1、考研英语（翻译）-试卷 19 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evo
2、lution are in the publisher“s pipelines. A few have already appeared.【F1】 The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology, and biol
3、ogy have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened.【F2】 Scientific creationism, which is being pushed by some for equal time in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists
4、and the majority of non-fundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard scientific creationism as bad science and bad religion. The first four chapters of Kitcher“s book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and prov
5、ides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating.【F3】 He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When t
6、heir basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior. Kitcher is philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments.【F4】 The non-specialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that suppo
7、rt evolutionary theory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: This book stands for reason itself.【F5】 And so it doesand all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.（分数：1
8、0.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers? Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. You h
9、ave sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well? At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soul-searching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990.【F1】 It“s a self-examination that has, at va
10、rious times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line. At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over for the late Steve Ross in 1992.【F2】 On the financial front, Levin is under pressure to raise the stock price and reduce the company“
11、s mountainous debt, which will increase to $ 17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently. 【F3】 The flap over rap is not making life any easier for him, Levin has consistently defende
12、d the company“s rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T“s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet.【F4】 The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street
13、Journal column, lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won“t retreat in the face of any threats. Levin would not comment on the debate las
14、t week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month“s stockholders“meeting. Levin asserted that music is not the cause of society“s ills and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx,
15、 New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.【F5】 But he talked as well about the balanced struggle between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he announced that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution and labeling of potentially objectionable music
16、. The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say several of them have shown their concerns in this matter. “Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendment are not totally unlimited,“ says Luce. I t
17、hink it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned o
18、r made illegal.【F1】 But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet. It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars ha
19、s a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoe Zysman.【F2】 English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet, yet a suspiciously large number of top people have su
20、rnames beginning with letters between A and K. 【F3】 Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush“s predecessors(including his father)had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more
21、striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged(Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chretien and Koizumi). The world“ s three top central bankers(Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami)are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really u
22、ses Japanese characters. As are the world “s five richest men(Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht). Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early.【F4】 At the start of the first year in in
23、fant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may thi
24、nk they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly. The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach th
25、e Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ.【F5】 Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00
26、）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_【F1】 The majority of successful senior managers do not closely follow the classical rational model of first clarifying goals, assessing the problem, formulating options, estimating likelihoods of success, making a decision, and only then taking
27、 action to implement the decision. 【F2】 Rather, in their day-by-day tactical maneuvers, these senior executives rely on what is vaguely termed intuition to manage a network of interrelated problems that require them to deal with ambiguity, inconsistency, novelty, and surprise; and to integrate actio
28、n into the process of thinking. Generations of writers on management have recognized that some practicing managers rely heavily on intuition. In general, however, such writers display a poor grasp of what intuition is. Some see it as the opposite of rationality; others view it as an excuse for capri
29、ciousness. Isenberg“s recent research on the cognitive processes of senior managers reveals that managers“ intuition is neither of these. Rather, senior managers use intuition in at least five distinct ways. First, they intuitively sense when a problem exists. Second, managers rely on intuition to p
30、erform well-learned behavior patterns rapidly. This intuition is not arbitrary or irrational, but is based on years of painstaking practice and hands-on experience that build skills. A third function of intuition is to synthesize isolated bits of data and practice into an integrated picture, often i
31、n an Aha! experience. Fourth, some managers use intuition as a check on the results of more rational analysis.【F3】 Most senior executives are familiar with the formal decision analysis models and tools, and those who use such systematic methods for reaching decisions are occasionally leery of soluti
32、ons suggested by these methods which run counter to their sense of the correct course of action. Finally, managers can use intuition to bypass in-depth analysis and move rapidly to engender a plausible solution. Used in this way, intuition is an almost instantaneous cognitive process in which a mana
33、ger recognizes familiar patterns. One of the implications of the intuitive style of executive management is that thinking is inseparable from acting. Since managers often know what is right before they can analyze and explain it, they frequently act first and explain later.【F4】 Analysis is inextrica
34、bly tied to action in thinking-acting cycles, in which managers develop thoughts about their companies and organizations not by analyzing a problematic situation and then acting, but by acting and analyzing in close concert. 【F5】 Given the great uncertainty of many of the management issues that they
35、 face, senior managers often instigate a course of action simply to learn more about an issue. They then use the results of the action to develop a more complete understanding of the issue. One implication of thinking-acting cycles is that action is often part of defining the problem, not just of im
36、plementing the solution.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_考研英语（翻译）-试卷 19 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefu
37、lly and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_解析：Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publisher“s pipelines. A few have already appeared.【F1】 The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that th
38、ere are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened.【F2】 Scientific creationism, which is being pushed by some for equal time in the
39、 classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of non-fundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard scientific creationism as bad science and bad religion. The first four chapters of Kitcher“s b
40、ook give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating.【F3】 He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those
41、unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior. Kitcher is philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectivene
42、ss of his arguments.【F4】 The non-specialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: This book stands for reason itself.【F5】 And so it doesand all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：所有这些书的目的都试
