hurdles one by one,“ he added. 【F5】 The move comes as resource-poor Japan has struck o
16、ut in search of new energy supplies after it shut down its stable of nuclear reactors in the wake of 2011 s tsunami-sparked nuclear crisis.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_This line of inquiry did not begin until earlier this monthmo
17、re than three months after the accidentbecause there were “too many emotions, too many egos,“ said retired Adm. Harold Gehman, chairman of the Columbia Accident Investigation Board. Testifying before the Senate Commerce Committee, Gehman said this part of his inquiry was in its earliest stages, star
18、ting just 10 days ago. But Gehman said he already has concluded it is “inconceivable“ that NASA would have been unable or unwilling to attempt a rescue for astronauts in orbit if senior shuttle managers and administrators had known there was fatal damage to Columbias left wing.【F1】 Gehman told repor
19、ters after the hearing that answers to these important questions could have enormous impact, since they could place in a different context NASAs decisions against more aggressively checking possible wing damage in the days before Columbias fatal return. Investigators believe breakaway insulating foa
20、m damaged part of Columbia s wing shortly after lift off, allowing superheated air to penetrate the wing during its fiery re-entry on Feb.l, melt it from inside.【F2】 Among those decisions was the choice by NASAs senior shuttle managers and administrators to reject offers of satellite images of possi
21、ble damage to Columbias left wing before the accident. The subject dominated the early part of Wednesday s hearing. Gehman complained managers and administrators “missed signals “when they rejected those offers for images, a pointedly harsh assessment of the space agencys inaction during the 16-day
22、shuttle mission.【F3】 “We will attempt to pin this issue down in our report, but there were a number of bureaucratic and administrative missed signals here,“ Gehman told senators. “Were not quite so happy with the process.“ 【F4】 The investigative board already had recommended that NASA push for bette
23、r coordination between the space agency and military offices in charge of satellites and telescopes. The U.S. National Imagery and Mapping Agency in March agreed to regularly capture detailed satellite images of space shuttles in orbit.【F5】 Still, Gehman said it was unclear whether even images from
24、Americas most sophisticated spy satellites might have detected on Columbias wing any damage, which Gehman said could have been as small as two inches square. The precise capabilities of such satellites proved to be a sensitive topic during the Senate hearing.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2
25、.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_Scientists are supposed to change their minds. 【F1】 Having adopted their views on scientific questions based on an objective evaluation of empirical evidence, they are expected to willingly, even eagerly, abandon cherished beliefs when new e
26、vidence undercuts them. So it is remarkable that so few of the essays in a new book in which scientists answer the question in the title, “What Have You Changed Your Mind About?“ express anything like this ideal. Many of the changes of mind are just changes of opinion or an evolution of values. One
27、contributor, a past supporter of manned spaceflight, now thinks its pointless, while another no longer has moral objections to cognitive enhancement through drugs. Other changes of mind have to do with busted predictions, such as that computer intelligence would soon rival humans. 【F2】 Rare, however
28、, are changes of mind by scientists identified with either side of a controversial issue. There is no one who rose to fame arguing that a disease is caused by sticky brain plaques and who has now been convinced by evidence that the plaques are mostly innocent bystanders, not culprits. But really, we
29、 shouldn t be surprised.【F3】 Supporters of a particular viewpoint especially if their reputation is based on the accuracy of that viewpoint, cling to it like a shipwrecked man to floats. Studies that undermine that position, they say, are fatally flawed. In truth, no study is perfect, so it would be
30、 crazy to abandon an elegant, well-supported theory because one new finding undercuts it. 【F4】 But its fascinating how scientists with an intellectual stake in a particular side of a debate tend to see flaws in studies that undercut their dearly held views, and to interpret and even ignore “facts“ t
31、o fit their views. No wonder the historian Thomas Kuhn concluded almost 50 years ago that a scientific paradigm falls down only when the last of its powerful adherents dies. The few essays in which scientists do admit they were wrongand about something central to their reputationtherefore stand out.
32、【F5】 Physicist Marcelo Gleiser of Dartmouth breaks ranks with almost every physicist since Einstein, and with his Own younger self, in now doubting that the laws of nature can be unified in a single elegant formulation. Gleiser has written dozens of papers proposing routes to the unification of grav
33、ity and quantum mechanics through everything from superstrings to extra dimensions, but now concedes that “all attempts so far have failed.“ Unification may be esthetically appealing, but its not how nature works.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【
34、F5】（分数：2.00）_考研英语（翻译）-试卷 60 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_解析：【F1】 Breathing particulate-laden(aka
35、smoggy)air may be hardening your arteries faster than normal, according to research published today in PLOS Medicine. While everyones arteries harden gradually with age, a team of researchers led by epidemiologist Sara Adar of the University of Michigan School of Public Health discovered that higher
36、 concentrations of fine particulate air pollution were linked to a faster thickening of the inner two layers of the carotid artery.【F2】 Because the carotid artery feeds blood to the neck, head, and brain, a narrowing or blockage there can trigger strokes. And general atherosclerosis, or hardening of
37、 the arteries, is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, heart attack, and heart failure. 【F3】 Past research has demonstrated that the rates of stroke and heart attack are higher in polluted areas, but experts havent been able to pinpoint just how polluted air is raising peoples risk for he
38、art attack or stroke. This time, Adars team, along with Joel Kaufman, professor of environmental and occupational health sciences and medicine at the University of Washington, was able to directly measure carotid artery thickness and link it to air pollution data. The study involved 5, 362 people be
39、tween the ages of 45 and 84 living in six different cities that are part of the MESA AIR(Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis and Air Pollution)research project, led by Joel Kaufman. Each participant underwent two carotid artery ultrasounds three years apart. These measurements were then correlated
40、 with data on fine particulate air pollution.【F4】 While the artery walls of all participants increased by 14 micrometers per year, the arteries of those who were exposed to higher levels of fine particulate air pollution in their homes thickened faster than their neighbors in other parts of the city
41、. 【F5】 Interestingly, the researchers also found the reverse effect to be true: reducing fine particulate air pollution levels slowed down atherosclerosis progression. Carotid artery measurements are considered by experts to be an indicator for arterial plaque and hardening throughout the body.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：根据今日发表在公共科学图书馆医学杂志上的研究，呼吸含大量颗粒物的(雾霾)空气可能会让你的动脉硬化速度加快。)解析：(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：由于颈动脉要向颈部、头部和大脑供血，颈动脉变窄或堵塞可能会引发中风。通常动脉硬化是冠心病、心脏病发作和心力衰竭的主要风险因素。)解析：(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：以往的研究已经表明，在受污染地区中风和心脏病发作的几率更高，但专家还未能查明空气污染
