1、考研英语（翻译）-试卷 18 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_【F1】 During the past generation, the American middle-cl
2、ass family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months. In just one g
3、eneration, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today“s families have budgeted to th
4、e limits of their new two-paycheck status.【F2】 As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setbacka back-up earner(usually Mom)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect“ could support the safety net of
5、fered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner. During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more risk in their
6、 retirement income.【F3】 Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, President Bush ca
7、mpaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne by families hav
8、e risenand newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families“ future healthcare.【F4】 Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the odds of having a
9、 weak elderly parentand all the attendant need for physical and financial assistancehave jumped eightfold in just one generation. 【F5】 From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, and a good deal
10、 more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.0
11、0）_The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid“ mediasuch as television commercials and print advertisementsstill play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a produc
12、t may create “earned“ media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned“ media by sending e-mail alerts about products and sales to customers registered with its Web site.【F1】 The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing“s i
13、mpact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media. Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own products. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users“ responses. But in some cases, one marketer“s owned media become another marketer“
14、s paid mediafor instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.【F2】 We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its infan
15、cy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson the action should demand much in effect or skill. 【F3】 Third, the action should be successful and the successful self-originated important action should increase the feeling of
16、 potential worth and individual power of individuals who are poor. 【F4】 The only initial resource which a community should provide to neighborhoods of poverty should be on a temporary basis and should consist of organizers who will enable the neighborhoods quickly to create powerful, independent, de
17、mocratic organizations of the poor. 【F5】 Through such organizations, the poor will then negotiate with the outsiders for resources and opportunities without having to submit to concurrent control from outside.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（
18、分数：2.00）_考研英语（翻译）-试卷 18 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_解析：【F1】 During the past generation, the Amer
19、ican middle-class family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself financially secure has been transformed by economic risk and new realities. Now a pink slip, a bad diagnosis, or a disappearing spouse can reduce a family from solidly middle class to newly poor in a few months.
20、 In just one generation, millions of mothers have gone to work, transforming basic family economics. Scholars, policymakers, and critics of all stripes have debated the social implications of these changes, but few have looked at the side effect: family risk has risen as well. Today“s families have
21、budgeted to the limits of their new two-paycheck status.【F2】 As a result, they have lost the parachute they once had in times of financial setbacka back-up earner(usually Mom)who could go into the workforce if the primary earner got laid off or fell sick. This “added-worker effect“ could support the
22、 safety net offered by unemployment insurance or disability insurance to help families weather bad times. But today, a disruption to family fortunes can no longer be made up with extra income from an otherwise-stay-at-home partner. During the same period, families have been asked to absorb much more
23、 risk in their retirement income.【F3】 Steelworkers, airline employees, and now those in the auto industry are joining millions of families who must worry about interest rates, stock market fluctuation, and the harsh reality that they may outlive their retirement money. For much of the past year, Pre
24、sident Bush campaigned to move Social Security to a saving-account model, with retirees trading much or all of their guaranteed payments for payments depending on investment returns. For younger families, the picture is not any better. Both the absolute cost of healthcare and the share of it borne b
25、y families have risenand newly fashionable health-savings plans are spreading from legislative halls to Wal-Mart workers, with much higher deductibles and a large new dose of investment risk for families“ future healthcare.【F4】 Even demographics are working against the middle class family, as the od
26、ds of having a weak elderly parentand all the attendant need for physical and financial assistancehave jumped eightfold in just one generation. 【F5】 From the middle-class family perspective, much of this, understandably, looks far less like an opportunity to exercise more financial responsibility, a
27、nd a good deal more like a frightening acceleration of the wholesale shift of financial risk onto their already overburdened shoulders. The financial fallout has begun, and the political fallout may not be far behind.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：上几代的美国中产阶级家庭曾经依赖勤奋工作和公平竞争来确保家庭经济的安全，可是经济风险和新
28、的现实的到来使这种安全发生了变化。)解析：(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：结果，他们就失去了在经济困难时期具有的保护伞作为后备力量的赚钱者(通常是妈妈)，如果家庭主要经济支柱失业了或者生病了，这个后备军就可以进入劳动力市场。)解析：(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：钢铁工人、航空公司职员，现在还有汽车企业员工都在担心利率，股票市场的波动以及自己会在有生之年花光退休金的严酷现实，这样的家庭有成百上千万个。)解析：(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：甚至人口统计学的结果也对中产阶级家庭不利，因为如果有一个年老力衰的父亲或母亲，
29、随之而来的照料所需要的精力和财力在一代的时间内也增加了八倍。)解析：(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：从中产阶级家庭的角度来看，我们可以理解到，在大多数情况下，前面提到的看起来似乎不是一个能够承担更多经济责任的机会，而更像是一个把经济风险大规模加速转移到他们已不堪重负的肩膀上的过程。)解析：The rough guide to marketing success used to be that you got what you paid for. No longer. While traditional “paid“ mediasuch as television co
30、mmercials and print advertisementsstill play a major role, companies today can exploit many alternative forms of media. Consumers passionate about a product may create “earned“ media by willingly promoting it to friends, and a company may leverage “owned“ media by sending e-mail alerts about product
31、s and sales to customers registered with its Web site.【F1】 The way consumers now approach the process of making purchase decisions means that marketing“s impact stems from a broad range of factors beyond conventional paid media. Paid and owned media are controlled by marketers promoting their own pr
32、oducts. For earned media , such marketers act as the initiator for users“ responses. But in some cases, one marketer“s owned media become another marketer“s paid mediafor instance, when an e-commerce retailer sells ad space on its Web site.【F2】 We define such sold media as owned media whose traffic
33、is so strong that other organizations place their content or e-commerce engines within that environment. This trend, which we believe is still in its infancy, effectively began with retailers and travel providers such as airlines and hotels and will no doubt go further. Johnson the action should dem
34、and much in effect or skill. 【F3】 Third, the action should be successful and the successful self-originated important action should increase the feeling of potential worth and individual power of individuals who are poor. 【F4】 The only initial resource which a community should provide to neighborhoo
35、ds of poverty should be on a temporary basis and should consist of organizers who will enable the neighborhoods quickly to create powerful, independent, democratic organizations of the poor. 【F5】 Through such organizations, the poor will then negotiate with the outsiders for resources and opportunit
36、ies without having to submit to concurrent control from outside.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：穷人容易受他们所处的社会状况的影响，而不能通过行动来影响社会状况，也就是说不能通过产生于个人的决定和计划中的行动来影响社会状况。)解析：(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：其次，行为应该更多地影响社会团体和那些确定穷人范围者的偏见；行动应该在作用或技能方面多提要求。)解析：(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：最后，行动应当成功，成功的、自发的重要行动将增强穷人的潜在价值感以及穷人的个体力量。)解析：(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：一个社区应该给贫穷的邻居提供早期的物质支持，这种物质支持应该建立在临时基础之上，这些活动应该包括一些组织的组织者，那些组织者能够使邻居迅速创建穷人的有影响的、独立、民主的组织。)解析：(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_正确答案：(正确答案：通过这样的组织，穷人将获得与外界洽谈的资源和机会，而不必同时屈从于来自外界的控制。)解析：
