1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 59 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_With 950 million people, India ranks second to China among the most populous co
2、untries. But since China【C1】_a family planning program in 1971, India has been closing the【C2】_. Indians have reduced their birth rate but not nearly 【C3】_the Chinese have. If current growth rates continue, India“ s population will【C4】_China“ s around the year 2028【C5】_about 1.7 billion. Should that
3、 happen, it won“t be the【C6】_of the enlightened women of Kerala, a state in southern India.【C7】_ India as a whole adds almost 20 million people a year, Kerala“s population is virtually【C8】_. The reason is no mystery: nearly two-thirds of Kerala women practice birth control, 【C9】_about 40% in the ent
4、ire nation. The difference【C10】_the emphasis put on health programs【C11】_birth control by the state authorities, 【C12】_in 1957 became India“s first elected Communist【C13】_ . And an educational tradition and matrilineal customs in parts of Kerala help girls and boys get 【C14】_good schooling. While on
5、e in three Indian women is【C15】_, 90% of those in Kerala can read and write. Higher literacy rates【C16】_family planning. “Unlike our parents, we know that we can do more for our children if we have【C17】_of them,“ says Laila Cherian, 33, who lives in the village of Kudamaloor. She has limited herself
6、 【C18】_ three childrenone below the national【C19】_of four. That kind of restraint will keep Kerala from putting added【C20】_on world food supplies.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.discoveredB.circulatedC.launchedD.transmitted(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.gapB.topC.bitD.bet(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.as many asB.as well asC.
7、as soon asD.as much as(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.shakeB.passC.rocketD.impress(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.onB.inC.atD.for(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.forceB.fightC.假D.fault(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.WhileB.SinceC.BecauseD.Suppose(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.reliableB.stableC.countableD.flexible(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.benefited fromB.involved withC.c
8、ompared withD.resulted from(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.lies inB.shows offC.results inD.departs from(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.revivingB.includingC.practicingD.containing(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.thatB.sinceC.whatD.which(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.groupB.allianceC.governmentD.bureau(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.equallyB.officiallyC.s
9、harplyD.proudly(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.culturalB.literateC.nativeD.responsible(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.fosterB.hamperC.reformD.advocate(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.lessB.moreC.fewerD.better(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.inB.atC.asD.to(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.statisticsB.averageC.tendencyD.category(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.increaseB.
10、challengeC.pressureD.complaintParenthood isn“t a career-killer. In fact, economists with two or more kids tend to produce more research, not less, than their one-child or childless colleagues. But female economists【C1】_can pay a price in terms of productivity after becoming mothers, especially【C2】_t
11、hey“re young or unmarried. That“ s according to a new research from the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. There is widespread【C3】_that motherhood is【C4】_costly in terms of professional career advancement. “In particular, it is often【C5】_that the only way for young women to【C6】_ a challenging career
12、 is to remain childless,“ they wrote. Our study of the academic labor market arrives at a somewhat less【C7】_ picture: We do not observe a family gap in research productivity among female academic economists. 【C8】_, motherhood-induced decreases in research productivity are less pronounced than usuall
13、y purported. The authors in early 2012【C9】_about 10, 000 economists through the Research Papers in Economics online platform, 【C10】_the academics“ answers with their publication records. They gauged an economist“ s productivity【C11】_looking at their output: published research, weighted by journal 【C
14、12】_. Among their findings: Mothers of at least two children are, 【C13】_ , more productive than mothers of only one child, and mothers in general are more【C14】_than childless women. Fathers of 【C15】_two children are also more productive than fathers of one child and childless men. Toward the end of
15、their careers, however, childless men appear to be somewhat more productive than fathers of one child. Parenthood does appear linked to【C16】_productivity while the children are 12 and younger: mothers average a 17.4% loss, while fathers average a 5% loss. A female economist with three children, on a
16、verage, 【C17】_ the equivalent of four years of research【C18】_by the time her kids become teenagers. Women who are married or in a【C19】_ relationship do not have any drop in research productivity in the three years following childbirth. For single mothers, research output drops by roughly a third【C20
17、】_the same period.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.in principleB.in turnC.in additionD.in particular(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.whenB.ifC.becauseD.unless(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.foundationB.traditionC.convictionD.phenomenon(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.extremelyB.largelyC.obviouslyD.oppositely(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.insistedB.arguedC
18、.judgedD.concluded(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.makeB.chooseC.takeD.engage(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.idealB.desirableC.drearyD.agreeable(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.ThereforeB.MoreoverC.OtherwiseD.However(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.collectedB.claimedC.investigatedD.surveyed(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.matchingB.comparingC.classifyingD.lining(11
19、).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.withB.fromC.byD.in(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.sizeB.nameC.quantityD.quality(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.for exampleB.on averageC.in principleD.above all(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.productiveB.successfulC.laboriousD.effective(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.smartB.naughtyC.at leastD.at best(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.incre
20、aseB.lowerC.affectD.promote(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.losesB.gainsC.influencesD.changes(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.papersB.resultsC.workD.output(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.flexibleB.stableC.balancedD.variable(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.overB.forC.amongD.to考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 59 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：12
21、0.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：With 950 million people, India ranks second to China among the most populous countries. But since China【C1】_a family planning program in 1971, India
22、 has been closing the【C2】_. Indians have reduced their birth rate but not nearly 【C3】_the Chinese have. If current growth rates continue, India“ s population will【C4】_China“ s around the year 2028【C5】_about 1.7 billion. Should that happen, it won“t be the【C6】_of the enlightened women of Kerala, a st
23、ate in southern India.【C7】_ India as a whole adds almost 20 million people a year, Kerala“s population is virtually【C8】_. The reason is no mystery: nearly two-thirds of Kerala women practice birth control, 【C9】_about 40% in the entire nation. The difference【C10】_the emphasis put on health programs【C
24、11】_birth control by the state authorities, 【C12】_in 1957 became India“s first elected Communist【C13】_ . And an educational tradition and matrilineal customs in parts of Kerala help girls and boys get 【C14】_good schooling. While one in three Indian women is【C15】_, 90% of those in Kerala can read and
25、 write. Higher literacy rates【C16】_family planning. “Unlike our parents, we know that we can do more for our children if we have【C17】_of them,“ says Laila Cherian, 33, who lives in the village of Kudamaloor. She has limited herself 【C18】_ three childrenone below the national【C19】_of four. That kind
26、of restraint will keep Kerala from putting added【C20】_on world food supplies.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.discoveredB.circulatedC.launched D.transmitted解析：解析：考查动词辨析。空格处所填词与 program 相搭配的只有 launch“发动，开始”，launch a family planning program 意为“实行计划生育”。discover 意为“发现，发觉(某样东西)”；circulate 意为“流通，循环”，语义与搭配均与原句
27、不符；transmit 意为“传播，传输”，一般与heat，light，information 等搭配。故选 Claunched。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.gap B.topC.bitD.bet解析：解析：考查名词辨析。本题的答题线索可以首先确定为 close，四个选项中能与 close 语义场共现即形成搭配关系的只有 gap“差距，差异”。此外，从前后文的意思推测，本句要表达的是“自中国于1971 年实行计划生育以来，印度正缩小与中国的差距”，close gap 恰为“缩小差距”之意，故选Agap。top“顶端，顶点”，用法为“climb to the top”或“reach t
28、he top”；bit“一点，少许”；bet“打赌”，语义与搭配均不符。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.as many asB.as well asC.as soon asD.as much as 解析：解析：考查语法结构。注意本句中的转折连词 but，前半句的意思是“印度已经降低了人口出生率”，后半句和前面构成转折关系，意思是“但人口出生率降得没有中国那么多”。所填短语表示降低的程度，故选用 as much as，表示“与一样多”，故选 D。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.shakeB.pass C.rocketD.impress解析：解析：考查动词辨析。本段一直在将印度人口与中
29、国人口作比较。前面已经分析过，印度对人口出生率虽有控制，但不如中国那么有成效。本句假设的情况是“如果按现在的人口出生率继续增长下去”，结果可能就是印度的人口会在 2028 年超过中国，故选 Bpass“超越，超过”。shake“动摇颤抖”，与 population 不搭配；rocket 作“飞速上升”时，为不及物动词，如“The price is rocketing”，故排除；impress“留下印象”，与此处语义不符。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.onB.inC.at D.for解析：解析：考查介词辨析。结合上题，空格处所填词须有“达到，以”的意思。四个选项中只有 Cat有这种用法，
30、指数量，价格，速度，程度等“达到，以”；其他介词均无此用法。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.forceB.fightC.假D.fault 解析：解析：考查词语辨析。从这一段开始，文章转入对 Kerala 州人口状况的说明。联系下文可看出，此州的人口状况与印度全国的人口状况形成了鲜明的对比。即使印度的人口再飞速增长，也不是因为这个州妇女的错。Dfault 意为“过错，毛病”，符合语境，为正确选项。force“力量，武力”，语意不符；fight“打架，战斗”，语意不符；false“错误的，假的”，作形容词，而此处所填应为名词。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.While B.SinceC
31、.BecauseD.Suppose解析：解析：考查逻辑关系。根据上题解释，Kerala 州的人口状况与印度全国的人口状况形成了鲜明的对比，因此空格处应填一个表对比或转折关系的连词。AWhile“虽然，但是”可表转折，符合语境，为正确答案。其余选项 Since“自以来；由于，既然”，只可表因果关系；Because“因为”，也表因果关系；Suppose“假使”，表条件关系，均不符合题意。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.reliableB.stable C.countableD.flexible解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。由上下文的逻辑关系可知，Kerala 州的人口与全国人口增长形成对比，后
32、文中又说到“nearly two-thirds of Kerala women practice birth control”(此州近 23 的妇女实行了计划生育)，因此可知空格所在句意思是“Kerala 州的人口保持在稳定的水平”，故选 Bstable，意为“稳定的，稳固的”。其他选项 reliable“可靠的，可信赖的”，不能修饰 population(人口)，而应修饰 people 或 person；countable“可计算的，可计数的”，语义与逻辑均不符原文；flexible“柔软的，灵活的”，不可用于修饰人口。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.benefited fromB.i
33、nvolved withC.compared with D.resulted from解析：解析：考查动词短语辨析。注意本句空格前后的 Kerala 与 the entire nation 即 India 属上下义词复现关系，那么相应的两个数字 two-thirds 与 40之间肯定是比较关系，故选 Ccompared with，意为“与相比较”，说明“Kerala 州近 23 的妇女进行了计划生育，与之相比较的是，印度全国只有40的妇女进行了计划生育”。其他选项 benefited from“从中获益”；involved with“牵涉，牵连”：resulted from“由产生”，均不符合
34、题意。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.lies in B.shows offC.results inD.departs from解析：解析：考查动词短语辨析。此句说明的是 Kerala 州和印度全国产生差异的原因，空格所填词的主语是 The difference，宾语是 the emphasis 及其所带的修饰成分，因此所缺谓语动词为“原因在于”之意，故选 Alies in“在于”，表示前果后因。其余选项 shows off“炫耀，卖弄”，主语一般为人，而不可以是此处的 difference；results in“导致”，前因后果；departs from“离开，从出发”，语义不符。
35、(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.revivingB.including C.practicingD.containing解析：解析：考查动词辨析。注意空格前后的 health program 与 birth control 是上下义词复现，而且空格处应填词引导的短语的作用是补充说明此健康计划所包含的内容，故选介词 Bincluding“包括，包含”。其余选项 reviving“(使)复兴，(使)复活”，语义不符；practicing“实施，实践”，语义不符；containing 虽有“包含，容纳”之意，但语法不符。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.thatB.sinceC.w
36、hatD.which 解析：解析：考查语法知识。从结构上分析，空格所在句是对其前面的名词 the state authorities 做一些补充说明，空格前用逗号隔开，由此可知空格所填词引导非限制性定语从句，故选 Dwhich。that 不可以引导非限制定语从句，因此看到前面的逗号就可首先排除；since 一般引导原因状语从句；what 多用于引导主语从句，均不符合题意。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.groupB.allianceC.government D.bureau解析：解析：考查名词辨析。由上题的分析知，空格所在句是对 the state authorities 的补充说明
37、，四个选项中与 the state authorities(州政府)同义复现的只有 Cgovernment“政府”。其余选项group“集团，团体”；alliance“联盟，联合”；bureau“局，办公署”均与 the state authorities不属于同一级别。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.equally B.officiallyC.sharplyD.proudly解析：解析：考查副词辨析。注意本句主语是 an educational tradition and matrilineal customs in parts of Kerala，既然 Kerala 州有教育的传
38、统和母系氏族的习俗，就不难判断出，此州的女孩能得到和男孩同样好的教育，所以选 Aequally“相等地，平等地”。officially“官方地，正式地”；proudly“骄傲地，自豪地”，与上下文意思不符；sharply“锐利地，急剧地”不能修饰 good schooling。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.culturalB.literate C.nativeD.responsible解析：解析：考查形容词辨析。While 引导的让步状语从句，与后面的主句形成对比，因此比较的同是妇女的文化状况，空格处所填词应与 read and write 同义复现，所以选 Bliterate，表
39、示“有文化的，有阅读和写作能力的”。其余选项 cultural“文化的，文化上的”；native“本国的，本土的”；responsible“有责任的，负责的”，均不符合题意(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.foster B.hamperC.reformD.advocate解析：解析：考查动词辨析。注意本句中主语 Higher literacy rates，与宾语 family planning 是因果关系，更高的文化水平自然有助于进行人口控制。在四个选项中，可以首先排除 hamper“妨碍，牵制”与 reform“改革，革新”；advocate“提倡，鼓吹”，虽与 foster“培养，
40、鼓励”意思相近，但advocate 要以人作为主语，而 foster 也可以物作主语，故选 Afoster。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.lessB.moreC.fewer D.better解析：解析：考查语法知识。综合前文意思，此处 Laila Cherian 旨在说明她们与父辈们不同，要的孩子少，自然是因为“如果孩子要得少，就可以为他们做得更多”，所以正确答案为 Cfewer。less 用于修饰不可数名词，不能修饰此处的 children。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.inB.atC.asD.to 解析：解析：考查惯用搭配。空格处所填词要与 limited 搭配，在
41、四个选项中，只有 Dto 与 limit 结构同现，意为“限于”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.statisticsB.average C.tendencyD.category解析：解析：考查名词辨析。此处是将：Kerala 妇女 Laila Cherian 的生育情况与全国的生育情况作对比，据常识可以推断这里的 4 个孩子应是全国妇女的平均生育值，故选 Baverage，意思是“平均水平，平均数”。其他选项 statistics“统计，统计数字”；tendency“倾向，趋向”；category“种类，类别”，均不符合题意。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.increas
42、eB.challengeC.pressure D.complaint解析：解析：考查固定搭配。此句的谓语结构是 keepfrom，意思是“使得不能”。空格处应填的词要说明这种克制(即计划生育)将使得 Kerala 不会对世界食品供应再施加。put pressure on 意为“对施加压力”，为固定搭配，因此 Cpressure“压力，压迫”，符合语境，为正确选项。increase“增加，增长”，与 added 矛盾；challenge“挑战”；complaint“抱怨，牢骚”，均与上下文语境不符。Parenthood isn“t a career-killer. In fact, econom
43、ists with two or more kids tend to produce more research, not less, than their one-child or childless colleagues. But female economists【C1】_can pay a price in terms of productivity after becoming mothers, especially【C2】_they“re young or unmarried. That“ s according to a new research from the Federal
44、 Reserve Bank of St. Louis. There is widespread【C3】_that motherhood is【C4】_costly in terms of professional career advancement. “In particular, it is often【C5】_that the only way for young women to【C6】_ a challenging career is to remain childless,“ they wrote. Our study of the academic labor market ar
45、rives at a somewhat less【C7】_ picture: We do not observe a family gap in research productivity among female academic economists. 【C8】_, motherhood-induced decreases in research productivity are less pronounced than usually purported. The authors in early 2012【C9】_about 10, 000 economists through the
46、 Research Papers in Economics online platform, 【C10】_the academics“ answers with their publication records. They gauged an economist“ s productivity【C11】_looking at their output: published research, weighted by journal 【C12】_. Among their findings: Mothers of at least two children are, 【C13】_ , more
47、 productive than mothers of only one child, and mothers in general are more【C14】_than childless women. Fathers of 【C15】_two children are also more productive than fathers of one child and childless men. Toward the end of their careers, however, childless men appear to be somewhat more productive than fathers of one child. Parenthood does appear linked to【C16】_productivity while the children are 12 and younger: mothers average a 17.4% loss, while fathers average a 5% loss. A female economist with three children, on average, 【C17】_ the equivalent of four years of research【
