1、考研英语（完形填空）模拟试卷 158 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Parents and students are now relying less on taking out loans and more on gra
2、nts, scholarships and their own income and savings, according to a new report from Sallie Mae. “Over the last few years theyre considering cost more.【C1】_applying for bank loans, theyre making【C2】_decisions to save on their college【C3】_,“ says Sarah Ducich, an author of the report. The large private
3、 lender, in conjunction with Ipsos Public Affairs,【C4】_in its seventh annual report that more than half of the cost of college is【C5】_by grants and scholarships, as well as parent income and savings. The average family also【C6】_less on parent and student loans, which【C7】_for 7 percent and 15 percent
4、 of the cost,【C8】_. “But one of the most【C9】_findings of the report,“ Ducich says, “is that【C10】_soaring tuition and fees, families【C11】_in the value of college has remained strong.“ Nearly all of the 1,600 parents and students【C12】_said they believed that college is an【C13】_in the future, nearly 90
5、 percent said its needed for a(n) 【C14】_occupation and about 86 percent said they would be【C15】_to stretch financially to pay for college. And although more than two-thirds of families said they planned on borrowing, at least as a last【C16】_. many are increasingly looking for【C17】_to cut costs. Near
6、ly all families reported taking at least one step to make college more【C18】_and on average families took five steps. Seven in 10 said they chose a(n) 【C19】_college to pay in-state tuition and more than half said they lived at home or with【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.Apart fromB.Instead ofC.Re
7、gardless ofD.Because of(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.stubbornB.vagueC.boldD.deliberate(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.compensationsB.billsC.postagesD.correspondences(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.proposedB.questionedC.foundD.imagined(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.controlledB.deletedC.boostedD.covered(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.broughtB.passedC.carriedD.co
8、unted(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.appliedB.accountedC.soughtD.exchanged(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.respectivelyB.fortunatelyC.scientificallyD.conversely(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.flexibleB.imaginativeC.strikingD.stable(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.amongB.despiteC.exceptD.like(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.disapprovalB.associationC.communication
9、D.belief(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.surveyedB.dismissedC.directedD.discriminated(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.introductionB.applicationC.investmentD.invention(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.familiarB.desiredC.riskyD.idle(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.willingB.reluctantC.supposedD.impossible(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.resortB.resultC.matterD.d
10、ilemma(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.waysB.advantagesC.influencesD.implications(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.valuableB.dependableC.affordableD.compatible(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.topB.famousC.internationalD.local(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.tenantsB.relativesC.foreignersD.householdersHarvard professor Harvey Mansfield stirred up c
11、ontroversy recently by criticizing the violent grade inflation at his institution, stating, “I was told that the most frequently given grade at Harvard right now is an A-.“ A recent【C1】_of 200 colleges and universities also found that more than 40 percent of all grades awarded were in the A range. S
12、ome argue that these inflated grades are【C2】_for the competitive job market, but at the national level it is a negative-sum game that【C3】_serious costs on society. Because grades are【C4】_at A or A+, grade inflation results in a greater concentration of students at the【C5】_of the distribution. This【C
13、6】_of grades diminishes their value as a(n) 【C7】_of student abilities. There is also evidence that【C8】_grading reduces student effort. As giving low grades puts students at a disadvantage【C9】_to their peers, professors face strong【C10】_to award inflated grades. 【C11】_universities need to take steps
14、to bring it under【C12】_. Recently, some universities have experimented with【C13】_information about the grade distribution for each course either online or on student transcripts. So, if employers are aware that grades in a particular course were high, they might be less【C14】_with the students who ea
15、rned those grades. Thus, students might seek out tougher courses,【C15】_professors to offer such courses in【C16】_. The administration of Princeton issued a【C17】_that no more than 35 percent of grades awarded in undergraduate courses should be in the A range. These steps may not be【C18】_with students
16、and professors, but its necessary to prevent higher education from【C19】_into Lake Wobegon “where. all the children are above【C20】_.“（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.suggestionB.subjectC.studyD.opinion(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.helpfulB.successfulC.skillfulD.awful(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.removesB.providesC.injectsD.im
17、poses(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.fixedB.cappedC.locatedD.given(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.lowB.startC.middleD.top(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.supervisionB.compressionC.exclusionD.conversion(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.wayB.developmentC.anchorD.indicator(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.tolerantB.remarkableC.thoughtfulD.familiar(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.relat
18、iveB.relatedC.relevantD.equal(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.opportunityB.commitmentC.supportD.pressure(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.ThereforeC.BesidesD.Moreover(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.considerationB.discussionC.controlD.attack(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.publishingB.determiningC.combiningD.contrasting(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）
19、A.patientB.concernedC.impressedD.disappointed(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.distractingB.enhancingC.restrictingD.motivating(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.advanceB.excitementC.detailsD.response(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.creditB.guidelineC.lawD.command(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.popularB.crucialC.manageableD.special(19).【C19】（分数：2.00
20、）A.turningB.lookingC.fadingD.converting(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.horizonB.proficiencyC.averageD.guidance考研英语（完形填空）模拟试卷 158 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A,
21、B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Parents and students are now relying less on taking out loans and more on grants, scholarships and their own income and savings, according to a new report from Sallie Mae. “Over the last few years theyre considering cost more.【C1】_applying for bank loans, theyre making【C2】_de
22、cisions to save on their college【C3】_,“ says Sarah Ducich, an author of the report. The large private lender, in conjunction with Ipsos Public Affairs,【C4】_in its seventh annual report that more than half of the cost of college is【C5】_by grants and scholarships, as well as parent income and savings.
23、 The average family also【C6】_less on parent and student loans, which【C7】_for 7 percent and 15 percent of the cost,【C8】_. “But one of the most【C9】_findings of the report,“ Ducich says, “is that【C10】_soaring tuition and fees, families【C11】_in the value of college has remained strong.“ Nearly all of th
24、e 1,600 parents and students【C12】_said they believed that college is an【C13】_in the future, nearly 90 percent said its needed for a(n) 【C14】_occupation and about 86 percent said they would be【C15】_to stretch financially to pay for college. And although more than two-thirds of families said they plan
25、ned on borrowing, at least as a last【C16】_. many are increasingly looking for【C17】_to cut costs. Nearly all families reported taking at least one step to make college more【C18】_and on average families took five steps. Seven in 10 said they chose a(n) 【C19】_college to pay in-state tuition and more th
26、an half said they lived at home or with【C20】_.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.Apart fromB.Instead of C.Regardless ofD.Because of解析：解析：本空格后提到的 applying for bank loans(申请贷款)与后半句的 save on their college(节约读大学)明显地形成转折，故选 B 项 Instead of“代替，而不用”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.stubbornB.vagueC.boldD.deliberate 解析：解析：从空格后的
27、 save 可知这里是说家长决定要节约，而上一句提到过去几年里他们更多地考虑成本因素，此处需填入能呼应上一句 considering“考虑”的词，D 项 deliberate“深思熟虑的”符合要求。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.compensationsB.bills C.postagesD.correspondences解析：解析：此处需填入对应于上一句 cost 的词，再结合第 1 句提到的家长和学生少贷款并多申请奖学金，判断这里要节约大学学费，最符合此意的是 B 项 bills“账单”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.proposedB.questionedC.found
28、D.imagined解析：解析：空格前的 The large private lender 是一个借贷机构，指的是第 1 句提到的 Sallie Mae，本句后面的 grants and scholarships 等词不但与第一句重合，而且下一句还有具体数据。由此判断这里是在介绍 Sallie Mae 的具体报告内容，故选与第 1 段 according to 近义的词，C 项 found“发现”符合要求。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.controlledB.deletedC.boostedD.covered 解析：解析：根据第 1 句提到的“家长和学生少贷款并多申请奖学金”，应填入表
29、达“大学的学费大多用助学金和家长的储蓄来支付”的词，故选 D 项 covered“支付”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.broughtB.passedC.carriedD.counted 解析：解析：本句是在重复第 1 句的意思，故此处需要一个动词对应第一句的 relying less on故选 D项 counted，count on 意为“依赖”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.appliedB.accounted C.soughtD.exchanged解析：解析：空格前 which 指上文的 parent and student loans，空格后又提到“成本的 7和15”，
30、推断此处是说明贷款在上学成本中的比重，故选 B 项 accounted，account for 意为“占”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.respectively B.fortunatelyC.scientificallyD.conversely解析：解析：本句在阐述家长和学生用贷款来交学费的情况，本空格前是 2 个数据，结合本空前是一个逗号，判断这里要表示出家长贷款和学生贷款“各自”所占比重，故选 A 项 respectively“分别地”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.flexibleB.imaginativeC.striking D.stable解析：解析：本句开头的 B
31、ut 说明与上一段形成转折，上一段只提到了这份报告中的一个发现“家长和学生少贷款并多申请奖学金”，而本段是另一发现，要跟上一段形成转折，只能是更令人惊讶的发现了，故选 C 项 striking“显著的”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.amongB.despite C.exceptD.like解析：解析：soaring tuition and fees 是说“学杂费不断上涨”，而下半句的 value of college 和remained strong 表明人们对大学的价值很看重，前后半句形成一种转折关系，故选 B 项 despite“尽管”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）
32、A.disapprovalB.associationC.communicationD.belief 解析：解析：本句是说人们对大学价值的看法，从下一句的 future，needed 及 stretch financially 等词可知人们很认可大学的价值，故选 D 项 belief“信念”，此词也对应下一句的 believed。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.surveyed B.dismissedC.directedD.discriminated解析：解析：本句用数据在举例说明上一句的人们对大学价值的看法，这是报告的一个发现，而根据常理可知正式的报告数据是要经过“调查研究”才能对外
33、发布的，故选 A 项 surveyed“调查”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.introductionB.applicationC.investment D.invention解析：解析：根据上一句的 the value of college 及 remained strong，再结合后面的 2 个例子中的needed 和 stretch financially，推断此处应该填入对大学在未来的价值表示肯定的词，故选 C 项investment“投资”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.familiarB.desired C.riskyD.idle解析：解析：从上一句的 va
34、lue of college 及 remained strong 可知人们很肯定大学的价值，故选 B 项desired“渴望的”，表示“人们认为上大学是求得满意工作的必备条件”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.willing B.reluctantC.supposedD.impossible解析：解析：从上一句的 value of college 及 remained strong 等词可知人们很肯定大学的价值，所以让他们 stretch financially(穷尽储蓄)来支付学费，他们应该也会同意的，故选 A 项 willing，be willing to do 意为“愿意做某事
35、”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.resort B.resultC.matterD.dilemma解析：解析：从后半句的“越来越多人寻求以减少成本”说明会采用其他方式而非借款解决学费，再结合空格前表让步的 at lesst，断定人们即使借钱，那也是最后一个使用的办法，故选 A 项 resort，as a last resort 意为“万不得已”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.ways B.advantagesC.influencesD.implications解析：解析：下一句是对本句的举例说明，因此此处需填入对应下一句 steps 的词，故选 A 项 ways“方法”
36、。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.valuableB.dependableC.affordable D.compatible解析：解析：本句承接上一句的意思，说所有受访的家庭都至少采取一个措施来让大学变得，再根据上一句的 cut costs，断定节省成本肯定是要让大学更加的实惠，故选 C 项 affordable“付得起的”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.topB.famousC.internationalD.local 解析：解析：上两句提到要人们要采取措施来省钱，而本句的 in-state tuition 就是较为省钱的学费，能支付这种学费的，肯定是州内大学了，故选
37、D 项 local“当地的”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.tenantsB.relatives C.foreignersD.householders解析：解析：or 表明其前后的意思相近，要想省钱除了住家里，还可以住亲戚家里，故选 B 项relatives“亲戚”Harvard professor Harvey Mansfield stirred up controversy recently by criticizing the violent grade inflation at his institution, stating, “I was told that the m
38、ost frequently given grade at Harvard right now is an A-.“ A recent【C1】_of 200 colleges and universities also found that more than 40 percent of all grades awarded were in the A range. Some argue that these inflated grades are【C2】_for the competitive job market, but at the national level it is a neg
39、ative-sum game that【C3】_serious costs on society. Because grades are【C4】_at A or A+, grade inflation results in a greater concentration of students at the【C5】_of the distribution. This【C6】_of grades diminishes their value as a(n) 【C7】_of student abilities. There is also evidence that【C8】_grading red
40、uces student effort. As giving low grades puts students at a disadvantage【C9】_to their peers, professors face strong【C10】_to award inflated grades. 【C11】_universities need to take steps to bring it under【C12】_. Recently, some universities have experimented with【C13】_information about the grade distr
41、ibution for each course either online or on student transcripts. So, if employers are aware that grades in a particular course were high, they might be less【C14】_with the students who earned those grades. Thus, students might seek out tougher courses,【C15】_professors to offer such courses in【C16】_.
42、The administration of Princeton issued a【C17】_that no more than 35 percent of grades awarded in undergraduate courses should be in the A range. These steps may not be【C18】_with students and professors, but its necessary to prevent higher education from【C19】_into Lake Wobegon “where. all the children
43、 are above【C20】_.“（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.suggestionB.subjectC.study D.opinion解析：解析：found 后宾语从句的主语 more than 40 percent of all grades awarded(40以上的给分)应指上文提及的“200 所学院和大学中的 40%以上”，故推断这是对这 200 所学校调查后得出的结论，因此选 C 项 study“研究”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.helpful B.successfulC.skillfulD.awful解析：解析：本句后半句的 but 表明
44、前后半句意思相反，后半句中的 negative 和 cost 等词表明这里是在说负面效果，所以判断前半句是对给高分的正面评价。故选 A 项 helpful“有帮助的”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.removesB.providesC.injectsD.imposes 解析：解析：空格前后的 negative，serious costs 等贬义词表明此处需要一个能接贬义词作宾语的谓语动词，D 项符合要求，imposeson意为“将强加于”，此处指“此种负和游戏把严重的成本强加于社会”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.fixedB.capped C.locatedD.given解析
45、：解析：根据常理我们知道分数最高就是 A 或 A+，且上文提及“大部分学生都被给予 A 一的分数”，这才会造成下半句的“大部分学生的分数集中”，因此选 B 项 capped“限制”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.lowB.startC.middleD.top 解析：解析：根据第 1、2 句的“现在大学最常给 A 一”，再联系常理能给的最高分就是 A+，可知这会导致分数更集中于高分段，故选 D 项 top“顶部”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.supervisionB.compression C.exclusionD.conversion解析：解析：This 指代上一句的“学生分
46、数集中”，所以此处需要填入与 concentration“集中”意思相近的词，故选 B 项，compression of grades 意为“分数的集中”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.wayB.developmentC.anchorD.indicator 解析：解析：空格前 their 指代 grades“分数”，as 一词意为“作为”，修饰的是 their value,根据常理我们知道分数在一定程度上能说明个人能力，故选 D 项 indicator“指示(者)”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.tolerant B.remarkableC.thoughtfulD.famili
47、ar解析：解析：前两句说的是给分过高带来的负面后果，本句的 also 和 evidence“证据”说明此处还是说给高分这种做法，故选 A 项 tolerant“宽容的”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.relative B.relatedC.relevantD.equal解析：解析：at a disadvantage 意思是“处于劣势”，而空格前为“被打了低分的学生”，空格后为“他们的同龄人”，推断此处是把这两拨人作比较，故选 A 项，relative to 表示“相对于”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.opportunityB.commitmentC.supportD.pressure 解析：解析：前两句提到给分过高带来的负面后果，而下一段第 1 句就提到要采取措施改变这种情况，故判断本句还是延续这种负面后果。符合这种负面意思的是 D 项 pressure“压力”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.HoweverB.Therefore C.BesidesD.Moreover解析：解析：上一段说给高分带来的负面后果，而本句提到“必须采取措施”，故判断上段和本段之间存在因果关系，因此选 B 项 Therefore“因此”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.consider
