1、考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 42 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_Alcohol may taste sweeter if you were exposed to it before birth, suggests a st
2、udy in rats. The findings may shed new light【C1】_why human studies have previously【C2】_fetal alcohol exposure to increased alcohol【C3】_later in life, and to a【C4】_age at which a person【C5】_starts drinking alcohol. Alcohol“s taste is a(n) 【C6】_of sweet and bitter components. To【C7】_whether prenatal a
3、lcohol exposure could【C8】_the perception of these components, Steven Youngentob at the State University of New York in Syracuse and John Glendinning at Columbia University in New York【C9】_how eagerly rats consumed alcohol, sweet water【C10】_bitter water. They found that young rats whose mothers had c
4、onsumed alcohol during pregnancy【C11】_alcohol and consumed more of the bitter water than the【C12】_of mothers that didn“t consume alcohol. Rats that had been exposed to alcohol before birth also seemed to be more【C13】_to the smell of alcohol. Prenatal exposure seems to reduce the【C14】_bitterness of a
5、lcohol, making it seem【C15】_, says Youngentob. Both of these differences seemed to【C16】_once the rats reached adulthoodbut【C17】_they hadn“t tasted alcohol during their youth. If prena-tally exposed rats did consume alcohol in their youth, these preferences seemed to become【C18】_for life. “The take-h
6、ome message is to keep kids away from【C19】_for as long as possible【C20】_if they have had prenatal exposure,“ says Youngentob.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.toB.onC.inD.about(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.linkedB.contrastedC.contributedD.dedicated(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.refusalB.accessC.abuseD.use(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.hig
7、herB.lowerC.certainD.proper(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.radicallyB.firstC.finallyD.essentially(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.unionB.contradictionC.mixtureD.alternative(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.clarifyB.proveC.verifyD.test(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.dismissB.diffuseC.differD.affect(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.estimatedB.measuredC.evaluatedD.identi
8、fied(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.along withB.orC.eitherD.neither(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.inclinedB.preferredC.pursuedD.drank(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.youthB.generationC.offspringD.ancestor(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.appreciatedB.attractedC.focusedD.absorbed(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.perceivedB.realizedC.expectedD.acquired(15).【C
9、15】（分数：2.00）A.milderB.bitterC.slighterD.sweeter(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.deriveB.mergeC.riseD.disappear(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.only ifB.as ifC.as thoughD.even though(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.clearB.obviousC.setD.mature(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.bitternessB.sugarC.componentD.alcohol(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.evenB.definitely
10、C.particularlyD.speciallyInternet data shows that American younger adults have become the primary group mad about altering their personal appearance. Once the realm of the well-to-do female in her fifties, plastic surgery has become the attraction of the least rich【C1】_of younger Internet users. Sea
11、rch data【C2】_this phenomenon. One of the most popular sites visited from the search【C3】_“plastic surgery“ is the【C4】_site of the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Over 25% of visitors to the site fell【C5】_the 18- to 24-year-old demographicthat“s up from 19.6% two years【C6】_. Looking at other hea
12、lth related sites visited by 18- to 24-year-olds,【C7】_just how mad this age group is about appearance.【C8】_their older counterparts who visit sites related to【C9】_and keeping healthy, younger Internet users【C10】_to sites that dwell on personal appearance, such as those【C11】_on bodybuilding, weight l
13、oss and skincare. And【C12】_plastic surgery. But if we track the trend in searches on topics such as “breast implants“ or “plastic surgery,“ there has been a steep【C13】_in all plastic surgery topics over the last year. What“s【C14】_this downturn? It may very well be related to the failing U.S. economy
14、 and the【C15】_income group of visitors to cosmetic surgery sitesU.S. households that【C16】_less than $30,000 per year. In fact, if we look at the search patterns around popular surgeries, over the last year the term “cost“ is the most【C17】_appearing qualifier. We see more searches such as “breast imp
15、lant cost“ and “plastic surgery cost“.【C18】_older demographics continue to search for information on procedures such as face-lifts, it“s the younger Internet users who in tough【C19】_times are focusing on improving their outer beauty, although at a(n) 【C20】_price.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.division
16、B.portionC.segmentD.department(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.confessesB.confirmsC.challengesD.prompts(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.characterB.engineC.termD.rate(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.casualB.regularC.functionalD.official(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.underB.withinC.throughD.onto(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.agoB.earlyC.afterD.later(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）
17、A.releasesB.declaresC.revealsD.delivers(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.BesidesB.AsC.DespiteD.Unlike(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.diseasesB.surgeriesC.artworksD.crafts(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.dashB.crushC.flockD.visit(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）A.workedB.countedC.focusedD.depended(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.excessivelyB.definitelyC.infinitelyD
18、.confidently(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.growthB.declineC.boomD.decay(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.fuelingB.transformingC.upsettingD.launching(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.permanentB.particularC.predominantD.typical(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.consumeB.earnC.spendD.lend(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.ordinarilyB.commonlyC.hardlyD.generally(18)
19、.【C18】（分数：2.00）A.BeforeB.UntilC.WhenD.While(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.economicB.economicalC.fiscalD.financial(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.unreasonableB.discountC.higherD.unsatisfied考研英语（完形填空）-试卷 42 答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数：3，分数：120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following
20、text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.（分数：40.00）_解析：Alcohol may taste sweeter if you were exposed to it before birth, suggests a study in rats. The findings may shed new light【C1】_why human studies have previously【C2】_fetal alcohol exposure to increased alcohol【
21、C3】_later in life, and to a【C4】_age at which a person【C5】_starts drinking alcohol. Alcohol“s taste is a(n) 【C6】_of sweet and bitter components. To【C7】_whether prenatal alcohol exposure could【C8】_the perception of these components, Steven Youngentob at the State University of New York in Syracuse and
22、 John Glendinning at Columbia University in New York【C9】_how eagerly rats consumed alcohol, sweet water【C10】_bitter water. They found that young rats whose mothers had consumed alcohol during pregnancy【C11】_alcohol and consumed more of the bitter water than the【C12】_of mothers that didn“t consume al
23、cohol. Rats that had been exposed to alcohol before birth also seemed to be more【C13】_to the smell of alcohol. Prenatal exposure seems to reduce the【C14】_bitterness of alcohol, making it seem【C15】_, says Youngentob. Both of these differences seemed to【C16】_once the rats reached adulthoodbut【C17】_the
24、y hadn“t tasted alcohol during their youth. If prena-tally exposed rats did consume alcohol in their youth, these preferences seemed to become【C18】_for life. “The take-home message is to keep kids away from【C19】_for as long as possible【C20】_if they have had prenatal exposure,“ says Youngentob.（分数：40
25、.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.toB.on C.inD.about解析：解析：shed light on 为固定搭配，意为“进一步提供消息，使某种事物更清楚些”。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.linked B.contrastedC.contributedD.dedicated解析：解析：上文提到“如果在出生前接触过酒精，可能会觉得酒要更香甜一些”，因此推断“胎儿期接触酒精与成年后喝酒是有一定关系的”，故选 A 项，linkto“将与联系起来”符合语义。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.refusalB.accessC.abuse D.use解析：解析：文章首句提及
26、“如果你在出生前就接触过酒精，你可能就会觉得酒更香甜”，因此推断“人类胎儿期，酒精接触”会导致“成年后酗酒”，故选 C 项 abuse“滥用”，alcohol abuse 指“酗酒”。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.higherB.lower C.certainD.proper解析：解析：上文提到“胎儿期接触酒精会让酒精尝起来更甜美”，因此推断胎儿期接触酒精的人会更早开始喝酒，故选 B 项 lower“更低的”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.radicallyB.first C.finallyD.essentially解析：解析：空格内的词修饰 starts drinking a
27、lcohol，开始喝酒即第一次喝，故选 B 项 first“第一次”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.unionB.contradictionC.mixture D.alternative解析：解析：空格后为“甜的和苦的成分”，故推断酒精的味道是两者的“混合”。故选 C 项mixture“混合物”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.clarifyB.proveC.verifyD.test 解析：解析：此处指通过实验来检验出生前接触酒精的影响，D 项 test“检测”符合句意。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.dismissB.diffuseC.differD.affect 解析：
28、解析：此处是要检验上文的“胎儿期接触酒精会让酒精尝起来更甜美”，即检验“出生前接触酒精是否会影响对这些成分的感知”，D 项 affect“影响”代入空格最适合。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.estimatedB.measured C.evaluatedD.identified解析：解析：空格后紧接表程度的 how eagerly，故选 B 项 measured“测量”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.along withB.or C.eitherD.neither解析：解析：此处酒精、甜水、苦水是并列关系，也各不相同，故选 B 项 or。(11).【C11】（分数：2.00）
29、A.inclinedB.preferred C.pursuedD.drank解析：解析：由前文可知，酒的味道有苦有甜，再由空格后的 consumed more of the bitter wa-ter，可推知小老鼠也会喜欢喝酒，故选 B 项 preferred“更喜欢”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.youthB.generationC.offspring D.ancestor解析：解析：此处为比较结构，对比的对象应是对等的事物，故 young rats whose和ofmothers 对等，故 C 项 offspring“后代”符合句意。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.
30、appreciatedB.attracted C.focusedD.absorbed解析：解析：上一句提及“在怀孕期间喝过酒的母老鼠生下的小老鼠喝的苦水更多，”而“苦水是酒精气味的成分”，由 also 可推断这些小老鼠更受酒精气味的“吸引”，故选 B 项 attracted“吸引”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.perceived B.realizedC.expectedD.acquired解析：解析：苦味是人的感觉器官察觉到的，故选 A 项 perceived“感知的”。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.milderB.bitterC.slighterD.sweeter
31、解析：解析：句子前半部分说“降低对酒精苦味的”，等同于说对酒精苦味不太在意，因而酒精会显得更甜，故选 D 项 sweeter“更甜的”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.deriveB.mergeC.riseD.disappear 解析：解析：四个选项中，能跟主语 differences 搭配的动词只有 D 项 disappear“消失”，用于此表示“差异消失”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.only if B.as ifC.as thoughD.even though解析：解析：上文提及“到成年时，这种差异就会消失”，但下一句却说“如果在幼年期饮酒，偏好就会”，因此可推断
32、“到成年时，这种差异就会消失”是有条件的，即为空格后的“年幼时没有饮酒”，故选表条件的 A 项 only if“只有在条件下”。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.clearB.obviousC.set D.mature解析：解析：前一句说如果在年幼时不接触酒精，差异会消失，而此处却说年幼时若接触酒精，可推断这种差异会保留下来，即“对酒的偏好会固定”，故选 C 项 set“固定的”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.bitternessB.sugarC.componentD.alcohol 解析：解析：上文提及“年幼时若接触酒精，对酒精的偏好就会保留下来”，因此可推断应带回家的教
33、训是“让孩子远离酒精”。故选 D 项 alcohol“酒精”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.evenB.definitelyC.particularly D.specially解析：解析：由常识可知，“一般的小孩子都应远离酒精”，而根据上文“出生前就接触过酒精成年后会保留饮酒偏好”，故推断这些人就更应该远离酒精了，这是一种语义上的递进，故选 C 项 par-ticularly“尤其”。Internet data shows that American younger adults have become the primary group mad about altering th
34、eir personal appearance. Once the realm of the well-to-do female in her fifties, plastic surgery has become the attraction of the least rich【C1】_of younger Internet users. Search data【C2】_this phenomenon. One of the most popular sites visited from the search【C3】_“plastic surgery“ is the【C4】_site of
35、the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. Over 25% of visitors to the site fell【C5】_the 18- to 24-year-old demographicthat“s up from 19.6% two years【C6】_. Looking at other health related sites visited by 18- to 24-year-olds,【C7】_just how mad this age group is about appearance.【C8】_their older counte
36、rparts who visit sites related to【C9】_and keeping healthy, younger Internet users【C10】_to sites that dwell on personal appearance, such as those【C11】_on bodybuilding, weight loss and skincare. And【C12】_plastic surgery. But if we track the trend in searches on topics such as “breast implants“ or “pla
37、stic surgery,“ there has been a steep【C13】_in all plastic surgery topics over the last year. What“s【C14】_this downturn? It may very well be related to the failing U.S. economy and the【C15】_income group of visitors to cosmetic surgery sitesU.S. households that【C16】_less than $30,000 per year. In fact
38、, if we look at the search patterns around popular surgeries, over the last year the term “cost“ is the most【C17】_appearing qualifier. We see more searches such as “breast implant cost“ and “plastic surgery cost“.【C18】_older demographics continue to search for information on procedures such as face-
39、lifts, it“s the younger Internet users who in tough【C19】_times are focusing on improving their outer beauty, although at a(n) 【C20】_price.（分数：40.00）(1).【C1】（分数：2.00）A.divisionB.portionC.segment D.department解析：解析：根据上文的“50 多岁的富裕的群体”，得知此处是与之相对的年轻贫困群体，C 项 seg-ment“部分”能指“一部分人”，符合句意。(2).【C2】（分数：2.00）A.con
40、fessesB.confirms C.challengesD.prompts解析：解析：this phenomenon 指代的是上文提到的“整容年轻化”的现象，下文的数据是用于支持说明“整容年轻化”现象的，故应选“支持说明”含义的动词，B 项 confirm“证实”符合要求。(3).【C3】（分数：2.00）A.characterB.engineC.term D.rate解析：解析：此处 plastic surgery 为 the search的同位语，plastic surgery 为搜索关键词，对比四个选项，C 项 term“术语”更符合语境。(4).【C4】（分数：2.00）A.casu
41、alB.regularC.functionalD.official 解析：解析：空格内的词修饰 site“网站”，根据空格后的 the American Society of Plastic Sur-geons(美国整形协会)，可推断美国整形协会这种机构的网站应该比较正式，故选 D 项 official“官方的”。(5).【C5】（分数：2.00）A.underB.within C.throughD.onto解析：解析：空格后的“18 岁到 24 岁”是一个年龄区间，故选 B 项 within“在之间”。(6).【C6】（分数：2.00）A.ago B.earlyC.afterD.later解
42、析：解析：破折号前的数据为 25，而破折号后说 that“s up from 196(从 196涨起)，据此可推断 196是更久以前的数据，故选 A 项 ago“以前”。(7).【C7】（分数：2.00）A.releasesB.declaresC.reveals D.delivers解析：解析：“观察 18 岁到 24 岁之间的年轻人访问的健康网站”可反映出他们对外貌的关注程度，故选C 项 reveal“揭示”。(8).【C8】（分数：2.00）A.BesidesB.AsC.DespiteD.Unlike 解析：解析：句子后面提到年龄大点的人是访问和保健相关的网站，而年轻网民是去访问和个人形象
43、有关的网站，两者的关注点不一样，所以选 D 项 Unlike“和不一样”。(9).【C9】（分数：2.00）A.diseases B.surgeriesC.artworksD.crafts解析：解析：空格与 keeping healthy“保持健康”并列，选项中 diseases“疾病”与 keeping healthy属同一个范畴，故选 A 项 diseases“疾病”。(10).【C10】（分数：2.00）A.dashB.crushC.flock D.visit解析：解析：年轻网民关注塑形、减肥等，对此类专注相貌的网站肯定趋之若鹜，故 C 项 flock“聚集”用于此符合句意。(11).【
44、C11】（分数：2.00）A.workedB.countedC.focused D.depended解析：解析：这里on 与上文的 related to 和 dwell on 对应，都表示“有关于”，于是选 C 项focused，短语 focuson 意为“使关注”。(12).【C12】（分数：2.00）A.excessivelyB.definitely C.infinitelyD.confidently解析：解析：上一句讲年轻人喜欢上专注个人外貌的网站，整形手术类是跟这个有关的，整篇文章也都在讲整形手术，所以选 B 项 definitely“当然”。(13).【C13】（分数：2.00）A.
45、growthB.decline C.boomD.decay解析：解析：由下一句的 downturn 可知数量是下降的，故选 B 项 decline“下降”，steep decline 意为“(数量)剧减”。(14).【C14】（分数：2.00）A.fueling B.transformingC.upsettingD.launching解析：解析：上一句讲数量下降，下一句讲“这与有关”，解释了原因，因此可推出空格所在句是问原因。A 项 fuel 有“刺激，激起”的意思，故选 A。(15).【C15】（分数：2.00）A.permanentB.particularC.predominant D.t
46、ypical解析：解析：整形手术关注度下降，说明访问网站的人少了。而对人数下降影响最大的肯定是网站最主要的访问群体，故选 C 项 predominant“主要的”。(16).【C16】（分数：2.00）A.consumeB.earn C.spendD.lend解析：解析：此空所在的定语从句修饰前面的 income group“工薪阶层”，应是描述其年收入，所以选B 项 earn“赚得”。(17).【C17】（分数：2.00）A.ordinarilyB.commonly C.hardlyD.generally解析：解析：此空前面的 the most，以及下一句的 more searches 暗示
47、这里是表达搜索得最多的限定词，即最多人搜索，最经常出现，所以选 B 项 commonly“通常”。(18).【C18】（分数：2.00）A.BeforeB.UntilC.WhenD.While 解析：解析：这一句是 older demographics 和 younger Internet users 作对比，所以选 D 项While“而”。(19).【C19】（分数：2.00）A.economic B.economicalC.fiscalD.financial解析：解析：由上文的 the falling USeconomy 可知此处是要表达“经济困难时期”的意思，应选 A项 economic“经济的”。(20).【C20】（分数：2.00）A.unreasonableB.discount C.higherD.unsatisfied解析：解析：上文讲到经济衰退以及年轻网民非常关注成本，可知即使要改善外貌，人们也会选择一种低廉的方式，所以应选 B 项 discount“折扣”，discount price 意为“折扣价”。
