1、考研英语（翻译）-试卷 55及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_【F1】 Any discussion of the American educational system w
2、ould be less than complete if it did not mention the emphasis that many colleges and universities place upon the nonacademic, social, “extracurricular“ aspect of education, often defined as personal growth. Perhaps a useful way of viewing the notion of personal growth would be to picture the very la
3、rge and general term “education“as being all-embracing, including as subsets within it academic and nonacademic components. This may be one of the most difficult concepts to convey to someone who is not intimately familiar with American higher education. Few educational systems in other countries pl
4、ace the same emphasis on this blend of academic and personal education. The majority of colleges and universities in the United States make some attempt to integrate personal and intellectual growth in the undergraduate years.【F2】 If the ultimate goal of undergraduate education in America were simpl
5、y to convey a set body of knowledge, the term of studies could undoubtedly be reduced. Yet the terms of studies are extended in order to give students a chance to grow and develop in other ways. Numerous opportunities are made available to students to become involved in sports, student government, m
6、usical and dramatic organizations, and countless other organized and individual activities designed to enhance ones personal growth and provide some recreation and enjoyment outside of the classroom.【F3】 Experience with campus organizations and off-campus community involvement can be highly valuable
7、 in preparing international students for future leadership in their professional field upon their return home. The typical American colleges support for extracurricular activity is perhaps unique in the world. This special educational dimension, beyond the classroom and laboratory experience, does n
8、ot mean that extracurricular participation is required to gain an American degree.【F4】 It remains an entirely optional activity, but it is noted here because Americans have traditionally viewed success in ones role as a citizen as closely linked to a “well-rounded“ life that incorporates a variety o
9、f social, athletic, and cultural activities into a persons experience. A great many American campuses and communities have organized special extracurricular activities for students from other countries.【F5】 On most campuses, one can find an international club, which includes Americans, where student
10、s can get to know and learn socially from students from other countries, as well as Americans. International students are almost always invited, through organized hospitality activities, into the homes of Americans living in or outside the academic community.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2
11、.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_Half of the worlds population will be speaking or learning English by 2015, researchers say. Two billion people are expected to start learning English within a decade and three billion will speak it, says a British Council estimate. Other la
12、nguages, such as French, risk becoming the casualties of this “linguistic globalization“.【F1】 But the boom will be over by 2050 and the English language teaching industry will have become a victim of its own success, says David Graddol, author of the report, The Future of English. Mr. Graddols resea
13、rch was based on a computer model developed to estimate demand for English language teaching around the world.【F2】 The lecturer, who has worked in education and language studies at the Open University for the past 25 years, said the model charted likely student numbers through to 2050. It was compil
14、ed by looking at various estimates from the United Nations Education, Scientific and Cultural Organization(UNESCO)on education provision, demographic projections, government education policies and international student mobility figures.【F3】 The impact of educational innovations and other development
15、s affecting the world population including the Chinese governments policy of one baby per family were also factored in. Based on its findings, Mr. Graddol has predicted that the world is about to be hit by a tidal wave of English. “Many governments, especially in countries which have relatively rece
16、ntly gained independence, are introducing the teaching of English under a utilitarian banner.“ “But English predominates in the business world, and for such countries to be able to compete for work, including profitable outsourcing contracts, English is being pushed heavily from kindergarten on.“ Ev
17、en maths and science are being taught in English at secondary schools in Malaysia.【F4】 But demand for English teaching would drop as children progress through academia, and more universities across the world choose to teach in the language. Mr. Graddol also estimated that the boom would be over by 2
18、050.“English-language students will be down from two billion to 500 million then,“ he said, “Increasingly, as English spread across the globe, more people will become bilingual, even multi-lingual and such skills are highly prized in business. But Britain has not got the best reputation for learning
19、 other languages.“ 【F5】 The report also showed that English was not the only language spreading, and the world, far from being dominated by English, was to become more multi-lingual. Mr. Graddol said, “Chinese, Arabic and Spanish are all popular, and likely to be languages of the future.“（分数：10.00）(
20、1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_The word Renaissance has of late years received a more extended significance than that which is implied in our English equivalentthe Revival of learning. We use it to denote the whole transition from the Middle
21、Ages to the modern world;【F1】 though it is possible to assign certain limits to the period during which this transition took place, we cannot fix on any dates so positively as to say between this year and that the movement was accomplished. To do so would be like trying to name the days on which spr
22、ing in any particular season began and ended. The evolution has not been completed. In like manner we cannot refer the whole phenomena of the Renaissance to any one cause or circumstance, or limit them within the field of any one department of human knowledge.【F2】 Students of literature and philosop
23、hy see in the Renaissance that discovery of manuscripts, that progress in philology and criticism, which led to a correct knowledge of the classics, to a fresh taste in poetry, to new systems of thought, to more accurate analysis, and finally to the emancipation of the conscience. Men of science wil
24、l discourse about the discovery of the solar system by Copernicus and Galileo, the anatomy of Vesalius. Men whose attention has been turned to the history of discoveries and inventions will point to the benefits conferred upon the world by the arts of printing and engraving, by the compass and the t
25、elescope.【F3】 They will insist that at the moment of the Renaissance all the instruments of mechanical utility started into existence, to aid the dissolution of what was rotten and must perish, to strengthen and perpetuate the new and useful and life-giving. Yet neither any one of these answers, tak
26、en separately, nor indeed all of them together, will offer a solution of the problem.【F4】 By the term “renaissance,“ or new birth, is indicated a natural movement, not to be explained by this or that characteristic, but to be accepted as an effort of humanity in the onward progress in which we still
27、 participate. The history of the Renaissance is not the history of arts or of sciences or of literature or even of nations.【F5】 It is the history of the attainment of self-conscious freedom by the human spirit manifested in the European races.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数
28、：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_【F1】 Material culture refers to the touchable, material “things physical objects that can be seen, held, felt, usedthat a culture produces. Examining a cultures tools and technology can tell us about the groups history and way of life. Similarly, research i
29、nto the material culture of music can help us to understand the music-culture. The most vivid body of “things“ in it, of course, are musical instruments.【F2】 We cannot hear for ourselves the actual sound of any musical performance before the 1870s when the phonograph was invented, so we rely on inst
30、ruments for important information about music-cultures in the remote past and their development. Here we have two kinds of evidence: instruments well preserved and instruments pictured in art. Through the study of instruments, as well as paintings, written documents, and so on, we can explore the mo
31、vement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments on the symphony orchestra. Sheet music or printed music, too, is material culture. Scholars once defined
32、 folk music-cultures as those in which people learn and sing music by ear rather than from print, but research shows mutual influence among oral and written sources during the past few centuries in Europe, Britain and America. Printed versions limit variety because they tend to standardize any song,
33、 yet they stimulate people to create new and different songs.【F3】 Besides, the ability to read music notation has a far-reaching effect on musicians and, when it becomes widespread, on the music-culture as a whole. Music is deep-rooted in the cultural background that fosters it. We now pay more and
34、more attention to traditional or ethnic features in folk music and are willing to preserve the folk music as we do with many traditional cultural heritage. Musicians all over the world are busy with recording classic music in their country for the sake of their unique culture.【F4】 As always, peoples
35、 aspiration will always focus on their individuality rather than universal features that are shared by all cultures alike. 【F5】 One more important part of musics material culture should be singled out: the influence of the electronic mediaradio, record player, tape recorder, and television, with the
36、 future promising talking and singing computers and other developments. This is all part of the “information-revolution“, a twentieth century phenomenon as important as the industrial revolution in the nineteenth. These electronic media are not just limited to modern nations; they have affected musi
37、c-cultures all over the globe.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_考研英语（翻译）-试卷 55答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following text c
38、arefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_解析：【F1】 Any discussion of the American educational system would be less than complete if it did not mention the emphasis that many colleges and universities place upon the nonacademic, social, “extracurricular“ aspect of edu
39、cation, often defined as personal growth. Perhaps a useful way of viewing the notion of personal growth would be to picture the very large and general term “education“as being all-embracing, including as subsets within it academic and nonacademic components. This may be one of the most difficult con
40、cepts to convey to someone who is not intimately familiar with American higher education. Few educational systems in other countries place the same emphasis on this blend of academic and personal education. The majority of colleges and universities in the United States make some attempt to integrate
41、 personal and intellectual growth in the undergraduate years.【F2】 If the ultimate goal of undergraduate education in America were simply to convey a set body of knowledge, the term of studies could undoubtedly be reduced. Yet the terms of studies are extended in order to give students a chance to gr
42、ow and develop in other ways. Numerous opportunities are made available to students to become involved in sports, student government, musical and dramatic organizations, and countless other organized and individual activities designed to enhance ones personal growth and provide some recreation and enjoyment outside of the classroom.【F3】 Experience with campus organizations and off-campus community involvement can be highly valuable in preparing international students for future leadership in their professional field upon their return home. Th
