1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 48 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_For the first time, more women than men in the United States received doctoral
2、degrees last year, the climax of decades of change in the status of women at colleges nationwide. The number of women at every level of academia has been【C1】_for decades. Women now hold a nearly 3-to-2【C2】_in undergraduate and graduate education. Doctoral study was the last【C3】_the only remaining ar
3、ea of higher education that still had a(n) 【C4】_male majority. According to an annual【C5】_report from the Council of Graduate Schools, based in Washington, of the doctoral degrees【C6】_in the last academic year, 28,962 went to women and 28,469 to men. Doctoral degrees, which require a(n) 【C7】_of seve
4、n years“ study, are【C8】_the last to show the【C9】_of long-term changes. “It is a【C10】_that has been snaking its way through the educational pipeline,“ said Nathan Bell, the report“s author and the【C11】_of research and policy analysis for the council. “It was【C12】_to happen.“ Women have long outnumber
5、ed men in【C13】_master“s degrees, especially in education. According to the new report, which is based on an【C14】_survey of graduate【C15】_, women earned nearly six in ten graduate degrees in the last academic year. But women who【C16】_to become college professors, a common path for those with doctorat
6、es, were【C17】_by the particular demands of faculty life. Studies have found that the tenure clock often conflicts with the【C18】_clock: The busiest years of the【C19】_career are the years that well-educated women【C20】_to have children. Many women feel they have to choose between having a career in aca
7、demics and having a family.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.extendingB.decreasingC.expandingD.rising(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.majorityB.minorityC.rateD.scale(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.holdoutB.holddownC.holdoverD.holdup(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.leadingB.outstandingC.promisingD.enduring(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.enlargementB.enrollme
8、ntC.fundamentD.management(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.providedB.benefitedC.awardedD.rewarded(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.practiceB.averageC.scheduleD.timetable(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.initiallyB.merelyC.typicallyD.preliminarily(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.compactB.contactC.importD.impact(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.treatyB.trendC.trialD.tribe
9、(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.secretaryB.managerC.directorD.generator(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.boundB.likelyC.obligedD.subject(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.deservingB.realizingC.earningD.selecting(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.weeklyB.annualC.decadeD.monthly(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.institutionsB.constitutionC.substitutionD.organization
10、s(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.despairedB.admiredC.inspiredD.desired(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.blockedB.avoidedC.requiredD.satisfied(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.historicalB.logicalC.mechanicalD.biological(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.literaryB.medicalC.academicD.military(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.intendB.tendC.attendD.extendOptimists ou
11、tlive pessimists, a new study shows. Of nearly 100,000 women【C1】_in the Women“s Health Initiative, those who gave【C2】_answers on a personality test were 9% less likely to【C3】_heart disease within eight yearsand 14% less likely to【C4】_than women who got low optimism【C5】_on the test. TIME“s Alice Park
12、 wrote about an earlier【C6】_of this study in the spring. She writes: 【C7】_studies have indeed documented the life-extending benefits of optimism,【C8】_most of that research has involved only men and has been【C9】_in small numbers. What“s more, not all studies have done a good job of【C10】_out potential
13、ly confusing factors such as health【C11】_and lifestyle. That“s【C12】_makes the new study different “Taking into【C13】_income, education, health behaviors like blood pressure and whether or not you are【C14】_active, whether or not you drink or smoke, we still see optimists with a decreased risk of death
14、 compared to pessimists,“ says Dr. Hilary Tindle, lead author of the study. “I was surprised that the relationship was【C15】_of all of these factors.“ The study also found an interesting and【C16】_disturbing difference in the way that attitude is related to【C17】_for black women vs. white women. Pessim
15、istic black women in the study were 33% more likely to have died after eight years than optimistic black women, while white pessimists were only 13% more likely to have died than their optimistic【C18】_The numbers in the study weren“t large enough to support any【C19】_explanations for this racial gap,
16、 but “there is definitely a suggestion that whites and blacks may be【C20】_in how optimism affects longevity,“ says Tindle.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.emergedB.embracedC.enrolledD.employed(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.cheerfulB.gloomyC.optimisticD.pessimistic(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.growB.developC.advanceD.evolve(4)
17、.【C4】（分数：2.00）A.liveB.disappearC.dieD.exist(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.numbersB.scoresC.marksD.grades(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.versionB.ventureC.veteranD.vessel(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.FollowingB.FutureC.FormerD.Previous(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.sinceB.althoughC.ifD.therefore(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.convertedB.conveyedC.concededD.con
18、ducted(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.weedingB.weepingC.wearingD.weaving(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.costB.stakeC.statueD.status(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.whoC.whatD.where(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.confidenceB.accountC.partnershipD.care(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.physicallyB.mentallyC.materiallyD.legally(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.inten
19、siveB.intelligentC.independentD.influential(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.somewhereB.sometimeC.somehowD.somewhat(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.fateB.lifetimeC.missionD.promotion(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.counterpartsB.contradictionsC.constitutionsD.conventions(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.sensitiveB.offensiveC.primitiveD.definitive(2
20、0).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.alikeB.differentC.typicalD.flexible考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 48 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：For the first time, mor
21、e women than men in the United States received doctoral degrees last year, the climax of decades of change in the status of women at colleges nationwide. The number of women at every level of academia has been【C1】_for decades. Women now hold a nearly 3-to-2【C2】_in undergraduate and graduate educatio
22、n. Doctoral study was the last【C3】_the only remaining area of higher education that still had a(n) 【C4】_male majority. According to an annual【C5】_report from the Council of Graduate Schools, based in Washington, of the doctoral degrees【C6】_in the last academic year, 28,962 went to women and 28,469 t
23、o men. Doctoral degrees, which require a(n) 【C7】_of seven years“ study, are【C8】_the last to show the【C9】_of long-term changes. “It is a【C10】_that has been snaking its way through the educational pipeline,“ said Nathan Bell, the report“s author and the【C11】_of research and policy analysis for the cou
24、ncil. “It was【C12】_to happen.“ Women have long outnumbered men in【C13】_master“s degrees, especially in education. According to the new report, which is based on an【C14】_survey of graduate【C15】_, women earned nearly six in ten graduate degrees in the last academic year. But women who【C16】_to become c
25、ollege professors, a common path for those with doctorates, were【C17】_by the particular demands of faculty life. Studies have found that the tenure clock often conflicts with the【C18】_clock: The busiest years of the【C19】_career are the years that well-educated women【C20】_to have children. Many women
26、 feel they have to choose between having a career in academics and having a family.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.extendingB.decreasingC.expandingD.rising 解析：解析：由上一段的“去年美圉获得博士学位的女性人数首次超过男性”可以推断，处于各个学术水平的女性人数应是在增长，故选 D 项 rising“上升”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.majority B.minorityC.rateD.scale解析：解析：由空格前的 3：2 可知。女
27、性占多数，故选 A 项 majority“大多数”。段末的 majority 是词义复现，也可依据它来答题。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.holdout B.holddownC.holdoverD.holdup解析：解析：破折号后的内容是对此空的解释：高等教育中男性占大多数的唯一自留地。选项中，与此内容相符的是 A 项 holdout“坚持”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.leadingB.outstandingC.promisingD.enduring 解析：解析：由空格前的 remaining(保留的)可推断，高等教育男性一直是占主导地位的领域，D 项enduring“持久
28、的”强调一直以来，符合要求。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.enlargementB.enrollment C.fundamentD.management解析：解析：根据后面提到获得博士学位的人数，可判断只能是在入学报告上获知，故选 B 项enrollment“入学”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.providedB.benefitedC.awarded D.rewarded解析：解析：下文提到 28962 个博士学位授予了女性，而授予男性的博士学位为 28469，据此可推断空格表示“授予的学位”，C 项 awarded“授予的”符合要求。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.p
29、racticeB.average C.scheduleD.timetable解析：解析：通常各个学科攻读博士学位的时间并不固定，所以 7 年只能是个平均数，故选 B 项average“平均的”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.initiallyB.merelyC.typically D.preliminarily解析：解析：此处以读博为例，强调其代表了“时间长而难看出长期性影响”的这一类特征，故选 C 项typically“典型地”，突出其典型性。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.compactB.contactC.importD.impact 解析：解析：文章末段提到女性在读博后想
30、当大学教授，但家庭与学术会存在一定矛盾，可知读博后会带来一系列的影响和变化所以选 D 项 impact“影响”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.treatyB.trend C.trialD.tribe解析：解析：空格后提到在教育界已经慢慢出现(snaking its way through the educational pipeline)，这是一种趋势。故选 B 项 trend“趋势”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.secretaryB.managerC.director D.generator解析：解析：空格跟 the report“s author(该报告的作者)并
31、列，且空格后有修饰语 of research(研究的)，C 项 director“主任，主管”代入，表示“研究主任”这一职位，符合要求。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.bound B.likelyC.obligedD.subject解析：解析：由第 1 段已知，“女博士超过男博士”这一状况已经发生，因此选 A 项 be bound to“必然，必定”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.deservingB.realizingC.earning D.selecting解析：解析：对比本段最后一句和本句，这两句结构相似，该句的 nearly six in ten graduate
32、 degrees 对应本句的 master“s degrees。因此本题应选 C 项 earn“获得”。这里指获得硕士学位的女性比男性多。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.weeklyB.annual C.decadeD.monthly解析：解析：由本句最后部分的 in the last academic year 可以看出，这是以“年”为单位的，故选 B项 annual“年度的”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.institutions B.constitutionC.substitutionD.organizations解析：解析：此处引用的报告是用于证明本段首句(长久以
33、来女性获得硕士学位的人数都超过男性)，硕士学位对应的是研究生院，故选 A 项 institutions“机构”，graduate institutions 指“研究生院”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.despairedB.admiredC.inspiredD.desired 解析：解析：由本段最后一句的“不得不在学术生涯和家庭两者间做出选择”，“学术生涯”跟“家庭”放在同等地位，说明她们喜欢成为大学教授，故选 D 项 desire“渴望”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.blocked B.avoidedC.requiredD.satisfied解析：解析：从下文提到的
34、女性生孩子等问题可知，工作与家庭有一定的冲突，所以这里是指学术生活的特殊要求给女性造成一定的阻碍。故选 A 项 block“阻拦”。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.historicalB.logicalC.mechanicalD.biological 解析：解析：此空应该与 tenure clock 相对，根据后面的内容可知，女性生孩子会影响工作，而生孩子是生理时钟，故选 D 项 biological“生理的”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.literaryB.medicalC.academic D.military解析：解析：上文提到女性任大学教授，但并未提及某个专业，
35、因此应该是学术生涯，故选 C 项academic“学术的”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.intendB.tend C.attendD.extend解析：解析：这里不是强调女性打算生小孩，而是在这个时期，女性往往会生小孩，故选 B 项 tend“易于”，而排除 A 项 intend“打算”。Optimists outlive pessimists, a new study shows. Of nearly 100,000 women【C1】_in the Women“s Health Initiative, those who gave【C2】_answers on a perso
36、nality test were 9% less likely to【C3】_heart disease within eight yearsand 14% less likely to【C4】_than women who got low optimism【C5】_on the test. TIME“s Alice Park wrote about an earlier【C6】_of this study in the spring. She writes: 【C7】_studies have indeed documented the life-extending benefits of
37、optimism,【C8】_most of that research has involved only men and has been【C9】_in small numbers. What“s more, not all studies have done a good job of【C10】_out potentially confusing factors such as health【C11】_and lifestyle. That“s【C12】_makes the new study different “Taking into【C13】_income, education, h
38、ealth behaviors like blood pressure and whether or not you are【C14】_active, whether or not you drink or smoke, we still see optimists with a decreased risk of death compared to pessimists,“ says Dr. Hilary Tindle, lead author of the study. “I was surprised that the relationship was【C15】_of all of th
39、ese factors.“ The study also found an interesting and【C16】_disturbing difference in the way that attitude is related to【C17】_for black women vs. white women. Pessimistic black women in the study were 33% more likely to have died after eight years than optimistic black women, while white pessimists w
40、ere only 13% more likely to have died than their optimistic【C18】_The numbers in the study weren“t large enough to support any【C19】_explanations for this racial gap, but “there is definitely a suggestion that whites and blacks may be【C20】_in how optimism affects longevity,“ says Tindle.（分数：40.00）(1).
41、【C1】（分数：2.00）A.emergedB.embracedC.enrolled D.employed解析：解析：根据下文的 on a personality test(在性格测试中)，结合空格后为机构(妇女健康协会)，可推测这是该机构“注册登记”，因此选 C 项 enroll“登记，使成为的成员”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.cheerfulB.gloomyC.optimistic D.pessimistic解析：解析：全文谈论的是 optimists 和 pessimists，由 than 可知句子是对两者进行比较，比较的另一方是 women who got low opti
42、mism，表示悲观的妇女，则空格的内容应指乐观回答的妇女，故选 C 项optimistic“乐观的”。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.growB.develop C.advanceD.evolve解析：解析：四个选项都有“发展”的意思，由于空格后为 heart disease(心脏病)，能与之搭配的是 B项 develop“患(病)”，develop disease 是习惯用法，故选 B。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.liveB.disappearC.die D.exist解析：解析：由文章第 1 句的 Optimists outlive pessimists 可知，本文主题是谈
43、论生活态度对人们健康和寿命的影响，而空格所在的句子是对 heart disease 的递进，而且 outlive“比长寿”也提示了答案。故选 C 项 die“死亡”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.numbersB.scores C.marksD.grades解析：解析：四个选项都可指“分数”，但搭配及使用的场合有些差异。number 与空格前的 low 搭配不当；mark 常用来表示学科的成绩；grade 一般指等级，而 score 指考试、测试的分数。考虑空格后的 on the test，故 B 项 scores 为最佳答案。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.version B.
44、ventureC.veteranD.vessel解析：解析：A 项 version 意为“看法；版本”；B 项 venture 意为“企业；冒险行动”；C 项 veteran意为“老兵”；D 项 vessel“容器”。其中只有 A 项 version 能与空格前的 wrote about 相呼应。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.FollowingB.FutureC.FormerD.Previous 解析：解析：由空格后的现在完成时态 have indeed documented(确实记录了)可推断，这些研究是“过去的”，故选 D 项 Previous“过去的”。(8).【C8】（分数：2
45、.00）A.sinceB.although C.ifD.therefore解析：解析：由上文的 have indeed documented the判断是一种肯定，而下文的involved only men提示这里是指出研究的缺陷，因而前后具有转折关系，故选 B 项 although“尽管”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.convertedB.conveyedC.concededD.conducted 解析：解析：空格的宾语是 research(研究)，选项中只有 D 项 conduct“组织，实施”能与 research 搭配，意为“开展研究”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）
46、A.weeding B.weepingC.wearingD.weaving解析：解析：空格后是 potentially confusing factors(容易混淆的因素)，故 A 项 weed out“清除”最为合适，意为“剔除一些容易混淆的因素”。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.costB.stakeC.statueD.status 解析：解析：由空格前的 such as 可知，此处是对 potentially confusing factors(容易混淆的因素)的举例，且空格处跟 lifestyle(生活方式)并列，再结合下文的 blood pressure(血压)，可知此处指
47、“健康状况”，选项中 D 项 status 代入，表示“健康状况”，符合要求。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.whichB.whoC.what D.where解析：解析：本题宜用排除法解答。空格充当的是表语从句 makes the new study different 的主语，故排除连接副词 D 项 where。A 项 which“哪一个”需要指出“选择范围”，而原文并没有提及“选择范围”，故也排除。此处谈论的是因素而非人，故排除 B 项 who。所以选 C 项 what。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.confidenceB.account C.partnershipD.care解析：解析：空格后的 income，education，health behaviors 是指一些因素，选项中只有 B 项 take into account“考虑”能与“因素”搭配。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.physically B.mentallyC.materiallyD.legally解析：解析：由空格前的 blood pressure 和后面的 whether or not you drink or smoke 可知这里主要是谈论身体状况，故选 A 项 physically“身体上”最为合适。(15).【
