1、考研英语（翻译）-试卷 12 及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_【F1】 It is no longer just dirty blue-collar jobs in man
2、ufacturing; that are being sucked offshore but also white-collar service jobs, which used to be considered safe from foreign competition. Telecoms charges have tumbled, allowing workers in far-flung locations to be connected cheaply to customers in the developed world. This has made it possible to o
3、ffshore services that were once non-tradable. Morgan Stanley“s Mr. Roach has been drawing attention to the fact that the “global labor arbitrage“ is moving rapidly to the better kinds of jobs.【F2】 It is no longer just basic data processing and call centers that are being outsourced to low-wage count
4、ries, but also software programming, medical diagnostics, engineering design, law, accounting, finance and business consulting. These can now be delivered electronically from anywhere in the world, exposing skilled white-collar workers to greater competition. The standard retort to such arguments is
5、 that outsourcing abroad is too small to matter much. So far fewer than 1 million American service-sector jobs have been lost to off-shoring. Forrester Research forecasts that by 2015 a total of 3.4 million jobs in services will have moved abroad, but that is tiny compared with the 30 million jobs d
6、estroyed and created in America every year.【F3】 The trouble is that such studies allow only for the sorts of jobs that are already being off-shored, when in reality the proportion of jobs that can be moved will rise as IT advances and education improves in emerging economies. Mr. Blinder says: “educ
7、ation offers no protection.【F4】 Highly skilled accountants, radiologists or computer programmers now have to compete with electronically delivered competition from abroad, whereas humble taxi drivers, janitors and crane operators remain safe from off-shoring. This may help to explain why the real me
8、dian wage of American graduates hat fallen by 6% since 2000, a bigger decline than in average wages.“ In the 1980s and early 1990s, the pay gap between low-paid, low-skilled workers and high-paid, high-skilled workers widened significantly. But since then, according to a study by David Autor, Lawren
9、ce Katz and Melissa Kearney, in America, Britain and Germany workers at the bottom as well as at the top have done better than those in the middle-income group. Office cleaning cannot be done by workers in India. It is the easily standardized skilled jobs in the middle, such as accounting, that are
10、now being squeezed hardest.【F5】 A study confirms that workers in tradable services that are exposed to foreign competition tend to be more skilled than workers in non-tradable services and tradable manufacturing industries.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2
11、.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_In a sense, the new protectionism is not protectionism at all, at least not in the traditional sense of the term. The old protectionism referred only to trade restricting and trade expanding devices, such as the tariff or export subsidy. The new protectionism is much broader t
12、han this; it includes interventions into foreign trade but is not limited to them.【F1】 The new protectionism, in fact, refers to how the whole of government intervention into the private economy affects international trade. The emphasis on trade is still there, thus came the term “protection“. But w
13、hat is new is the realization that virtually all government activities can affect international economic relations. 【F2】 The emergence of the new protectionism in the Western world reflects the victory of the interventionist, or welfare economy over the market economy. Jab Tumiler writes,“The old pr
14、otectionism . coexisted, without any apparent intellectual difficulty with the acceptable of the market as a national as well as an international economic distribution mechanismindeed, protectionists as well as(if only not more than)free traders stood for laissez-faire.【F3】 Now, as in the 1930“s, pr
15、otectionism is an expression of a profound skepticism as to the ability of the market to distribute resources and incomes to societies“ satisfaction. It is precisely this profound skepticism of the market economy that is responsible for the protectionism. In a market economy, economic change of vari
16、ous colors implies redistribution of resources and incomes. The same opinion in many communities apparently is that such redistributions often are not proper. Therefore, the government intervenes to bring about a more desired result. The victory of the welfare state is almost complete in northern Eu
17、rope.【F4】 In Sweden, Norway, Finland, Denmark, and the Netherlands, government intervention in almost all aspects of economic and social life is considered normal. In Great Britain this is only somewhat less true. Government traditionally has played a very active role in economic life in France and
18、continued to do so. Only West Germany dares to go against the tide towards excessive interventionism in Western Europe. It also happens to be the most successful Western European economy. 【F5】 The welfare state has made significant progress in the United States as well as in Western Europe, social s
19、ecurity, unemployment insurance, minimum wage laws, and rent control are through now traditional welfare state elements on the American scene.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_Often referred to as “the heart of a factoring organizatio
20、n, “the credit department is responsible for granting credit to clients“ customers and for collecting the accounts receivable purchased through the factor.【F1】 When factored clients submit customer orders for credit approval, the credit department analyzes the financial condition and credit worthine
21、ss of the customer, then makes a decision to approve or decline the order. The department must then monitor the condition of approved customers and collect all due receivables. Careful credit checking and effective collection procedures in this department can greatly reduce the risks inherent in fac
22、toring. As the head of the credit department, the credit manager is responsible for seeing that the department operates effectively.【F2】 He must develop the factor“s credit policies in consultation with senior factoring associates, and he is in overall command of everything from credit and collectio
23、ns to bankruptcy and liquidations. If only the factor is a commercial bank division, the credit manager is a bank vice president, and credit policy must also be approved through top management of the bank. 【F3】 Assisting the credit manager may be several supervisors who have credit responsibilities
24、of their own and who also oversee the analysis and approval of customer orders through the credit specialists. Credit supervisors typically spend about eighty percent of their time handling large customer orders. If only a customer order exceeds a supervisor“s credit authority, he is responsible for
25、 making recommendations to the credit manager. A supervisor also reviews a subordinate“s credit decision if only the subordinate is unsure of the extent of the credit risk or if only a client questions a particular credit decision. In extremely large credit exposures, supervisor“s bear the responsib
26、ility for analyzing the credit position of the customers and deciding on credit limits. To do this, they must regularly obtain current data from various credit information sources. They must also have extensive contact with each customer to determine operational performance and progress. Frequently,
27、 supervisors are called upon to give advice on what should be done to improve a company“s financial condition.【F4】 Meeting all these responsibilities requires that each supervisor continuously observe and study the industries with which he is concerned, so that he is capable of anticipating market c
28、hanges which may affect his accounts. 【F5】 A supervisor“s major challenge is to maintain a fine balance between the demands of clients that all their customer orders be approved and the questionable financial position of some of the customers. In reviewing any credit decision, a supervisor must be c
29、apable of weighing a variety of elements, including the possibility of losing the client, the customer“ s credit position, and the extent of any possible loss.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_【F1】 As any parents of a young child who
30、is a problem sleeper will confirm, permanent tiredness and constant irritability can put a huge strain on your relationship. In fact, according to a survey, lack of sleep is a big factor in divorce and separation for a third of couples. 【F2】 Ahead of a new series on the subject, a poll carried out f
31、or Channel 4 suggests the average parent surveyed got fewer than six hours of sleep a night, which also found that three in 10 couples who had split up said sleep deprivation since having their child was a factor in the breakup. Nearly 45% said they had dozed off in a place they shouldn“t have or wa
32、s unsafe, with one in 20 admitting to falling asleep at the wheel of their car. Children waking throughout the night, as well as the struggle to get children off to bed at a respectable hour, were equally important issues for parents. Nearly half of the 2, 000 people questioned said getting their ch
33、ild to sleep at a consistent time was a nightly battle.【F3】 Around 11% admitted to pretending to be asleep in the night so that their partner was forced to deal with a crying child, while 11% said they had shut the door and 9% said they had turned up the TV to block out the noise of a sobbing child.
34、 A fifth of parents blamed the fact that their child had a television in their room for their failure to fall asleep. 【F4】 But psychologist Tanya Byron, who is among a panel of experts taking part in the series, Bedtime Live, which will allow people to call in via video to the show and ask for help,
35、 said it wasn“t about blaming parentsrather that family downtime was being eroded by the demands of work and the attraction of technologies, and that sleep was being lost as a result. Sleep deprivation in adults was also a worry, she said, pointing to tests done on the sleep-deprived mothers. Those
36、without sleep were just as dangerous as those who had been drinking. One woman drove 100 metres with her eyes closed.【F5】 What we have to remember is that fundamentally we are beings who run on circadian rhythms and we are just putting our brains under constant stress if we can“ t get our sleep.（分数：
37、10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_考研英语（翻译）-试卷 12 答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the u
38、nderlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_解析：【F1】 It is no longer just dirty blue-collar jobs in manufacturing; that are being sucked offshore but also white-collar service jobs, which used to be considered safe from foreign competition. Telecoms charges have tumbled, allowing workers in far-flung
39、locations to be connected cheaply to customers in the developed world. This has made it possible to offshore services that were once non-tradable. Morgan Stanley“s Mr. Roach has been drawing attention to the fact that the “global labor arbitrage“ is moving rapidly to the better kinds of jobs.【F2】 It
40、 is no longer just basic data processing and call centers that are being outsourced to low-wage countries, but also software programming, medical diagnostics, engineering design, law, accounting, finance and business consulting. These can now be delivered electronically from anywhere in the world, e
41、xposing skilled white-collar workers to greater competition. The standard retort to such arguments is that outsourcing abroad is too small to matter much. So far fewer than 1 million American service-sector jobs have been lost to off-shoring. Forrester Research forecasts that by 2015 a total of 3.4
42、million jobs in services will have moved abroad, but that is tiny compared with the 30 million jobs destroyed and created in America every year.【F3】 The trouble is that such studies allow only for the sorts of jobs that are already being off-shored, when in reality the proportion of jobs that can be moved will rise as IT advances and education improves in emerging economies. Mr. Blinder says: “education offers no protection.【F4】 Highly skilled accountants, radiologists or computer programmers now have to compete with electronically delivered competition fr
