1、考研英语（完形填空）模拟试卷 204 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Whats a man? Or, indeed, a woman? Biologically, the answer might seem obvious
2、. A human being is a(n) 【C1】_who has grown from a fertilised egg which【C2】_genes from both father and mother. A growing band of biologists, 【C3】_, think this definition incomplete. They【C4】_people not just as individuals, but also as ecosystems. In their view, the descendant of the fertilised egg is
3、【C5】_one component of the system. The others are trillions of bacteria, each equally an individual, 【C6】_are found in a person s gut, his mouth, his skin and all of the crevices and orifices that exist in his bodys surface. A【C7】_adult human harbours some 100 trillion bacteria in his gut alone. That
4、 is ten times as many bacterial cells as he has cells【C8】_from the sperm and egg of his parents. These bugs, moreover, are【C9】_. Egg and sperm provide about 23, 000 different genes. The microbiome, as the bodys commensal bacteria are collectively known, is reckoned to have around 3million.【C10】_, ma
5、ny of those millions are variations on common themes, but equally many are not, and even the number of【C11】_that are adds something to the body s genetic mix. And it really is a system, for evolution has【C12】_the interests of host and bugs. In exchange for raw materials and shelter the microbes that
6、 live in and【C13】_people feed and protect their hosts, and are thus integral to that hosts well-being. Neither wishes the other harm. In bad【C14】_, though, this alignment of interest can【C15】_. Then, the microbiome may misbehave in ways which cause disease. That bacteria can cause disease is no【C16】
7、_. But the diseases in question are. Often, they are not acute infections of the【C17】_ 20th-century medicine has been so good at dealing with. They are, rather, the chronic illnesses that are now, 【C18】_in the rich world, the main focus of medical attention.【C19】_, from obesity and diabetes, via hea
8、rt disease and asthma to neurological conditions such as autism, the microbiome seems to play a(n) 【C20】_role.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.individualB.personC.peopleD.unit(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.includedB.involvedC.containedD.consisted(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.thereforeB.howeverC.henceD.moreover(4).【C4】（分数：2.00
9、）A.seeB.reckonC.insistD.emphasize(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.generallyB.hardlyC.obviouslyD.merely(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.whoB.whichC.thatD.where(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.healthyB.matureC.goodD.sick(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.derivedB.drawnC.descendedD.acquired(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.colorfulB.uniqueC.unifiedD.diverse(10).【C10】（分数：2.0
10、0）A.SurprisinglyB.ThankfullyC.AdmittedlyD.Doubtfully(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.theseB.thoseC.themD.it(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.alignedB.separatedC.changedD.connected(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.withB.onC.upD.at(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.timesB.eraC.daysD.years(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.break upB.break outC.break inD.break down(16
11、).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.revelationB.expectationC.relationD.recognization(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.kindB.sortC.diversityD.variety(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.at mostB.at lastC.at leastD.at first(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.SinceB.ForC.BecauseD.As(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.hugeB.specialC.smallD.crucialParenthood isnt a career-killer.
12、 In fact, economists with two or more kids tend to produce more research, not less, than their one-child or childless colleagues. But female economists【C1】_can pay a price in terms of productivity after becoming mothers, especially【C2】_theyre young or unmarried. That s according to a new research fr
13、om the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. There is widespread【C3】_that motherhood is【C4】_costly in terms of professional career advancement. “In particular, it is often【C5】_that the only way for young women to【C6】_a challenging career is to remain childless, “ they wrote. Our study of the academic l
14、abor market arrives at a somewhat less【C7】_picture: We do not observe a family gap in research productivity among female academic economists.【C8】_, motherhood-induced decreases in research productivity are less pronounced than usually purported. The authors in early 2012 【C9】_about 10, 000 economist
15、s through the Research Papers in Economics online platform, 【C10】_the academics answers with their publication records. They gauged an economists productivity【C11】_looking at their output: published research, weighted by journal【C12】_. Among their findings: Mothers of at least two children are, 【C13
16、】_, more productive than mothers of only one child, and mothers in general are more【C14】_than childless women. Fathers of【C15】_two children are also more productive than fathers of one child and childless men. Toward the end of their careers, however, childless men appear to be somewhat more product
17、ive than fathers of one child. Parenthood does appear linked to【C16】_productivity while the children are 12 and younger: mothers average a 17.4% loss, while fathers average a 5% loss. A female economist with three children, on average, 【C17】_the equivalent of four years of research【C18】_by the time
18、her kids become teenagers. Women who are married or in a【C19】_relationship do not have any drop in research productivity in the three years following childbirth. For single mothers, research output drops by roughly a third【C20】_the same period.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.in principleB.in turnC.in a
19、dditionD.in particular(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.unless(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.foundationB.traditionC.convictionD.phenomenon(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.extremelyB.largelyC.obviouslyD.oppositely(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.insistedB.arguedC.judgedD.concluded(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.makeB.chooseC.takeD.engage(7).【C7】（分数
20、：2.00）A.idealB.desirableC.drearyD.agreeable(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.OtherwiseD.However(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.collectedB.claimedC.investigatedD.surveyed(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.matchingB.comparingC.classifyingD.lining(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.withB.fromC.byD.in(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.sizeB.nameC.quant
21、ityD.quality(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.for exampleB.on averageC.in principleD.above all(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.productiveB.successfulC.laboriousD.effective(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.smartB.naughtyC.at leastD.at best(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.increaseB.lowerC.affectD.promote(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.losesB.gainsC.influencesD.
22、changes(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.papersB.resultsC.workD.output(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.flexibleB.stableC.balancedD.variable(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.overB.forC.amongD.to考研英语（完形填空）模拟试卷 204 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choo
23、se the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Whats a man? Or, indeed, a woman? Biologically, the answer might seem obvious. A human being is a(n) 【C1】_who has grown from a fertilised egg which【C2】_genes from both father and mother. A growing band of biologists, 【C3
24、】_, think this definition incomplete. They【C4】_people not just as individuals, but also as ecosystems. In their view, the descendant of the fertilised egg is【C5】_one component of the system. The others are trillions of bacteria, each equally an individual, 【C6】_are found in a person s gut, his mouth
25、, his skin and all of the crevices and orifices that exist in his bodys surface. A【C7】_adult human harbours some 100 trillion bacteria in his gut alone. That is ten times as many bacterial cells as he has cells【C8】_from the sperm and egg of his parents. These bugs, moreover, are【C9】_. Egg and sperm
26、provide about 23, 000 different genes. The microbiome, as the bodys commensal bacteria are collectively known, is reckoned to have around 3million.【C10】_, many of those millions are variations on common themes, but equally many are not, and even the number of【C11】_that are adds something to the body
27、 s genetic mix. And it really is a system, for evolution has【C12】_the interests of host and bugs. In exchange for raw materials and shelter the microbes that live in and【C13】_people feed and protect their hosts, and are thus integral to that hosts well-being. Neither wishes the other harm. In bad【C1
28、4】_, though, this alignment of interest can【C15】_. Then, the microbiome may misbehave in ways which cause disease. That bacteria can cause disease is no【C16】_. But the diseases in question are. Often, they are not acute infections of the【C17】_ 20th-century medicine has been so good at dealing with.
29、They are, rather, the chronic illnesses that are now, 【C18】_in the rich world, the main focus of medical attention.【C19】_, from obesity and diabetes, via heart disease and asthma to neurological conditions such as autism, the microbiome seems to play a(n) 【C20】_role.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.indi
30、vidual B.personC.peopleD.unit解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。此处 A human being is a(n)_who has grown from a fertilised egg 意为“人就是一个由受精卵发育而来的_”，根据文意和第六句中的 individuals，可知正确答案为 Aindividual“个体”。people 作“人”讲时，为不可数名词。person 为明显的干扰项，填在此处不符合汉语表达习惯：unit“单位，单元”与题意不符，故排除。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.includedB.involvedC.contained D.consis
31、ted解析：解析：本题考查动词辨析。此处 a fertilised egg which_genes from both father and mother 明显为一个定语从句，先行词为 fertilised egg“受精卵”，which 引导的从句对此进行修饰限定，意为“包含了父母基因的受精卵”。Ccontained 强调“某物体里面含有的成分”符合题意，为正确答案。include 强调部分，所包含之物在整体中能被明确界定为某几个部分；involve“牵扯，涉及”，通常和介词 in 连用，consist“由组成”，通常和 of 连用，均不符合题意，故排除。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.
32、thereforeB.however C.henceD.moreover解析：解析：本题考查逻辑关系。此处 A growing band of biologists，_，think this definition incomplete 意为“_越来越多的生物学家认为这一定义并不完整”，根据上下文，可知此处的生物学家并不完全认同前文提到的对人的定义。故正确答案为 Bhowever“然而，表转折”。therefore“总之”，hence“因此，所以”，moreover“再者，此外”，均不符合题意，故排除。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.see B.reckonC.insistD.emphas
33、ize解析：解析：本题考查动词辨析。此处 They 一 people not just as individuals，but also as ecosystems 意为“他们不仅仅把人看作是个体，同时还把他们看作一个个生态系统”。此外本题含有一个关键词 as，能与 as 构成搭配的只有 see 和 reckon，seeas“把看作”，reckonas“认为是”。故 Asee 为正确答案。insist“坚持”，emphasize“强调”，均不符合题意，故排除。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.generallyB.hardlyC.obviouslyD.merely 解析：解析：本题考查副词辨
34、析。此处 In their view，the descendant of the fertilised egg is_one component of the system，根据上下文可知，此处意为“在他们看来。由受精卵发展而来的只是这一生态系统中的一个组成部分”。故 Dmerely“只是，仅仅”为正确答案。generally“一般地，通常”，hardly“几乎不，简直不”，obviously“明显地”，均不符合题意，故排除。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.whoB.which C.thatD.where解析：解析：本题考查定语从句。此处 each equally an individu
35、al，_are found in a persons internal organs明显为一个非限定性定语从句，先行词为 individual“个体”，故正确答案为Bwhich。who 修饰的先行词一般为人，此处 individual 指的是细菌。where 作地点状语；that 引导定语从句时，前面不可加逗号，故排除。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.healthy B.matureC.goodD.sick解析：解析：本题考查形容词辨析。此处 A_adult human harbours some 100 trillion bacteria in his gut alone 意为“一个_
36、成年人仅在肠道中就拥有约 100 万亿个细菌”，根据常识及选项，可知 Ahealthy“健康的”，符合题意，为正确答案。mature“成熟的”，good“好的”，sick“生病的”均不符合题意，故排除。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.derivedB.drawnC.descended D.acquired解析：解析：本题考查动词辨析。此处he has ceils_from the sperm and egg of his parents意为“这一数字是他从父母的精子与卵子中获得的细胞数量的十倍”。四个选项均能与 from 搭配。构成过去分词短语作定语，修饰 cells。但 descend
37、 from“由留传下来”，符合题意，故 Cdescended为正确答案。derive from“起源于”，draw from“从中提取”，acquire from“获取”，均不符合题意，故排除。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.colorfulB.uniqueC.unifiedD.diverse 解析：解析：本题考查形容词辨析。根据下文 The microbiomearound 3 million“人体微生物群(人体共生茵的统称)约有 300 万种不同的基因”。可知此处 These bugs，moreover，are_意为“而且这些细菌都是多种多样的”。故 D，diverse“多种多样的”
38、为正确答案。colorful“多姿多彩的”，unique“独特的”，unified“统一的”，均不符合题意，故排除。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.SurprisinglyB.ThankfullyC.Admittedly D.Doubtfully解析：解析：本题考查副词辨析。根据上下文，可知此处表示肯定意义。_，many of those millions are variations on common themes 意为“不可否认，这些数以百万计的基因许多都是由普通基因变异而来”，故 CAdmittedly“诚然，无可否认地”为正确答案。Surprisingly“吃惊地”，Tha
39、nkfully“高兴地”，Doubtfully“怀疑地”，均不符合题意，故排除。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.theseB.those C.themD.it解析：解析：本题考查代词辨析。此处 even the number of_that are adds something to the bodys genetic mix 为一个复合句，主干为_adds something to the bodys genetic mix。that are 为省略了表语“variations on common themes”的定语从句，修饰空格处。此外根据上文“many of those”，可
40、知 Bthose 为正确答案，指代“常见基因变种”，与上文相照应。其他选项均不符合题意，故排除。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.aligned B.separatedC.changedD.connected解析：解析：本题考查动词辨析。根据下文提示信息 this alignment of interest 可知此处 for evolution has_the interests of host and bugs，意为“因为人类的演变已经使宿主和细菌的利益变得一致”。Aaligned“与联盟，与联合”，符合题意，与下文相照应，为正确答案。separate“分离，分开”，change“改
41、变”，connect“连接，建立联系”，均不符合题意，故排除。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.withB.on C.upD.at解析：解析：本题考查介词辨析。此处 that live in and_people 明显为定语从句，修饰先行词microbes，意为“存在于人体内或人体表面的细菌”。on 有“在上面”之意，符合题意，故 Bon为正确答案。live with“与一起生活”，live up 一般与 to 连用表示“符合”，live at“住在”，均不符合题意，故排除。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.times B.eraC.daysD.years解析：解析：本题考查名
42、词辨析。此处 In bad_意为“在一些糟糕的情况下”。times 意为“时代”，如 hard times(艰难时代)。era 意为“年代，纪元，历史时期”，没有 in bad era 这一说法；years 是指年份，in bad years“在不景气的年份”；days 是指“天，时期”，in bad days“在失意的日子”，均不符合题意，故排除。故选 Atimes。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.break upB.break outC.break inD.break down 解析：解析：本题考查固定搭配。此处 though，this alignment of interest
43、 can_，意为“人体与细菌的利益联盟可能会被一 一”。break down“分解，破裂”，符合题意，故 Dbreak down 为正确答案。break up“结束，破碎”，break out“爆发，突然产生”，break in“打断，闯入”，均不符合题意，故排除。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.revelation B.expectationC.relationD.recognization解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。根据上下文，可知此处 That bacteria can cause disease is no_意为“细菌会导致疾病这一点并不使人意外”。Arevelation“
44、被揭露的事情，意外的发现”，符合语境，为正确答案。expectation“期待”，relation“关系”，recognization“识别”，均不符合题意，故排除。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.kindB.sort C.diversityD.variety解析：解析：本题考查名词辨析。此处 they are not acute infections of the_20th-century medicine which has been so good at dealing with 意为“这些疾病并不是并不是 20 世纪的医学善于解决的急性病”。Bsort“分类，类别”，of t
45、he sort 为固定用法，意为“诸如此类的”，符合题意，故为正确答案。kind“方式，方法”，diversity“多样化”，variety“多样，种类”，均不符合语境，故排除。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.at mostB.at lastC.at least D.at first解析：解析：本题考查短语辨析。根据上下文，可知此处_in the rich world, the main focus of medical attention 是一种让步语气，意为“_是发达国家关注焦点”。Cat least“至少”符合题意，为正确答案。at most“至多”，at last“最终”，a
46、t first“最初”，均不符合题意，故排除。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.SinceB.For C.BecauseD.As解析：解析：本题考查逻辑关系。根据上下文，可知此处是解释说明发达国家为什么对慢性病如此关注的原因。所以此处应填一个表原因的连词，此外，连词与从句之间用逗号隔开，中间插入介词短语。符合此用法的只有 BFor，故 B 项为正确答案。Because，Since，As 作连词时，均表原因，但后面一般直接跟句子，不会单独用逗号与后面内容隔开，故排除。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.hugeB.specialC.smallD.crucial 解析：解析：本题考查
47、形容词辨析。此处 the microbiome seems to play a(n)_role 需填入一个形容词，表示微生物所起的作用。结合上文可以推断出，微生物在导致慢性病方面应该是起到了重要的作用，否则便不会成为医学界、尤其是发达国家的关注焦点，因此 Dcrucial“关键性的，至关重要的”为正确答案。huge“巨大的”，special“特殊的”，small“小的”，均不符合题意，故排除。Parenthood isnt a career-killer. In fact, economists with two or more kids tend to produce more research, not less, than their one-child or childless colleagues. But female economists【C1】_can pay a price in terms of productivity after becoming mothers, especially【C2】_theyre young or unmarried. That s according to a
