1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 83 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation
2、and Development) countries, in particular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an 【C1】_burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but【C2】_retirement could help. Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal, but it is a socially【C3】_on
3、e, and makes the present public pension system difficult to sustain for long. The【C4】_reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the【C5】_of those in work for their income. The 【C6】_is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and【
4、C7】_life expectancy in OECD countries will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double【C8】_size. Public pension payments, which afford 30-80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are【C9】_to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage
5、 points in some countries.【C10】_is the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today“s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they【C11】_for. Action is needed,【C12】_simply aiming to reduce the【C13】_(and cost) of public pensions, or trying to 【C14】_the role of privately fun
6、ded pensions within the system, though necessary steps, may be【C15】_to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of【C16】_early retirement schemes to avoid【C17】_and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking【C18】_persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely, the thi
7、nking goes, if we are healthier now and jobs are physically less【C19】_and unemployment is down, then perhaps the【C20】_rate should rise anew.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.unsolvableB.additionalC.unsustainableD.undue(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.delayingB.retainingC.detainingD.hindering(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.ultimate
8、B.unattainableC.specificD.expensive(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.substantialB.essentialC.potentialD.controversial(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.donatingB.sponsoringC.subsidizingD.funding(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.outlookB.outcomeC.outbreakD.outset(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.prolongingB.expandingC.soaringD.rising(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.inB.onC.
9、byD.for(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.conceivedB.reckonedC.expectedD.meant(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.AsB.SuchC.SoD.It(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.should payB.payingC.be paidD.would pay(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.butB.forC.andD.thus(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.multitudeB.implementationC.applicationD.generosity(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.exaggerate
10、B.augmentC.magnifyD.multiply(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.insufficientB.influentialC.inefficientD.intrinsic(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.advancingB.previousC.aheadD.preceding(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.suspensionsB.abundancesC.redundanciesD.discrepancies(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.forB.toC.aboutD.at(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.turbulentB.
11、strenuousC.compactD.intricate(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.dependencyB.fertilityC.presentD.mortalityShopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century.【C1】_in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a to
12、wn. This street was【C2】_on both sides with many【C3】_businesses. Here, shoppers walked into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries.【C4】_, some shops offered【C5】_. These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe-repair stores, and barber or hairdressing
13、 shops.【C6】_ in the 1950s, a change began to【C7】_. Too many automobiles had crowded into Main Street【C8】_too few parking places were【C9】_shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces【C10】_the city limits. Open space is what their car-driving cus
14、tomers needed. And open space is what they got【C11】_the first shopping centre was built. Shopping centres, or rather malls,【C12】_as a collection of small new stores【C13】_crowded city centres.【C14】_by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from【C15】_areas to outlying malls. And the
15、 growing【C16】_of shopping centres led【C17】_to the building of bigger and better stocked stores.【C18】_the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the【C19】_of one-stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks,【C20】_bench
16、es, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.As early asB.EarlyC.Early asD.Earlier(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.builtB.designedC.intentedD.lined(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.variedB.variousC.sortedD.mixed-up(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.Apart fromB.HoweverC.In additionD.As well(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.medical car
17、eB.foodC.cosmeticsD.services(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.SuddenlyB.AbruptlyC.ContrarilyD.But(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.be taking placeB.take placeC.be taken placeD.have taken place(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.whileB.yetC.thoughD.and then(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.available forB.available toC.used byD.ready for(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.over
18、B.fromC.out ofD.outside(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.whenB.whileC.sinceD.then(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.startedB.foundedC.set upD.organized(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.out ofB.away fromC.next toD.near(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.AttractedB.SurprisedC.DelightedD.Enjoyed(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.innerB.centralC.shoppingD.downtown(16).【C
19、16】（分数：2.00）A.distinctionB.fameC.popularityD.liking(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.onB.in turnC.by turnsD.further(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.ByB.DuringC.InD.Towards(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.cheapnessB.readinessC.convenienceD.handiness(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.because ofB.andC.withD.provided考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 83 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：
20、90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Aging poses a serious challenge to OECD (Organization of Economic Co-operation and Development) countries, in part
21、icular, how to pay for future public pension liabilities. And early retirement places an 【C1】_burden on pension financing. There is no easy solution, but【C2】_retirement could help. Early retirement may seem like a worthy individual goal, but it is a socially【C3】_one, and makes the present public pen
22、sion system difficult to sustain for long. The【C4】_reason is that more people are retiring early and living longer. That means more retirees depending on the【C5】_of those in work for their income. The 【C6】_is worrying. In the next 50 years, low fertility rates and【C7】_life expectancy in OECD countri
23、es will cause this old-age dependency rate to roughly double【C8】_size. Public pension payments, which afford 30-80% of total retirement incomes in OECD countries, are【C9】_to rise, on average, by over three percentage points in GDP and by as much as eight percentage points in some countries.【C10】_is
24、the pressure on pension funds that there is a danger of today“s workers not getting the pensions they expected or felt they【C11】_for. Action is needed,【C12】_simply aiming to reduce the【C13】_(and cost) of public pensions, or trying to 【C14】_the role of privately funded pensions within the system, tho
25、ugh necessary steps, may be【C15】_to deal with the dependency challenge. After years of【C16】_early retirement schemes to avoid【C17】_and higher unemployment, many governments are now looking【C18】_persuading people to stay in work until they are older. Surely, the thinking goes, if we are healthier now
26、 and jobs are physically less【C19】_and unemployment is down, then perhaps the【C20】_rate should rise anew.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.unsolvableB.additionalC.unsustainable D.undue解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。空格处的形容词修饰 burden 表示“提早退休给退休金的融资带来了负担”。下文第二段提出，“提早退休使当前的公共养老金系统难以持久”。由此可知，文中强调的是其不可持续性，Cunsustainable 意为“无法维
27、持的，不可持续的”，符合文意，为正确答案。unsolvable“不能解决的”；additional“额外的，附加的”；undue“不适当的，过度的”，均不符合题意。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.delaying B.retainingC.detainingD.hindering解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处所在句意为：没有什么简单的解决方案，但_退休(年龄)可能有所帮助。前文提到，提早退休给退休金的融资带来了负担，空格前用“but”做转折。因此，所填词应与“early”相对，Adelaying 意为“耽搁，延迟”，符合句意，为正确答案。retaining“保持，保留”；detaini
28、ng“扣留，留住”；hinder“妨碍，阻碍(行动或发展)”，均不符合题意。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.ultimateB.unattainableC.specificD.expensive 解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。空格处所在句意为：提早退休可能看起来是个值得追求的个人目标，但对于社会来说却是_。由句中的连接词“but”可知，提早退休对个人和社会来说会造成两种相反的影响。由下文可知，它会使现有的公共养老金系统难以持久。Dexpensive“昂贵的，费钱的”，符合文意，为正确答案。ultimate“最终的，根本的”；unattainable“无法实现的”：specific“明确的”
29、，均不符合题意。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.substantialB.essential C.potentialD.controversial解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。空格处所在句意为：_原因是更多的人退休早而寿命却更长。本段下文都在论述这一原因，可见它是很重要的。Bessential“实质的，基本的”，符合句意，为正确答案。substantial“大量的，重大的”，常指因为数量大而重要；potential“潜在的，可能的”；controversial“有争议的”，均不符合题意。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.donatingB.sponsoringC.subsidizing
30、D.funding 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。四个选项均有“提供资金”的含义，donate 意为“捐赠，捐献”，一般接表示具体物体、金钱的名词，所赠的对象一般是慈善机构或事业；sponsor 意为“赞助(活动等)”；subsidize 意为“补助，给发津贴”；fund 意为“为提供资金，资助”，文中说的是在职者“资助”而非“捐赠、赞助或者补助”，故答案为 Dfunding。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.outlook B.outcomeC.outbreakD.outset解析：解析：考查名词辨析。根据下文“In the next 50 years”可知，接下来是对将来可能发生情况的预测
31、，Aoutlook 意为“前景”，符合文意，代入句中，表示“这一前景是令人担忧的”。故答案为A。outcome“结果”；outbreak“(战争的)爆发，(疾病的)发作”；outset“开始，开端”，均不符合题意。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.prolongingB.expandingC.soaringD.rising 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处所在的句意为：未来 50 年，经合组织国家的低出生率和预期寿命的_将使这一老年依赖率提高大约一倍。Drising“上升的”，符合文意，为正确选项。prolong 意为“延长，拖长”；expand 意为“展开，扩大”；soar 意为“突然上
32、升”，均不符合题意。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.in B.onC.byD.for解析：解析：考查介词辨析。空格处填入的介词连接“double”与“size”，表示“在大小方面加倍”，Ain“在方面，关于”，符合句意，为正确答案。其他三项均不符合题意。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.conceivedB.reckonedC.expected D.meant解析：解析：考查动词辨析。be expected to 意为“被预期”，代入文中，意为“公共退休金的支出有望上升”，符合文意，故 Cexpected 为正确答案。conceive“构思，构想”，意思与上下文不符；reckon“估
33、计，猜想”与 mean“打算”都不能构成 be+ved+to do 搭配。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.AsB.Such C.SoD.It解析：解析：考查惯用搭配。Suchthat 为习惯搭配，意为“以至于”，空格处所在句子为倒装句，such 在句首，起强调作用。句意为：养老基金的压力如此之大以至于现在的工人有得不到他们认为应该得到的养老金的危险。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.should payB.payingC.be paid D.would pay解析：解析：考查语法知识。此处为虚拟语气的省略结构。根据语境可知，空格前的 they 指代将被付给退休金的工人，所以要
34、用被动语态。又因为“felt”在这里表示“认为，想”，后接虚拟语气，即should+动词原形，should 可省略。因此 Cbe paid 正确。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.but B.forC.andD.thus解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。根据语境可知，空格处所在句子的含义是：行动是必需的，_仅仅试图减少公共养老金的_或_系统内私有养老金的作用，尽管是必要的，但在应对这种依赖挑战方面仍是_。可见二者是转折关系，因此 Abut 正确。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.multitudeB.implementationC.applicationD.generosity 解析：
35、解析：考查上下文语义及名词辨析。第二段末句提到“养老金的”压力太大了，第三段首句则提出“需要采取行动”。由此推出后面的内容应围绕如何减压展开讨论。Dgenerosity“慷慨”，代入句中，表示“现在的养老金支出过于慷慨，需要减少”，符合文意，故答案为 D。multitude 与 reduce 搭配，意为“减小的数量”，不符合文意；implementation“实施，执行”，通常不直接做 reduce 的宾语；application“申请”后面应接介词 for，三项均不符合题意。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.exaggerateB.augment C.magnifyD.multipl
36、y解析：解析：考查动词辨析。根据语境可知，空格处所在句意为：_私人养老金在系统中的作用。Baugment 表示“扩大，增加(某事的价值、数量、结果等)”，符合文意，为正确答案。exaggerate“夸大，夸张”，magnify“放大，扩大”，二者均表示“实际大小没变而夸大或使看起来大”；multiply“增大”，不与“the role”搭配，三项均不符合题意。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.insufficient B.influentialC.inefficientD.intrinsic解析：解析：考查上下文语义及形容词辨析。空格处所在句意为：尽管是必要的，但在应对这种依赖挑战方面
37、仍是_。Ainsufficient 意为“不够的”，符合语境，为正确答案。influential“有很大影响的”；inefficient“无效率的”；intrinsic“固有的，内在的”，均不符合题意。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.advancing B.previousC.aheadD.preceding解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。空格处所在句意为：前些年为了避免及高失业，政府采取_早退休的方案，Aadvancing 意为“提前的，超前的”，符合句意，为正确选项。previous“早先的”；ahead“在前，提前”，要放在所修饰的名词之后；preceding“在前的，前述的”，均
38、不符合题意。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.suspensionsB.abundancesC.redundancies D.discrepancies解析：解析：考查名词辨析。空格处所在句意为：前些年为了避免_及高失业，政府采取提前退休的方案。Credundancies 意为“裁员，解雇”，符合文意，为正确答案。suspensions“暂停，中止”；abundances“丰富，充裕”；discrepancies“差异，矛盾”，均不符合题意。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.forB.toC.aboutD.at 解析：解析：考查动词短语辨析。look for 意为“寻找，寻求”
39、；look to 意为“朝看；依赖，指望”；look about“环视，审时度势”；look at“研究考虑”。根据语境可知，空格处句意为：前些年为了避免下岗及高失业率，政府采取提早退休的方案，而现在许多政府正考虑劝说人们晚点退休。故选 Dat。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.turbulentB.strenuous C.compactD.intricate解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。根据语境可知，句子意在说明“现在的工作在生理上不如以前_”。Bstrenuous“费劲的，需要极端努力的”，符合句意，为正确答案。turbulent“(气候)狂暴的，(时代)动荡不安的”，一般不与 jo
40、b 搭配；compact“紧密的，密集的”，intricate“错综复杂的”，二者一般不用于从生理上说明工作的性质。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.dependencyB.fertilityC.present D.mortality解析：解析：考查上下文语义及名词辨析。空格处所在句意为：如果现在我们更加健康了、工作对体力的要求降低了、失业率也降低了，那么(工作)_可能也该重新上升了。present rate 表示“出席率”，符合文意，故 Cpresent 正确。dependency rate“依赖率”；fertility rate“出生率”；mortality rate “死亡率”，
41、均不符合题意。Shopping habits in the United States have changed greatly in the last quarter of the 20th century.【C1】_in the 1900s most American towns and cities had a Main Street. Main Street was always in the heart of a town. This street was【C2】_on both sides with many【C3】_businesses. Here, shoppers walke
42、d into stores to look at all sorts of merchandise: clothing, furniture, hardware, groceries.【C4】_, some shops offered【C5】_. These shops included drugstores, restaurants, shoe-repair stores, and barber or hairdressing shops.【C6】_ in the 1950s, a change began to【C7】_. Too many automobiles had crowded
43、into Main Street【C8】_too few parking places were【C9】_shoppers. Because the streets were crowded, merchants began to look with interest at the open spaces【C10】_the city limits. Open space is what their car-driving customers needed. And open space is what they got【C11】_the first shopping centre was bu
44、ilt. Shopping centres, or rather malls,【C12】_as a collection of small new stores【C13】_crowded city centres.【C14】_by hundreds of free parking space, customers were drawn away from【C15】_areas to outlying malls. And the growing【C16】_of shopping centres led【C17】_to the building of bigger and better stoc
45、ked stores.【C18】_the late 1970s, many shopping malls had almost developed into small cities themselves. In addition to providing the【C19】_of one-stop shopping, malls were transformed into landscaped parks,【C20】_benches, fountains, and outdoor entertainment.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.As early asB.E
46、arly C.Early asD.Earlier解析：解析：考查词义辨析。As early as 意为“同一样早”；Early 是副词，“早期”的意思；Earlier 是比较级，“较早”的意思。根据语境可知，此处要表达的意思为“早期”，因此 BEarly 正确。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.builtB.designedC.intentedD.lined 解析：解析：考查动词辨析。本句的意思是“街道的两旁一很多各种各样的商店”，build 意为“建造，修建”；design 意为“设计”；intend 意为“打算”；line 意为“沿排列”，根据句意可知 Dlined正确。(3).【C3
47、】（分数：2.00）A.variedB.various C.sortedD.mixed-up解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。varied 意为“变化多端的”；various 意为“各种各样的”；sorted 意为“分类的”；mixed-up 意为“困惑的，迷惘的，不适应社会的”。根据语境可知，此处意为“各种各样的商店”，故选 Bvarious。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.Apart fromB.HoweverC.In addition D.As well解析：解析：考查词义辨析。本句的意思是“_各种各样的商店销售各种各样的商品，有些商店还提供_”。CIn addition 意为“此外”，可单独使用，符合文意，为正确答案。Apart from 意为“除此之外”，后必须接名词或动名词；However 是连词，“然而”的意思；As well 用在句末，三项均不符合题意。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.medical careB.foodC.cosmeticsD.services 解析：解析：考查名词辨析。medical care 意为“医疗
