1、考研英语（翻译）-试卷 11及答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_【F1】 Despite the general negative findings, it is import
2、ant to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the child“s individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, and gender.【F2】 In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easygoing
3、, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general. Stress, such as that found in disrupted families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their sur
4、roundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easygoing, relaxed child learn to cope with adversity. There is some relationship between age and children“s characteristic reaction to divorce.【F3】 As the child grows
5、 older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be attributed to any one simple cause. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment dimini
6、shes after the age of 8, and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection. Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are
7、 more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore, the adjustment problems of boys are still noticeable even two years after the divorce. Girls“ adjustment problems are usually internalize
8、d rather than acted out, and are often resolved by the second year after the divorce. However, new problems may surface for girls as they enter adolescence and adulthood. How can the relatively greater impact of divorce on boys than on girls be explained?【F4】 The greater male aggression and noncompl
9、iance may reflect the fact that such behaviors are tolerated and even encouraged in males in our culture more than they are in females. Furthermore, boys may have a particular need for a strong male model of self-control, as well as for a strong disciplinarian parent.【F5】 Finally, boys are more like
10、ly to be exposed to their parents“ fights than girls are, and after the breakup, boys are less likely than girls to receive sympathy and support from mothers, teachers, or peers.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_The provision of posit
11、ive incentives to work in the new society will not be an easy task.【F1】 But the most difficult task of all is to devise the ultimate and final sanction to replace the ultimate sanction of hungerthe economic whip of the old dispensation. Moreover, in a society which rightly rejects the pretence of se
12、parating economics from politics and denies the autonomy of the economic order, that sanction can be found only in some conscious act of society. We can no longer ask the invisible hand to do our dirty work for us. I confess that I am less horror-struck than some people at the prospect, which seems
13、to me unavoidable, of an ultimate power of what is called direction of labour resting in some arm of society, whether in an organ of state or of trade unions. I should indeed be horrified if I identified this prospect with a return to the conditions of the pre-capitalist era. The economic whip of la
14、issez-faire undoubtedly represented an advance on the serf-like conditions of that period: in that relative sense, the claim of capitalism to have established for the first time a system of “free“ labour deserves respect.【F2】 But the direction of labour as exercised in Great Britain in the Second Wo
15、rld War seems to me to represent as great an advance over the economic whip of the heyday of capitalist private enterprise as the economic whip represented over pre-capitalist serfdom. Much depends on the effectiveness of the positive incentives, much, too, on the solidarity and self-discipline of t
16、he community. After all, under the system of laissez-faire capitalism the fear of hunger remained an ultimate sanction rather than a continuously operative force.【F3】 It would have been intolerable if the worker had been normally driven to work by conscious fear of hunger; nor, except in the early a
17、nd worst days of the Industrial Revolution, did that normally happen. 【F4】 Similarly in the society of the future the power of direction should be regarded not so much as an instrument of daily use but rather as an ultimate sanction held in reserve where voluntary methods fail. It is inconceivable t
18、hat, in any period or in any conditions that can now be foreseen, any organ of state in Great Britain would be in a position, even if it had the will, to marshal and deploy the labour force over the whole economy by military discipline like an army in the field.【F5】 This, like other nightmares of a
19、totally planned economy, can be left to those who like to frighten themselves and others with scarecrows.（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_Over the last decade, demand for the most common cosmetic surgery procedures, like breast enlar
20、gements and nose jobs, has increased by more than 400 percent. According to Dr. Dai Davies, of the Plastic Surgery Partnership in Hammersmith, the majority of cosmetic surgery patients are not chasing physical perfection. Rather, they are driven to fantastic lengths to improve their appearance by a
21、desire to look normal.“【F1】 What we all crave is to look normal, and normal is what is prescribed by the advertising media and other external pressures. They give us a perception of what is physically acceptable and we feel we must look like that.“ 【F2】 In America, the debate is no longer about whet
22、her surgery is normal; rather, it centres on what age people should be before going under the knife. New York surgeon Dr. Gerard Imber recommends “maintenance“ work for people in their thirties. “The idea of waiting until one needs a heroic transformation is silly,“ he says, “By then, you“ve wasted
23、20 great years of your life and allowed things to get out of hand.“ Dr. Imber draws the line at operating on people who are under 18, however. “It seems that someone we don“t consider old enough to order a drink shouldn“t be considering plastic surgery.“ In the UK cosmetic surgery has long been seen
24、 as the exclusive domain of the very rich and famous.【F3】 But the proportionate cost of treatment has fallen substantially, bringing all but the most advanced laser technology within the reach of most people. Dr. Davies, who claims to “cater for the average person“, agrees. He says:“I treat a few of
25、 the rich and famous and an awful lot of secretaries. Of course, 3, 000 for an operation is a lot of money. But it is also an investment for life which costs about half the price of a good family holiday.“ 【F4】 Dr. Davies suspects that the increasing sophistication of the fat injecting and removal t
26、echniques that allow patients to be treated with a local anaesthetic in an afternoon has also helped promote the popularity of cosmetic surgery. 【F5】 Yet, as one woman who recently paid 2, 500 for liposuction to remove fat from her thighs admitted, the slope to becoming a cosmetic surgery Veteran is
27、 a deceptively gentle one. “I had my legs done because they“d been bugging me for years. But going into the clinic was so low key and effective it whetted my appetite. Now I don“t think there“s any operation that I would rule out having if I could afford it.“（分数：10.00）(1).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2
28、.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_The most thoroughly studied intellectuals in the history of the New World are the ministers and political leaders of seventeenth-century New England. According to the standard history of American philosophy, nowhere else in colonial America
29、was “So much importance attached to intellectual pursuits.“【F1】 According to many books and articles, New England“s leaders established the basic themes and preoccupations of an unfolding, dominant Puritan tradition in American intellectual life. 【F2】 To take this approach to the New Englanders norm
30、ally means to start with the Puritans“ theological innovations and their distinctive ideas about the churchimportant subjects that we may not neglect. But in keeping with our examination of southern intellectual life, we may consider the original Puritans as carriers of European culture, adjusting t
31、o New world circumstances. The New England colonies were the scenes of important episodes in the pursuit of widely understood ideals of civility and virtuosity. The early settlers of Massachusetts Bay included men of impressive education and influence in England. Besides the ninety or so learned min
32、isters who came to Massachusetts churches in the decade after 1629, there were political leaders like John Winthrop, an educated gentleman, lawyer, and official of the Crown before he journeyed to Boston.【F3】 These men wrote and published extensively, reaching both New World and Old World audiences,
33、 and giving New England an atmosphere of intellectual earnestness. We should not forget , however, that most New Englanders were less well educated.【F4】 While few craftsmen or farmers, let alone dependents and servants, left literary compositions to be analyzed, it is obvious that their views were l
34、ess fully intellectualized. Their thinking often had a traditional superstitious quality. A tailor named John Dane, who emigrated in the late 1630s, left an account of his reasons for leaving England that is filled with signs. Sexual confusion, economic frustrations, and religious hopeall came toget
35、her in a decisive moment when he opened the Bible, told his father the first line he saw would settle his fate, and read the magical words: “come out from among them, touch no unclean thing, and I will be your God and you shall be my people.“ One wonders what Dane thought of the careful sermons expl
36、aining the Bible that he heard in puritan churches. 【F5】 Meanwhile, many settles had slighter religious commitments than Dane“s, as one clergyman learned in confronting folk along the coast who mocked that they had not come to the New world for religion. “Our main end was to catch fish.“（分数：10.00）(1
37、).【F1】（分数：2.00）_(2).【F2】（分数：2.00）_(3).【F3】（分数：2.00）_(4).【F4】（分数：2.00）_(5).【F5】（分数：2.00）_考研英语（翻译）-试卷 11答案解析(总分：60.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：6，分数：60.00)1.Section II Reading Comprehension（分数：10.00）_解析：2.Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined
38、 segments into Chinese.（分数：10.00）_解析：【F1】 Despite the general negative findings, it is important to remember that all children who live through a divorce do not behave in the same way. The specific behavior depends on the child“s individual personality, characteristics, age at the time of divorce, a
39、nd gender.【F2】 In terms of personality, when compared to those rated as relaxed and easygoing, children described as temperamental and irritable have more difficulty coping with parental divorce, as indeed they have more difficulty adapting to life change in general. Stress, such as that found in di
40、srupted families, seems to impair the ability of temperamental children to adapt to their surroundings, the greater the amount of stress, the less well they adapt. In contrast, a moderate amount of stress may actually help an easygoing, relaxed child learn to cope with adversity. There is some relat
41、ionship between age and children“s characteristic reaction to divorce.【F3】 As the child grows older, the greater is the likelihood of a free expression of a variety of complex feelings, an understanding of those feelings, and a realization that the decision to divorce cannot be attributed to any one
42、 simple cause. Self-blame virtually disappears after the age of 6, fear of abandonment diminishes after the age of 8, and the confusion and fear of the young child is replaced in the older child by shame, anger, and self-reflection. Gender of the child is also a factor that predicts the nature of reaction to divorce. The impact of divorce is initially greater on boys than on girls. They are more aggressive, less compliant, have greater difficulties in interpersonal relationships, and exhibit problem behaviors both at home and at school. Furthermore, the
