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    【考研类试卷】考研英语(完形填空)-试卷41及答案解析.doc

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    【考研类试卷】考研英语(完形填空)-试卷41及答案解析.doc

    1、考研英语(完形填空)-试卷 41 及答案解析(总分:120.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数:3,分数:120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.(分数:40.00)_Maybe unemployment isn“t so bad after all. A new study says that having a deman

    2、ding, unstable and thankless job may make you even【C1】_than not having a job at all. 【C2】_that a paid position gives workers purpose and a structured role, researchers had【C3】_thought that having any job would make a person happier than being【C4】_. That turns out to be true if you move into a high-q

    3、uality job but taking a bad job is【C5】_to mental health. Australian National University researchers looked at how various psychosocial work attributes affect【C6】_. They found that poor-quality jobsthose with high demands, low control over decision making, low job【C7】_and an effort-reward imbalanceha

    4、d more adverse effects on mental health than joblessness. Moving from unemployment to a job with high psychosocial quality was associated with【C8】_in mental health, the authors said【C9】_, the mental health of people in the least-satisfying jobs declined the【C10】_over timeand the worse the job, the m

    5、ore it affected workers“ welfare. These findings【C11】_the importance of employment to a person“s welfare. Rather than seeking a new job, the study suggests, people who are unemployed or【C12】_in lousy work should seek new【C13】_that offer more security, autonomy and a【C14】_workload. But that“s a lot【C

    6、15】_said than done. 【C16】_employers could be persuaded to be more【C17】_of the mental health of their workershappier employees are a【C18】_to their employers. “The【C19】_of work conditions,“ the researchers noted, “may【C20】_a health cost, which over the longer term will be both economically and sociall

    7、y counterproductive.“(分数:40.00)(1).【C1】(分数:2.00)A.more unfortunateB.more unsatisfiedC.unhappierD.unluckier(2).【C2】(分数:2.00)A.GivenB.SupposingC.ProvidedD.Now(3).【C3】(分数:2.00)A.neverB.frequentlyC.sometimesD.long(4).【C4】(分数:2.00)A.poorB.dependentC.unemployedD.purposeless(5).【C5】(分数:2.00)A.detrimentalB.

    8、disastrousC.destructiveD.demeaning(6).【C6】(分数:2.00)A.fitnessB.healthC.well-beingD.soundness(7).【C7】(分数:2.00)A.securityB.stressC.injuriesD.expenses(8).【C8】(分数:2.00)A.increasesB.growthC.improvementsD.development(9).【C9】(分数:2.00)A.ThereforeB.AndC.OtherwiseD.Meanwhile(10).【C10】(分数:2.00)A.bestB.mostC.lea

    9、stD.worst(11).【C11】(分数:2.00)A.underscoreB.undermineC.discoverD.admit(12).【C12】(分数:2.00)A.limitedB.stuckC.uninterestedD.submerged(13).【C13】(分数:2.00)A.opportunitiesB.positionsC.companiesD.organizations(14).【C14】(分数:2.00)A.reasonableB.heavyC.littleD.no(15).【C15】(分数:2.00)A.harderB.easierC.more difficult

    10、D.more complicated(16).【C16】(分数:2.00)A.PerhapsB.UndoubtedlyC.UltimatelyD.Finally(17).【C17】(分数:2.00)A.sympatheticB.cautiousC.neglectfulD.mindful(18).【C18】(分数:2.00)A.profitB.joyC.benefitD.nightmare(19).【C19】(分数:2.00)A.erosionB.facilitationC.difficultiesD.limitation(20).【C20】(分数:2.00)A.payB.incurC.cove

    11、rD.induceIn America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry. A recent poll showed that 40% of Americans【C1】_the practice. Tips should not exist So【C2】_do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both【C3】_the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequality.【C4】_a

    12、ccording to new research from Cornell University, tipping【C5】_serves any useful functions. The paper analyses data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants. The【C6】_between larger tips and better service was very【C7】_: only a tiny part of the【C8】_in the size of the tip had anything to do

    13、 with the quality of service. Customers who rated a meal as “excellent“ still tipped【C9】_between 8% and 37% of the meal price. Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom【C10】_institutionalized: it is regarded as part of the【C11】_cost of a service. In a New York

    14、restaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean【C12】_from the waiter. Hairdressers can expect to get 15-20%, the man who【C13】_your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is less common; in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being【C14】_by a standard service charge. In many Asian countries,

    15、tipping has never really【C15】_at all. How to【C16】_for these national differences? According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper“s co-author, countries in which people are more extrovert, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping relieves【C17】_about being served by strangers. And, says Mr. Lynn,

    16、“in America, where people are【C18】_and expressive, tipping is about social approval. If you tip badly people think less of you.“ Icelanders,【C19】_, do not usually tip a measure of their【C20】_, no doubt.(分数:40.00)(1).【C1】(分数:2.00)A.alarmB.likeC.enjoyD.hate(2).【C2】(分数:2.00)A.whatB.whereC.whyD.how(3).【

    17、C3】(分数:2.00)A.rewardB.awardC.rejectD.reverse(4).【C4】(分数:2.00)A.AndB.EvenC.ButD.So(5).【C5】(分数:2.00)A.no longerB.for longC.before longD.long before(6).【C6】(分数:2.00)A.correspondenceB.companionC.correlationD.assurance(7).【C7】(分数:2.00)A.faintB.weakC.distinctD.vague(8).【C8】(分数:2.00)A.possibilityB.capabili

    18、tyC.abilityD.variability(9).【C9】(分数:2.00)A.somewhereB.nowhereC.not anyD.anywhere(10).【C10】(分数:2.00)A.becameB.has becomeC.will becomeD.becomes(11).【C11】(分数:2.00)A.cozyB.contentC.alternativeD.accepted(12).【C12】(分数:2.00)A.tormentB.tortureC.abuseD.welcome(13).【C13】(分数:2.00)A.transmitsB.deliversC.transpl

    19、antsD.purchases(14).【C14】(分数:2.00)A.shiftedB.repaidC.takenD.replaced(15).【C15】(分数:2.00)A.caught atB.caught onC.caught upD.caught in(16).【C16】(分数:2.00)A.countB.explainC.accountD.look(17).【C17】(分数:2.00)A.anxietyB.curiosityC.hurtD.vanity(18).【C18】(分数:2.00)A.gracefulB.outgoingC.elegantD.decent(19).【C19】

    20、(分数:2.00)A.by contraryB.on contrastC.by contrastD.on contrary(20).【C20】(分数:2.00)A.extroversionB.reservationC.preservationD.introversion考研英语(完形填空)-试卷 41 答案解析(总分:120.00,做题时间:90 分钟)一、Use of English(总题数:3,分数:120.00)1.Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) fo

    21、r each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D.(分数:40.00)_解析:Maybe unemployment isn“t so bad after all. A new study says that having a demanding, unstable and thankless job may make you even【C1】_than not having a job at all. 【C2】_that a paid position gives workers purpose and a structured role, researc

    22、hers had【C3】_thought that having any job would make a person happier than being【C4】_. That turns out to be true if you move into a high-quality job but taking a bad job is【C5】_to mental health. Australian National University researchers looked at how various psychosocial work attributes affect【C6】_.

    23、 They found that poor-quality jobsthose with high demands, low control over decision making, low job【C7】_and an effort-reward imbalancehad more adverse effects on mental health than joblessness. Moving from unemployment to a job with high psychosocial quality was associated with【C8】_in mental health

    24、, the authors said【C9】_, the mental health of people in the least-satisfying jobs declined the【C10】_over timeand the worse the job, the more it affected workers“ welfare. These findings【C11】_the importance of employment to a person“s welfare. Rather than seeking a new job, the study suggests, people

    25、 who are unemployed or【C12】_in lousy work should seek new【C13】_that offer more security, autonomy and a【C14】_workload. But that“s a lot【C15】_said than done. 【C16】_employers could be persuaded to be more【C17】_of the mental health of their workershappier employees are a【C18】_to their employers. “The【C

    26、19】_of work conditions,“ the researchers noted, “may【C20】_a health cost, which over the longer term will be both economically and socially counterproductive.“(分数:40.00)(1).【C1】(分数:2.00)A.more unfortunateB.more unsatisfiedC.unhappier D.unluckier解析:解析:上一句提到,可能失业也不算是太坏的事。按照这个逻辑,拥有一份要求苛刻、不稳定且不被认同的工作,可能比

    27、失业更糟糕,再结合下文的“从事任何工作都会让一个人比失业时更幸福(happier)”。根据这个提示,应该选 C 项 unhappier“更不幸福的”,表示一个人从事不好的工作会比失业时更缺乏幸福感。(2).【C2】(分数:2.00)A.Given B.SupposingC.ProvidedD.Now解析:解析:此处引导一个原因状语从句,作为后面主句的原因,所以选 A 项 Given that “考虑到,鉴于”。(3).【C3】(分数:2.00)A.neverB.frequentlyC.sometimesD.long 解析:解析:由于人们认为一个有薪酬的职位会给工作者以目标和结构性角色,因此研究

    28、者长期以来认为任何工作都会让人比失业时更幸福。此处需要填一个状语,说明这种想法由来已久或很常见,所以选 D 项,此处副词 long“长久,长期地”作状语。(4).【C4】(分数:2.00)A.poorB.dependentC.unemployed D.purposeless解析:解析:根据这句话的逻辑,研究者长期以来认为有工作会让一个人感到幸福,那么潜台词是。有工作总好过没工作。所以选 C 项 unemployed“失业的”。(5).【C5】(分数:2.00)A.detrimental B.disastrousC.destructiveD.demeaning解析:解析:该句前半部分提到,如果你

    29、从事一份高质量的工作,那的确比失业时有幸福感,由此可以猜到,从事不好的工作会对精神健康产生不利影响,所以选 A 项 detrimental“有害的,不利的”。(6).【C6】(分数:2.00)A.fitnessB.healthC.well-being D.soundness解析:解析:上一段末尾提到差的工作对人精神健康的影响。所以此处应该选一个跟精神状态有关的词。故选 C 项 well-being。表示“健康、幸福的状态”。(7).【C7】(分数:2.00)A.security B.stressC.injuriesD.expenses解析:解析:根据这句话的语境,差的工作存在不少问题,其中一项

    30、是稳定性较低,所以选 A 项security“稳定性”。(8).【C8】(分数:2.00)A.increasesB.growthC.improvements D.development解析:解析:之前失业,现在得到一份社会心理质量较高的工作,这对于精神健康应该有积极影响,所以选 C 项 improvement“发展,提高”。(9).【C9】(分数:2.00)A.ThereforeB.AndC.OtherwiseD.Meanwhile 解析:解析:前一句提及得到好工作会促进精神健康,这句讲差工作会降低精神健康,两句间是对比或者转折关系,所以选 D 项 Meanwhile“与此同时”,可用于比较两

    31、种情况或两个方面,比如 Stress can be extremely damaging to your healthExercise,meanwhile,can reduce its ef-fects(压力对你的健康特别有害,但是锻炼可以减少危害)。(10).【C10】(分数:2.00)A.bestB.most C.leastD.worst解析:解析:此处需要填一个最高级的程度副词,描述工作最差的人们的精神健康恶化程度,后面已经提到,工作越差,精神健康越差,所以选 B 项 most“最多的”。(11).【C11】(分数:2.00)A.underscore B.undermineC.disco

    32、verD.admit解析:解析:前文提到,工作越差,员工的精神健康越差。可见工作对于个人的精神健康有很重大的影响。所以此处要填一个动词,表示强调,进一步说明,所以选 A 项 underscore“强调,加强”。(12).【C12】(分数:2.00)A.limitedB.stuck C.uninterestedD.submerged解析:解析:从事着糟糕工作的人们想要换新工作,但本段最后一句提到,换工作真是说起来容易做起来难。所以这些人常常被糟糕的工作所困住。故选 B 项 be stuck in“陷入”,指被自己不喜欢的事情所困扰。(13).【C13】(分数:2.00)A.opportuniti

    33、esB.positions C.companiesD.organizations解析:解析:这句话的最后一个词是 workload“工作量”,说明失业或工作很糟的人想要找个新工作。所以选 B 项 positions,指工作或职位。(14).【C14】(分数:2.00)A.reasonable B.heavyC.littleD.no解析:解析:该研究建议失业或从事着很差工作的人们寻找新岗位,该新岗位要具备以下特点:更稳定。更独立。空格跟“更稳定,更独立”并列因此判断表示“积极意义”,所以选 A 项“合理的”。(15).【C15】(分数:2.00)A.harderB.easier C.more d

    34、ifficultD.more complicated解析:解析:上一句提到,失业人员或“困”于恶劣工作中的人应该寻找可以提供更好保障、自主并有合理工作量的新职位。而本句的 But 提示,要找个好工作真是说起来容易做起来难,所以选 B 项be easier said than done 是一个固定表达,表示“说起来轻巧,做起来难”。(16).【C16】(分数:2.00)A.Perhaps B.UndoubtedlyC.UltimatelyD.Finally解析:解析:前一句提到,员工要换个好工作,说起来容易做起来难。这一段开始从另一个侧面思考提高员工精神健康的途径,即希望说服雇主更加关注员工的精

    35、神健康,空格后的 could be per-suaded 提示,这只是一种想法而已,雇主能否被说服还不可知,所以选 A 项 Perhaps“或许”。(17).【C17】(分数:2.00)A.sympatheticB.cautiousC.neglectfulD.mindful 解析:解析:本句意为“也许老板可能被劝说要更职员的心理健康”,D 项 be mindful of“留意,关心或注意到”代入符合逻辑。(18).【C18】(分数:2.00)A.profitB.joyC.benefit D.nightmare解析:解析:根据本段最后一句,可以得知员工不幸福的话,会产生经济和社会方面的负面效果。

    36、反而言之,幸福的员工会产生更大的经济和社会效益,对雇主有好处,所以选 C 项 benefit“利益,实惠,好处”。(19).【C19】(分数:2.00)A.erosion B.facilitationC.difficultiesD.limitation解析:解析:第 2、3、4 段的最后一句均提到,差的工作会破坏员工的精神健康。根据这些提示,可以猜出此处要填的是差的工作环境对人的负面影响,所以选 A 项 erosion“侵蚀,削弱”。(20).【C20】(分数:2.00)A.payB.incur C.coverD.induce解析:解析:工作环境的侵蚀作用可能会导致员工付出健康的代价。所以选

    37、B 项 incur“招致不好的后果”。In America alone, tipping is now a $16 billion-a-year industry. A recent poll showed that 40% of Americans【C1】_the practice. Tips should not exist So【C2】_do they? The conventional wisdom is that tips both【C3】_the efforts of good service and reduce uncomfortable feelings of inequal

    38、ity.【C4】_according to new research from Cornell University, tipping【C5】_serves any useful functions. The paper analyses data from 2,547 groups dining at 20 different restaurants. The【C6】_between larger tips and better service was very【C7】_: only a tiny part of the【C8】_in the size of the tip had anyt

    39、hing to do with the quality of service. Customers who rated a meal as “excellent“ still tipped【C9】_between 8% and 37% of the meal price. Tipping is better explained by culture than by economics. In America, the custom【C10】_institutionalized: it is regarded as part of the【C11】_cost of a service. In a

    40、 New York restaurant, failing to tip at least 15% could well mean【C12】_from the waiter. Hairdressers can expect to get 15-20%, the man who【C13】_your groceries $2. In Europe, tipping is less common; in many restaurants, discretionary tipping is being【C14】_by a standard service charge. In many Asian c

    41、ountries, tipping has never really【C15】_at all. How to【C16】_for these national differences? According to Michael Lynn, the Cornell paper“s co-author, countries in which people are more extrovert, sociable or neurotic tend to tip more. Tipping relieves【C17】_about being served by strangers. And, says

    42、Mr. Lynn, “in America, where people are【C18】_and expressive, tipping is about social approval. If you tip badly people think less of you.“ Icelanders,【C19】_, do not usually tip a measure of their【C20】_, no doubt.(分数:40.00)(1).【C1】(分数:2.00)A.alarmB.likeC.enjoyD.hate 解析:解析:根据下一句的“小费不应该存在”,可知美国人憎恨付小费,故

    43、 D 项 hate“厌恶,憎恶”正确。(2).【C2】(分数:2.00)A.whatB.whereC.why D.how解析:解析:解答本题首先要弄清 do they 指代什么,由上一句可知,空格后的成分应表示 do tipsexist。结合下一句解说小费存在的原因,可推断选 C 项 why。(3).【C3】(分数:2.00)A.reward B.awardC.rejectD.reverse解析:解析:根据该空后面的 good service 可知,此处应填入表肯定意义的词语。句意应是“小费奖赏优质服务”,reward 常与 effort 搭配使用,故 A 项“酬劳,奖赏”正确。(4).【C4

    44、】(分数:2.00)A.AndB.EvenC.But D.So解析:解析:该空格的前一句是说明小费存在的原因,而空格后面指出,新的研究显示小费(不再)有任何实用的功能,前后两句之间是转折的关系,故应填入 C 项 But。(5).【C5】(分数:2.00)A.no longer B.for longC.before longD.long before解析:解析:根据空格后的 any 可判断,此处应填入表否定意义的副词词组只有 A 项 no longer“不再”具有否定意义,故选 A。(6).【C6】(分数:2.00)A.correspondenceB.companionC.correlation

    45、 D.assurance解析:解析:根据空格后面的 betweenand可知,此处应填入表示“关系,联系”的词语,C项 correlation“相互关系,相关(性)”符合此义,故正确。(7).【C7】(分数:2.00)A.faintB.weak C.distinctD.vague解析:解析:由首段末句提到的“小费已不再具有任何实用的功能”以及该空冒号后面的句子可知。较多小费与良好服务之间的联系是非常微弱的,故 B 项 weak“不牢固的,弱的”正确。(8).【C8】(分数:2.00)A.possibilityB.capabilityC.abilityD.variability 解析:解析:本句

    46、意为“小费数量的中只有很小一部分同服务质量有关”,根据首段末句及该空格所在句可知,只有代入 variability“差异,可变性”才合适,故 D 正确。(9).【C9】(分数:2.00)A.somewhere B.nowhereC.not anyD.anywhere解析:解析:根据该空格前面的“称赞用餐好极了的顾客仍然支付小费”及其后的“在餐费的 8%至37%之间”,可知此处应填入表“某个点”的词,只有 A 项 somewhere“在某个地方”最合适,代入表示“消费在餐费的 8至 37之间的某个点”。该空格所在的句子是前一句观点(与的联系是非常微弱的)的例证。(10).【C10】(分数:2.0

    47、0)A.becameB.has become C.will becomeD.becomes解析:解析:根据上一句“小费现象最好从文化角度来解释,而不是”及其使用的一般现在时可知,这种习俗(已经变得)制度化了。这包含了时间的累积与沉淀,是从过去一直影响到现在的,故此处应使用现在完成时,故选 B 项 has become。(11).【C11】(分数:2.00)A.cozyB.contentC.alternativeD.accepted 解析:解析:上文提到:在美国,支付小费已经制度化,既然已经制度化,那就是可接受的,因此选 D项 accepted“公认的,可接纳的”合适。(12).【C12】(分数:2.00)A.tormentB.tortureC.abuse D.welcome解析:解析:根据该空格前面的 failing 及前一句的“支付小费已经制度化”,可知此处应填入表消极意义的名词,C 项 abuse“辱骂”最合适,故选 C。(13).【C13】(分数:2.00)A.transmitsB.delivers C.transplantsD.purchases解析:解析:空格所在的句子应表示“送货的人可得到 2 美元小费”,表示“送(货)”应使用 B 项deliver,故 B 正确。(14).【


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